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| | '''Link to the actual article (this is a work page) is here: [http://mywikibiz.com/Korcula_Dialect KorculaDialect]''' | | '''Link to the actual article (this is a work page) is here: [http://mywikibiz.com/Korcula_Dialect KorculaDialect]''' |
| − | == Language evolution on the island (just a theory) ==
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| − | Language spoken on the island up to becoming part of the Republic of Venice (1420) was the - '''Dalmatian''' (Romance language) and '''Slavic''' - Chakavian (Old Croatian). Written language was [[Latin]]. Post 1420 Venetian became ''Lingua franca'' on the island.
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| − | * The interaction of theses three must have been interesting:
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| − | <center>
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| − | '''1.''' Venetian '''2.''' Romance Dalmatian '''3.''' Slavic (Old Croatian-Chakavian)
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| − | The interaction of theses three laid down the foundation of the Korcula Dialect. In the era of the '''Black Plague''' extensive migrations to the island occurred during the Cypriote (1571-1573), Candian (1645-1669), and Morean wars (1684-1699) (between Republic of Venice and the Ottoman Empire). Refugees from the Ottoman Empire (which ruled the Balkans for centuries) arrived on the island.
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| − | Quote from ''"The Land of 1000 Islands"'' by Igor Rudan:
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| − | {{quote| However, the clashes between the Ottoman Empire and Venetian Republic produced extensive migrations from the mainland areas, especially from today's Bosnia and Herzegovina, to the eastern parts of the islands of Brac, Hvar, '''Korcula''', and Pag }}
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| − | The new arrivals to the island who were predominately Slavic (Shtokavian) speakers and must have put the Slavic speaks (Old Croatian Slavic - Chakavian '''+''' Slavic - Shtokavian) on the island in a '''majority'''. Interesting today Croatians and Serbs share this dialect. Venetian was still ''Lingua franca'' on the island and must have replaced Latin as the official written language.
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| − | ====Chronology====
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| − | * Illyrian (Delmatae)
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| − | * Greek
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| − | * Latin (Romans)
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| − | * Romance Dalmatian
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| − | * Venetian
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| − | * Slavic (Old Croatian-Chakavian)
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| − | * Slavic - Shtokavian
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| − | * Italian (standardise language arrived)
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| − | * Serbo-Croatian (standardise language)
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| − | Modern times
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| − | * Croatian (standardise language)
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| | == Concerns == | | == Concerns == |
| | A large proportion of information (books,articles) concerning the former Yugoslavia reminded me of the Yugoslavian encyclopaedias of the 1970s. The encyclopaedias were written in the same style as the '''Great Soviet Encyclopaedia'''. | | A large proportion of information (books,articles) concerning the former Yugoslavia reminded me of the Yugoslavian encyclopaedias of the 1970s. The encyclopaedias were written in the same style as the '''Great Soviet Encyclopaedia'''. |
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| | [[File:300px-Serbo croatian dialects historical distribution.png|thumb|right|800px|Western '''Balkans Slavic dialects''' (or languages) historical distribution in the 16 century. | | [[File:300px-Serbo croatian dialects historical distribution.png|thumb|right|800px|Western '''Balkans Slavic dialects''' (or languages) historical distribution in the 16 century. |
| | Blue is '''Chakavian''' whist green is West Shokavian and pink is East Shokavian. (''Map by Panonian'')]] | | Blue is '''Chakavian''' whist green is West Shokavian and pink is East Shokavian. (''Map by Panonian'')]] |
| − | == The Croatian and Serbian language Issue ==
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| − | <div align="left">
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| − | {| class="toc" style="border-right-width:2px; border-bottom-width:2px;"
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| − | | This is might be a '''base''' for a future article (work in progress).<br><small></span></small>
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| − | |}
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| − | </div>
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| − | It is my belief that the Croatian and Serbian labels started off as terms to assert political elitism. This political frame work for elitism later with time became established as ethnic identities. This is sometimes referred to as a ''Constructed Identity''.
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| − | Since we can’t distinguish Croatians from Serbians through the examination of DNA it seems that if there were any tribal divisions between Slavs in the Western Balkan region it would have to be in the area of language. This division is based on the principle of the existence of historical language markers left from the past that are present today (or another way of putting it “echoes from the past”).
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| − | The main Slavic groups arrived as:
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| − | * Tribes that spoke Old Chakavian Slav. This group mark the beginnings of the Croatian language.
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| − | * Tribes that spoke Old Kajkavian Slav dialect.
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| − | * Tribes that spoke Old Shokavian Slav.
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| − | * Certain Slavic groups (that were physically close to each other) later started to integrate as one and created a third group: Chakavian-Shokavian Slav mix.
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| − | Chakavian Slavs settled in today’s Dalmatian Hinterland (Shokavian Slavs settled in the area around today’s Kosovo). Later they started to interact, spread and integrate with the inhabitants of the region that were there prior to their arrival. This being mainly the Romans and others (i.e. Illyrians, Liburnians, Greeks).
