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== Editor's Note ==

== Editor's Note ==

The research I have done in the last two years has led me to this conclusion concerning the history of Dubrovnik area (for now anyway.... I'm always open to new information). The ancient peoples of Dubrovnik identified themselves as Ragusans. Latin-Illyrian families created the Republic of Ragusa. Modern theories say that a small town was already there during the times of the Roman Empire (some say even earlier).<ref>Note: Recent findings of artefacts in Dubrovnik suggest to be Greek in origin.</ref>

The research I have done in the last two years has led me to this conclusion concerning the history of Dubrovnik area (for now anyway.... I'm always open to new information). The ancient peoples of Dubrovnik identified themselves as '''Ragusans'''. Latin-Illyrian families created the Republic of Ragusa. Modern theories say that a small town was already there during the times of the Roman Empire (some say even earlier).<ref>Note: Recent findings of artefacts in Dubrovnik suggest to be [[Greece|Greek]] in origin.</ref>

Refugees from Roman Epidaurus in the 7th century turned it into a fortified city. Over the centuries, it became a City State importantly called Ragusa. Later it became a Republic (1358), also importantly called Republic of Ragusa. The early medieval City State had a population of Romans and Latinized Illyrians, who spoke Latin. With time it evolved into the Dalmatian language, a now extinct Romance language. The Ragusan Dalmatian language disappeared in the 17th century.

Refugees from Roman Epidaurus in the 7th century turned it into a fortified city. Over the centuries, it became a City State importantly called Ragusa. Later it became a Republic (1358), also importantly called Republic of Ragusa. The early medieval City State had a population of Romans and Latinized Illyrians, who spoke [[Latin]]. With time it evolved into the Dalmatian language, a now extinct Romance language. The Ragusan Dalmatian language disappeared in the 17th century. For centuries Ragusa, was an Italian-City State. <ref>'''Note''': According to Francesco Maria Appendini (Italian scholar 1768–1837) the Slavic language started to be spoken in area in the 13 century</ref>  

For centuries Ragusa, was an Italian-City State. <ref>'''Note''': According to Francesco Maria Appendini (Italian scholar 1768–1837) the Slavic language started to be spoken in area in the 13 century</ref> In the 16th and 17th century <ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=wEF5oN5erE0C&pg=PA299&dq=Ottoman+Diplomacy+When+Ethnicity+did+not+Matter+in+the+Balkans&hl=en&ei=YjzmTa-sF4a6vQOe5_nnCg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CDAQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false  When Ethnicity did not Matter in the Balkans:] by John Van Antwerp Fine (p229)

 

* "Discussions between Ottoman officials (many of whom were of Slavic origin) and Ragusan envoys were frequently carried out in “our language” (proto- Serbo- Croatian), and both sides (these particular Ottomans and the Ragusan diplomats)"</ref> In the 16th and 17th century [3] its ethnic population changed dramatically mainly due to various historical events in Europe. It became a hub of multi-ethnic communities. The most numerous of these were the Slavs. The peoples of the Republic started to merge (including mixed marriages). Additionally the Ragusan-Slavic population were Romanised, meaning they adopted Latin Mediterranean culture. A form of Italian was spoken in the Republic, which was heavily influenced by Venetian. Books were written in Latin and Italian. Some Ragusans started to write in a Slavic language. Two languages Italian and Slavic (which at times overlapped) became the norm in the Republic.

In the 16th and 17th century <ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=wEF5oN5erE0C&pg=PA299&dq=Ottoman+Diplomacy+When+Ethnicity+did+not+Matter+in+the+Balkans&hl=en&ei=YjzmTa-sF4a6vQOe5_nnCg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CDAQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false  When Ethnicity did not Matter in the Balkans:] by John Van Antwerp Fine (p229)

* "Discussions between Ottoman officials (many of whom were of Slavic origin) and Ragusan envoys were frequently carried out in “our language” (proto- Serbo- Croatian), and both sides (these particular Ottomans and the Ragusan diplomats)" Editors Note: These event describe by John Van Antwerp Fine  are from 1608.</ref> its ethnic population changed dramatically mainly due to various historical events in Europe. It became a hub of '''multi-ethnic''' communities. The most numerous of these were the Slavs. The peoples of the Republic started to merge (including mixed marriages). Additionally the Ragusan-Slavic population were Romanised, meaning they adopted Latin Mediterranean culture. A form of Italian was spoken in the Republic, which was heavily influenced by '''Venetian'''. Books were written in Latin and Italian. Some Ragusans started to write in a Slavic language. Two languages Italian and Slavic (which at times overlapped) became the norm in the Republic.

