Changes

*"Characteristics of a '''totalitarian regime'''; a total ideology, a single mass party, a terrorist secret police, a monopoly of mass communication, all instruments to wage combat are in the control of the same hands, and a centrally directed planned economy. Totalitarian dictatorships emerge after the seizure of power by the leaders of a movement who have developed support for an ideology. The point when the government becomes totalitarian is when the leadership uses open and legal violence to maintain its control. The dictator demands unanimous devotion from the people and often uses a real or imaginary enemy to create a threat so the people rally around him."</ref>  are political ideologies that dominated the history of the former Yugoslavia.<ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=4t5gBayTeDQC&pg=PA214&dq=Yugoslavia+Totalitarian+state&hl=en&ei=CJ_eS7HuF8uLkAXJxd3PBw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=9&ved=0CFYQ6AEwCDgU#v=onepage&q=Yugoslavia%20Totalitarian%20state&f=false Titoism in Action: The Reforms in Yugoslavia After 1948] ''by'' Fred Warner Neal. Second chapter (p 214)  

*"Characteristics of a '''totalitarian regime'''; a total ideology, a single mass party, a terrorist secret police, a monopoly of mass communication, all instruments to wage combat are in the control of the same hands, and a centrally directed planned economy. Totalitarian dictatorships emerge after the seizure of power by the leaders of a movement who have developed support for an ideology. The point when the government becomes totalitarian is when the leadership uses open and legal violence to maintain its control. The dictator demands unanimous devotion from the people and often uses a real or imaginary enemy to create a threat so the people rally around him."</ref>  are political ideologies that dominated the history of the former Yugoslavia.<ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=4t5gBayTeDQC&pg=PA214&dq=Yugoslavia+Totalitarian+state&hl=en&ei=CJ_eS7HuF8uLkAXJxd3PBw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=9&ved=0CFYQ6AEwCDgU#v=onepage&q=Yugoslavia%20Totalitarian%20state&f=false Titoism in Action: The Reforms in Yugoslavia After 1948] ''by'' Fred Warner Neal. Second chapter (p 214)  

*"In a totalitarian state, personal freedom and human rights invariably most at the hands of unrestrianed police activity. That Yugoslavia was no exception was admitted by [[Directory:Bleiburg Massacre Wikipedia#Aleksandar Rankovic|Aleksandar Rankovic]], himself head of secret police or State Security Administration. This organization is known in Yugoslavia as UDBA."</ref><ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=FeiKg3TuNl0C&pg=PA56&dq=titoism&client=safari&cd=9#v=onepage&q=titoism&f=false Yugoslavia's Bloody Collapse:] Causes, Course and Consequences by Christopher Bennett. (p56)

*"In a totalitarian state, personal freedom and human rights invariably most at the hands of unrestrianed police activity. That Yugoslavia was no exception was admitted by [[Directory:Bleiburg Massacre Wikipedia#Aleksandar Rankovic|Aleksandar Rankovic]], himself head of secret police or State Security Administration. This organization is known in Yugoslavia as UDBA."</ref><ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=FeiKg3TuNl0C&pg=PA56&dq=titoism&client=safari&cd=9#v=onepage&q=titoism&f=false Yugoslavia's Bloody Collapse:] Causes, Course and Consequences by Christopher Bennett. (p56)

* A British journalist who has the good fortune to speak both Slovenian, Croatian and Serbian, a skill that has enabled him to draw heavily on literature of the region that would be unavailable to most American or British journalists. </ref> Titoism as a ideology emerged after the Tito and Stalin split and was named after''' Josip Broz Tito'''. A single party, the ''Communist Party of Yugoslavia'' and its leader 'Josip Broz Tito', ruled the country.<ref>The League of Communists of Yugoslavia was the only legal party. Other parties were banned. Read the “CONSTITUTION OF THE SOCIALIST FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF YUGOSLAVIA”, adopted by the Federal People's Assembly April 7, 1963, at http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Yugoslavia_1963.doc</ref><ref>'''Encyclopaedia Britannica''': History & Society-Josip Broz Tito</ref><ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwone/yugoslavia_03.shtml BBC-History ''by'' Tim Judah]  