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| − | The language groupings were later heavily influenced by historical events of the Ottoman invasion (the Turks defeated the Serbian army in 1371). These group of peoples started migrating west as well as Shokavian Slavs (certain Shokavian Slavs groups started identify themselves as Serbs now). These late medieval migrations laid down some of the language dialects in the Western Balkans that we have today. An example of this is evident in today's modern region of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the old Republic of Ragusa (Dubrovnik) where the Slavic people within these regions became predominately Slavic Shokavian speakers.
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| − | It was in this historical environment that the standardise language arrived (Serbo-Croatian) or it could be said '''enforced''' by governments. Thanks to the old Yugoslav and Austro-Hungarian education system communities now in the region started be influenced by standardise language. It is interesting that the issue of certain ''Croatian Dialects'' how little is mention of the non Slavic words that are present in there vocabulary i.e. Korcula Dialects.
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| − | After the '''Napoleonic Wars''' the political situation stated to change and one of them was the nationalistic movement of the 19th century. In the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia within the Austro-Hungarian Empire a [[Croatia|Croatian]] nationalistic movement was established and alongside that, within the Balkan region a Pan-Slavic movement was growing (the beginnings of the ill fated Yugoslavia). These political on goings started to be felt in the Kingdom of Dalmatia (also part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire). The Austrians in the 1860s started to introduce within the Kingdom of Dalmatia a standardised Croatian language sometimes referred to as '''Illirski'''.UNIQ70ec0aadb4417dbf-ref-00000024-QINU It then replaced Italian altogether. In effect the government undertook culture genocide. For centuries the Italian language was the official language of the Dalmatian establishment. It was also the spoken language in white-collar, civil service and merchant families.
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| − | The process of creating a standardised Croatian language was incomplete. This is reflected in its labelling of the language as Croatian, Croatian-Serbo and the very unpopular Serbo-Croatian. This was a fundamental mistake made when political extremist ideology influenced decision-making regarding language and culture. It was an attempt at imitating Western imperial empire building egotism (a super Southern Slav State), which failed. Note below: {{Cquote|''Robert Greenberg, the foremost English-language scholar on South Slav languages, believes the root of the language polemic lies in the Vienna agreement of 1850, which “reversed several centuries of natural Abstand developments for the languages of Orthodox Southern Slavs and Catholic Southern Slavs.” (Greenberg 2004, 23) Croatians and Serbians came to the negotiating table with differing experiences. Serbian linguists were standardizing a single dialect of rural speech and breaking with the archaic Slaveno-Serbian heritage of the eighteenth century “Serbian enlightenment.” Early [[Croatia|Croat]] nationalists proposed a standard language based on a widely spoken dialect linked with the literature of the Croatian Renaissance. With an eye towards South Slav unity they also encouraged liberal borrowing from various dialects (Greenberg 2004, 24-26). This basic difference in approach created conflicts throughout the history of the South Slav movement and the Yugoslav state (Greenberg 2004, 48).''
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| − | A process of [[Croatisation]] of the Republic of Ragusa's history began in the 19th century and this process is still continuing today. This process happened firstly in relation to the Ragusan-Slavic history and later with the Ragusan-Italianic history. In relation to this Croatisation of history, '''Gianfrancesco Gondola''' (1589 -1638) a Ragusan Baroque poet from Republic of Ragusa has ''become'' a Croatian Baroque poet called Ivan Gundulić from Dubrovnik, Croatia.
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| − | Ivan Gundulic wrote many works in Italian and Slavic (today referred to as Croatian). One of these was the Slavic poem [http://books.google.com/books?id=J8coAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false Osman]. Interestingly, in 1967 his work was referred to as ''"The works of the greatest poet of early Yugoslav literature, Ivan Gundulić"'' taken from the book Dubrovnik by Bariša Krekić
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| − | The '''first''' primary source mention of the Croatian identity in the Balkans was Dux Cruatorum Branimero ''or'' Prince Branimir inscription, c.''' 880''' AD from town of Nin-Croatia (Old Dalmatia). In 1853 a Russian archaeologist Pavel Mikhailovich Leontjev discovered the ''Tanais Tablets''. The Tanais Tablets mention three men: Horoúathos, Horoáthos, and Horóathos (Χορούαθ[ος], Χοροάθος, Χορόαθος). They are written in Greek and are from the '''3rd century''' AD from the city of Tanais, today's Azov, Russia. At that time it had mixed Greek - Sarmatian (Iranian) population.
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| − | The term Slav was first used by the Byzantines (i.e. Procopius-Byzantine scholar, Jordanes- 6th century Roman bureaucrat) and was written in the '''6th century''' (cia. 550) in Greek (Σκλαβῖνοι-Sklabenoi). Later in Latin it was written '''Sclaveni'''.
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| − | == War against the Croatian language on Wikipedia ==
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| − | * Rat protiv Hrvatskog jezika na Wikipediji. [http://www.monitor.hr/clanci/srpsko-hrvatski-jezik-ne-postoji/38133/ Link here]
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