[[File:800px-Dubrovnik 042.jpg|thumb|right|350px|Dubrovnik once the capital of the Republic of Ragusa now within todays modern [[Croatia]]. The ''Republic'' in the past was a hub of multi-ethnic communities.]]

[[File:800px-Dubrovnik 042.jpg|thumb|right|350px|Dubrovnik once the capital of the Republic of Ragusa now within todays modern [[Croatia]]. The ''Republic'' in the past was a hub of multi-ethnic communities.]]

The political situation stated to change and one of them was the nationalistic movement of the 19th century. In the neighbouring Kingdom of Croatia Slavonia a Croatian nationalistic movement was established and alongside that within the Balkan region a Pan-Slavic (the beginnings of the ill fated Yugoslavia) movement was growing. These political on goings started to be felt in the Kingdom of Dalmatia.

 

The political situation stated to change and one of them was the nationalistic movement of the 19th century. In the neighbouring '''Kingdom of Croatia Slavonia''' a [[Croatia|Croatian]] nationalistic movement was established and alongside that within the Balkan region a Pan-Slavic (the beginnings of the ill fated Yugoslavia) movement was growing. These political on goings started to be felt in the Kingdom of Dalmatia.

The Austrians in the 1860s started to introduce within the Kingdom of Dalmatia a standardised Croatian language sometimes referred to as Illirski.<ref> Sir John Gardner Wilkinson (an 19 century [[United Kingdom|English]] historian. October 5, 1797 – October 29, 1875)  

The Austrians in the 1860s started to introduce within the Kingdom of Dalmatia a standardised Croatian language sometimes referred to as Illirski.<ref> Sir John Gardner Wilkinson (an 19 century [[United Kingdom|English]] historian. October 5, 1797 – October 29, 1875)  

*He too referred to the Dalmatian Slavic dialect as Illirskee. Cited from [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=K7oAAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA256&dq=Statute+of+Curzola+korcula&hl=en&ei=ZAtdTJ7lF5ivcI-m3NsO&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CEMQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=naski&f=false Dalmatia and Montenegro: With a Journey to Mostar in Herzegovina] by Sir John Gardner Wilkinson. (p33)</ref> It then replaced Italian altogether. In effect the government undertook culture genocide. For centuries the Italian language was the official language of the Dalmatian establishment. It was also the spoken language in white-collar, civil service and merchant families. <ref> Osnovna Škola "Vela Luka" Vela Luka Zbornik-150 Godina Školstva u Velaoj Luci (in Croatian-p8)

*He too referred to the Dalmatian Slavic dialect as Illirskee. Cited from [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=K7oAAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA256&dq=Statute+of+Curzola+korcula&hl=en&ei=ZAtdTJ7lF5ivcI-m3NsO&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CEMQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=naski&f=false Dalmatia and Montenegro: With a Journey to Mostar in Herzegovina] by Sir John Gardner Wilkinson. (p33)</ref> It then replaced Italian altogether. In effect the government undertook culture genocide. For centuries the Italian language was the official language of the Dalmatian establishment. It was also the spoken language in white-collar, civil service and merchant families. <ref> Osnovna Škola "Vela Luka" Vela Luka Zbornik-150 Godina Školstva u Velaoj Luci (in Croatian-p8)

* The Early Beginnings of Formal Education - Vela Luka (beginnings of literacy and Lower Primary School 1857 – 1870):

* The Early Beginnings of Formal Education - Vela Luka (beginnings of literacy and Lower Primary School 1857 – 1870):

"The article analyses the preparations for the foundation of the first regular primary school in Vela Luka (Vallegrande) based on numerous archival materials and bibliography. The school was founded as '''''Scuola Elementare Minore''''' in 1857. The introductory part examines a general context, i.e. development of Vela Luka as a town and a parish until the-mid 19th century. The article also gives a brief outline of formal education of girls."</ref> The process of creating a standardised Croatian language was incomplete. This is reflected in its labelling of the language as Croatian, Croatian-Serbo and the very unpopular Serbo-Croatian. This was a fundamental mistake made when political extremist ideology influenced decision-making regarding language and culture. It was an attempt at imitating Western imperial empire building egotism (a super Southern Slav State), which failed.