* "A British journalist who has the good fortune to speak both Slovenian, Croatian and Serbian, a skill that has enabled him to draw heavily on literature of the region that would be unavailable to most American or British journalists." </ref> Titoism as a ideology emerged after the Tito and Stalin split and was named after''' Josip Broz Tito'''. A single party, the ''Communist Party of Yugoslavia'' and its leader 'Josip Broz Tito', ruled the country.<ref>The League of Communists of Yugoslavia was the only legal party. Other parties were banned. Read the “CONSTITUTION OF THE SOCIALIST FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF YUGOSLAVIA”, adopted by the Federal People's Assembly April 7, 1963, at http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Yugoslavia_1963.doc</ref><ref>'''Encyclopaedia Britannica''': History & Society-Josip Broz Tito</ref><ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwone/yugoslavia_03.shtml BBC-History ''by'' Tim Judah]  

* "'''Tim Judah''' is a front line reporter for The Economist and author. A graduate of the London School of Economics and of the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University he worked for the [[BBC]] before becoming the Balkans correspondent for The Times and The Economist. Judah is also the author of the prize-winning The Serbs: History, Myth and the Destruction of Yugoslavia, published in 1997 by Yale University Press."</ref> It was a Totalitarian political system.  [[Directory:Josip Broz Tito|Josip Broz Tito]] was a member of the Soviet Police-NKVD and the Soviet Communist Party. The NKVD executed the rule of terror and political repression in and out of the Soviet Union.<ref>[http://www.fsu.edu/news/2007/09/11/gellately.book/ The Florida State University] FSU study on three of the 20th century's bloodiest rulers by historian Robert Gellately.</ref> Tito and his comrades set up KGB style police units in the former Yugoslavia (UDBA<ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=pV6sFB-KuU8C&pg=PA126&lpg=PA129&dq=History+of+the+literary+cultures+of+East-Central+Europe+UDBA&source=bl&ots=VdZ143-ajs&sig=Bop4of55CjpRgqVveDG_NEQi2bk&hl=en&ei=_3L-S5-uJdDIcaGDkO4J&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CBQQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=UDBA&f=false History of the Literary Cultures of East-Central Europe] by Marcel Cornis-Pope & John Neubauer.(p126)</ref><ref>Australia's Four Corners:UDBA activities in [[Australia]] from the 1960's- The Framed Croatian Six in Australia. [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=vyv9ShOL7HwC&pg=PT272&lpg=PT272&dq=abc+THE+FRAMED+CROATIAN+SIX++Croatians+in+Australia&source=bl&ots=oE4yDCmyGT&sig=3CAFMhhmPgvrUlKX2JAiseYAZFg&hl=en&ei=CCu4S5PRFMyLkAW327jJCQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CAYQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=The%20Framed%20Croatian%20Six%20in%20Australia&f=false  Croatians in Australia: Pioneers, Settlers and Their Descendants] by Ilija Sutalo</ref> and OZNA). These organisations conducted political repression on a grand scale.<ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?hl=en&lr=&id=Cn1b0hwln-oC&oi=fnd&pg=PA202&dq=Tito%27s+UDBA+activities+in+Australia+from+the+1960%27s&ots=GfmeK3KoMa&sig=hfTkJsqYV9nIZfm0vxJYwaWeUYA#v=onepage&q=&f=falseTransitional Justice in Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet Union] by Lavinia Stan. Chapter 9 (p202).  

