Changes

====1.3.3.  Cognitive Science====

====1.3.3.  Cognitive Science====

Remarkably, seeds of a hybrid character, similar to what is sought in the intersection of AI and systems theory, were planted many years ago by one who explored the farther and nether regions of the human mind.  This model blended recognizably cybernetic and cognitive ideas in a scheme that included associative networks for adaptive learning and recursion mechanisms for problem solving.  But these ideas lay dormant and untended by their originator for over half a century.  Sigmund Freud rightly estimated that this model would always be too simple-minded to help with the complex and subtle exigencies of his chosen practice.  But the "Project" he wrote out in 1895 (Freud, 1954) is still more sophisticated, in its underlying computational structure, than many receiving serious study today in AI and cognitive modeling.  Again, here is another stage, another window, where old ideas and directions may be worth a new look with the new 'scopes available, if only to provide a basis for informing the speculations that get a theory started.

Remarkably, seeds of a hybrid character, similar to what is sought in the  

intersection of AI and systems theory, were planted many years ago by one who  

explored the farther and nether regions of the human mind.  This model blended  

recognizably cybernetic and cognitive ideas in a scheme that included  

associative networks for adaptive learning and recursion mechanisms for problem  

solving.  But these ideas lay dormant and untended by their originator for over  

half a century.  Sigmund Freud rightly estimated that this model would always be  

too simple-minded to help with the complex and subtle exigencies of his chosen  

practice.  But the "Project" he wrote out in 1895 (Freud, 1954) is still more  

sophisticated, in its underlying computational structure, than many receiving  

serious study today in AI and cognitive modeling.  Again, here is another stage,  

another window, where old ideas and directions may be worth a new look with the  

new 'scopes available, if only to provide a basis for informing the speculations  

that get a theory started.

The ideas of information processing, AI, cybernetics, and systems theory had  

The ideas of information processing, AI, cybernetics, and systems theory had more direct interactions, of course, with the development of cognitive science.  A share of these mutual influences and crosscurrents may be traced through the texts and references in (Young, 1964, 1978), (de Bono, 1969), (Eccles, 1970), (Anderson & Bower, 1973), (Krantz, et al., 1974), (Johnson-Laird & Wason, 1977), (Lachman, Lachman, & Butterfield, 1979), (Wyer & Carlston, 1979), (Boden, 1980), (Anderson, 1981, '83, '90), (Schank, 1982), (Gentner & Stevens, 1983), (H. Gardner, 1983, 1985), (O'Shea & Eisenstadt, 1984), (Pylyshyn, 1984), (Bakeman & Gottman, 1986), (Collins & Smith, 1988), (Minsky & Papert, 1988), (Posner, 1989), (Vosniadou & Ortony, 1989), (Gottman & Roy, 1990), and (Newell, 1990).

more direct interactions, of course, with the development of cognitive science.   

A share of these mutual influences and crosscurrents may be traced through the  

texts and references in (Young, 1964, 1978), (de Bono, 1969), (Eccles, 1970),  

(Anderson & Bower, 1973), (Krantz, et al., 1974), (Johnson-Laird & Wason, 1977),  

(Lachman, Lachman, & Butterfield, 1979), (Wyer & Carlston, 1979), (Boden, 1980),  

(Anderson, 1981, '83, '90), (Schank, 1982), (Gentner & Stevens, 1983), (H.  

Gardner, 1983, 1985), (O'Shea & Eisenstadt, 1984), (Pylyshyn, 1984), (Bakeman &  

Gottman, 1986), (Collins & Smith, 1988), (Minsky & Papert, 1988), (Posner,  

1989), (Vosniadou & Ortony, 1989), (Gottman & Roy, 1990), and (Newell, 1990).

====1.3.4.  Philosophy of Science====

====1.3.4.  Philosophy of Science====