"The article analyses the preparations for the foundation of the first regular primary school in Vela Luka (Vallegrande) based on numerous archival materials and bibliography. The school was founded as '''''Scuola Elementare Minore''''' in 1857. The introductory part examines a general context, i.e. development of Vela Luka as a town and a parish until the-mid 19th century. The article also gives a brief outline of formal education of girls."</ref>  

 

The process of creating a standardised Croatian language was incomplete. This is reflected in its labelling of the language as Croatian, Croatian-Serbo and the very unpopular Serbo-Croatian. This was a fundamental mistake made when political extremist ideology influenced decision-making regarding language and culture. It was an attempt at imitating Western imperial empire building egotism (a super Southern Slav State), which failed.

   

   

A process of Croatisation of the Republic of Ragusa's history began in the 19th century and this process is still continuing today. This process happened firstly in relation to the Ragusan-Slavic history and later with the Ragusan-Italianic history.

A process of [[Croatisation]] of the Republic of Ragusa's history began in the 19th century and this process is still continuing today. This process happened firstly in relation to the Ragusan-Slavic history and later with the Ragusan-Italianic history. In relation to this Croatisation of history, '''Gianfrancesco Gondola''' (1589 -1638) a Baroque poet from Republic of Ragusa has become a Croatian Baroque poet called Ivan Gundulić from Dubrovnik, Croatia. Ivan Gundulic wrote many works in Italian and Slavic (today referred to as Croatian). One of these was the Slavic poem [http://books.google.com/books?id=J8coAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false Osman]. Interestingly, in 1967 his work was referred to as ''"The works of the greatest poet of early Yugoslav literature, Ivan Gundulić"'' taken from the book Dubrovnik by Bariša Krekić<ref>[http://www.google.com.au/search?hl=en&client=safari&rls=en&tbm=bks&q=Ivan+Gundulić+Osman+Dubrovnik+by+Bariša+Krekić&btnG=Search&oq=Ivan+Gundulić+Osman+Dubrovnik+by+Bariša+Krekić&aq=f&aqi=&aql=1&gs_sm=s&gs_upl=112466l114859l0l116566l2l2l0l0l0l0l820l820l6-1l1l0 Dubrovnik] by Bariša Krekić ''"The works of the greatest poet of early Yugoslav literature, Ivan Gundulic, 1589 — 1638, are the best testimony to this. His epic "Osman" ranks among the greatest masterpieces of early Slavic literature, and also among the most ..."''</ref>

In relation to this Croatisation of history Gianfrancesco Gondola (1589 -1638) a Baroque poet from Republic of Ragusa has become a Croatian Baroque poet called Ivan Gundulić from Dubrovnik, Croatia. Ivan Gundulic wrote many works in Italian and Slavic (today referred to as Croatian). One of these was the Slavic poem [http://books.google.com/books?id=J8coAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false Osman]. Interestingly, in 1967 his work was referred to as "The works of the greatest poet of early Yugoslav literature, Ivan Gundulic" taken from the book Dubrovnik by Bariša Krekić<ref>[http://www.google.com.au/search?hl=en&client=safari&rls=en&tbm=bks&q=Ivan+Gundulić+Osman+Dubrovnik+by+Bariša+Krekić&btnG=Search&oq=Ivan+Gundulić+Osman+Dubrovnik+by+Bariša+Krekić&aq=f&aqi=&aql=1&gs_sm=s&gs_upl=112466l114859l0l116566l2l2l0l0l0l0l820l820l6-1l1l0 Dubrovnik] by Bariša Krekić ''"The works of the greatest poet of early Yugoslav literature, Ivan Gundulic, 1589 — 1638, are the best testimony to this. His epic "Osman" ranks among the greatest masterpieces of early Slavic literature, and also among the most ..."''</ref>

==Notes and References==

==Notes and References==