* "'''Tim Judah''' is a front line reporter for The Economist and author. A graduate of the London School of Economics and of the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University he worked for the [[BBC]] before becoming the Balkans correspondent for The Times and The Economist. Judah is also the author of the prize-winning The Serbs: History, Myth and the Destruction of Yugoslavia, published in 1997 by Yale University Press."</ref> It was a Totalitarian political system.  [[Directory:Josip Broz Tito|Josip Broz Tito]] was a member of the Soviet Police-NKVD and the Soviet Communist Party. The NKVD executed the rule of terror and political repression in and out of the Soviet Union.<ref>[http://www.fsu.edu/news/2007/09/11/gellately.book/ The Florida State University] FSU study on three of the 20th century's bloodiest rulers by historian Robert Gellately.</ref> Tito and his comrades set up KGB style police units in the former Yugoslavia (UDBA<ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=pV6sFB-KuU8C&pg=PA126&lpg=PA129&dq=History+of+the+literary+cultures+of+East-Central+Europe+UDBA&source=bl&ots=VdZ143-ajs&sig=Bop4of55CjpRgqVveDG_NEQi2bk&hl=en&ei=_3L-S5-uJdDIcaGDkO4J&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CBQQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=UDBA&f=false History of the Literary Cultures of East-Central Europe] by Marcel Cornis-Pope & John Neubauer.(p126)</ref><ref>Australia's Four Corners:UDBA activities in [[Australia]] from the 1960's- The Framed Croatian Six in Australia. [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=vyv9ShOL7HwC&pg=PT272&lpg=PT272&dq=abc+THE+FRAMED+CROATIAN+SIX++Croatians+in+Australia&source=bl&ots=oE4yDCmyGT&sig=3CAFMhhmPgvrUlKX2JAiseYAZFg&hl=en&ei=CCu4S5PRFMyLkAW327jJCQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CAYQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=The%20Framed%20Croatian%20Six%20in%20Australia&f=false  Croatians in Australia: Pioneers, Settlers and Their Descendants] by Ilija Sutalo</ref> and OZNA). These organisations conducted political repression on a grand scale.<ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?hl=en&lr=&id=Cn1b0hwln-oC&oi=fnd&pg=PA202&dq=Tito%27s+UDBA+activities+in+Australia+from+the+1960%27s&ots=GfmeK3KoMa&sig=hfTkJsqYV9nIZfm0vxJYwaWeUYA#v=onepage&q=&f=falseTransitional Justice in Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet Union] by Lavinia Stan. Chapter 9 (p202).  

*"This book provides the most thorough and analytically sophisticated treatment yet available of this crucial topic. Mark Kramer, Cold War Studies Program, Harvard University."</ref><ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=3WLxbI1EhFAC&pg=PA312&dq=Josip+broz+tito+Cult+of+Personality&lr=#v=onepage&q=Josip%20broz%20tito%20Cult%20of%20Personality&f=false Great leaders, Great Tyrants Contemporary Views of World Rulers] by Arnold Blumberg:

*"This book provides the most thorough and analytically sophisticated treatment yet available of this crucial topic. Mark Kramer, Cold War Studies Program, Harvard University."</ref><ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=3WLxbI1EhFAC&pg=PA312&dq=Josip+broz+tito+Cult+of+Personality&lr=#v=onepage&q=Josip%20broz%20tito%20Cult%20of%20Personality&f=false Great leaders, Great Tyrants Contemporary Views of World Rulers] by Arnold Blumberg:

*“Virtually every [[Communists|communist]] system extinct or surviving at one point or another had a supreme leader who was both extraordinarily powerful and surrounded by a bizarre cult, indeed worship. In the past (or in a more traditional contemporary societies) such as cults were reserved for deities and associated with conventional religious behaviour and institutions. These cults although apparently an intrinsic part of communist dictatorships (at any rate at a stage in their evolution) are largely forgotten today.”

*“Virtually every [[Communists|communist]] system extinct or surviving at one point or another had a supreme leader who was both extraordinarily powerful and surrounded by a bizarre cult, indeed worship. In the past (or in a more traditional contemporary societies) such as cults were reserved for deities and associated with conventional religious behaviour and institutions. These cults although apparently an intrinsic part of communist dictatorships (at any rate at a stage in their evolution) are largely forgotten today.”

*“ Stalin, Mao, Castro, Ho Chi Minh, Kim Sung, Enver Hoxha, Ceascesu, Dimitrov, Ulbricht, Gottwald, '''[[Directory:Josip Broz Tito|'''Tito''']]''' and others all were the object of such cults. The prototypical cult was that of Stalin which was duplicated elsewhere with minor variations.(p377)

*“ Stalin, Mao, Castro, Ho Chi Minh, Kim Sung, Enver Hoxha, Ceascesu, Dimitrov, Ulbricht, Gottwald, '''[[Directory:Josip Broz Tito|'''Tito''']]''' and others all were the object of such cults. The prototypical cult was that of Stalin which was duplicated elsewhere with minor variations.(p377)

[[Communists|Communist]] political, historical and philosophical courses were all part of general education. They can be found in any Yugoslav primary school textbook from the 1970s. Encyclopaedias were written in the same style as the Great Soviet Encyclopedia.<ref>* William Benton, (publisher of the '''Encyclopedia Britannica'''), stated that concerning the 'Great Soviet Encyclopedia': ''"about the second edition of the encyclopedia that the encyclopedia had a political bias and claimed that its purpose was a propaganda weapon"''.</ref> They were used as a propaganda weapon to show the superiority of Titoism and the Socialist Yugoslavia to other societies and political systems.<ref>Democratic transition in Croatia: Value Transformation, Education & Media by Sabrina P. Ramet, Davorka Matic Chapter- History Teaching in the Time of Socialist Yugoslavia, (p198)</ref>

 

[[Communists|Communist]] political, historical and philosophical courses were all part of general education. They can be found in any Yugoslav primary school textbook from the 1970s. Encyclopaedias were written in the same style as the Great Soviet Encyclopedia.<ref>William Benton, (publisher of the '''Encyclopedia Britannica'''), stated that concerning the 'Great Soviet Encyclopedia': ''"about the second edition of the encyclopedia that the encyclopedia had a political bias and claimed that its purpose was a propaganda weapon"''.</ref> They were used as a propaganda weapon to show the superiority of Titoism and the Socialist Yugoslavia to other societies and political systems.<ref>Democratic transition in Croatia: Value Transformation, Education & Media by Sabrina P. Ramet, Davorka Matic Chapter- History Teaching in the Time of Socialist Yugoslavia, (p198)</ref>

[[Media]] and [[Art|arts]] were used as a powerful means of propaganda and were all placed under heavy censorship.<ref>[http://www.lse.ac.uk/collections/ASEN/ConferencePapers/Ms.%20Tamara%20Pavasovic%20Trost%20-%20A%20Personality%20Cult%20Transformed%20The%20Evolution%20of%20Tito’s%20Image%20in%20the%20Former%20Yugoslavia%201974%20-%202009.pdf A Personality Cult Transformed:] The Evolution of Tito’s Image in the Former Yugoslavia 1974 – 2009/Tamara Pavasovic Trost Ph.D. Candidate Department of Sociology Harvard University [[USA]]</ref><ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=4tSjNwjax4YC&pg=PA50&dq=Titoism+Totalitarianism&hl=en&ei=PRDmS4_dHsuIkAW92MjwDw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CD8Q6AEwBDgo#v=onepage&q=Titoism%20Totalitarianism&f=false Public Spheres After Socialism] by Angela Harutyunyan, Kathrin Horschelmann & Malcolm Miles</ref> Josip Broz Tito was the main subject. Images, monuments, towns, street names, endless awards were given and a never ending production of books, films and poetry<ref>[http://books.google.it/books?id=TjOsyebOTS8C&pg=PA152&dq=yugoslavia+tito+cult&lr=&as_brr=3#v=onepage&q=yugoslavia%20tito%20cult&f=false Death of the Father:] An Anthropology of the end in Political Authority by Di John Borneman.(p152)  

[[Media]] and [[Art|arts]] were used as a powerful means of propaganda and were all placed under heavy censorship.<ref>[http://www.lse.ac.uk/collections/ASEN/ConferencePapers/Ms.%20Tamara%20Pavasovic%20Trost%20-%20A%20Personality%20Cult%20Transformed%20The%20Evolution%20of%20Tito’s%20Image%20in%20the%20Former%20Yugoslavia%201974%20-%202009.pdf A Personality Cult Transformed:] The Evolution of Tito’s Image in the Former Yugoslavia 1974 – 2009/Tamara Pavasovic Trost Ph.D. Candidate Department of Sociology Harvard University [[USA]]</ref><ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=4tSjNwjax4YC&pg=PA50&dq=Titoism+Totalitarianism&hl=en&ei=PRDmS4_dHsuIkAW92MjwDw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CD8Q6AEwBDgo#v=onepage&q=Titoism%20Totalitarianism&f=false Public Spheres After Socialism] by Angela Harutyunyan, Kathrin Horschelmann & Malcolm Miles</ref> Josip Broz Tito was the main subject. Images, monuments, towns, street names, endless awards were given and a never ending production of books, films and poetry<ref>[http://books.google.it/books?id=TjOsyebOTS8C&pg=PA152&dq=yugoslavia+tito+cult&lr=&as_brr=3#v=onepage&q=yugoslavia%20tito%20cult&f=false Death of the Father:] An Anthropology of the end in Political Authority by Di John Borneman.(p152)  

== Ethnic cleansing, Concentration Camps and other post WW2 Camps ==

== Ethnic cleansing, Concentration Camps and other post WW2 Camps ==

Ethnic cleansing of [[Directory:Germany|Germans]], [[Hungary|Hungarians]] and [[Italy|Italians]] (Foibe massacres) were carried out in Yugoslavia.<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=RWZLZaxPUXQC&pg=PA17&dq=Communist+Retaliation+and+Persecution+on+Yugoslav+Territory+During+and+After+germans&lr=lang_en&cd=1#v=onepage&q&f=true Retaliation and Persecution on Yugoslav Territory During and After WWII Dr. Ph. Michael Portmann] -The following article deals with repressive measures undertaken by communist-dominated Partisan forces during and especially after WWII in order to take revenge on former enemies, to punish collaborators, and “people’s enemies“ and to decimate and eliminate the potential of opponents to a new, socialist Yugoslavia. The text represents a summary of a master thesis referring to the above-mentioned topic written and accepted at '''Vienna University''' in 2002.</ref><ref>[http://books.google.it/books?id=ykMVAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA138&lpg=PA138&dq=%22forty+days+of+Trieste%22&source=bl&ots=vV1YtYVNWt&sig=La9eWoqpk9YOCTXzBJ-zEAlHhK4&hl=it&ei=ixkbStyiHYuV_QbgxtnYDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2 Refugees in the Age of Total War] by Anna Bramwell. (p 138)</ref><ref>[http://books.google.be/books?id=hhD0R8DBr_UC&pg=PA89&vq=trieste&dq=%22In+Opicina,+after+a+bomb&source=gbs_search_s&cad=0 A Tragedy Revealed''] The Story of the Italian Population of Istria & Dalmatia by Arrigo Petacco & Konrad Eisenbichler. (p89)</ref><ref>[http://miran.pecenik.com/ts/balkan/balkan6.htm Where the Balkans Begin (The Slovenes in Triest-The Foiba Story)] by Bernard Meares-During the early Communist occupation in Trieste, Gorizia and the Littoral, and the 40 days of Communist rule in Trieste city, some 6000 arrests were made and the prisoners carried off to Communist-controlled areas.</ref> Referenced information below:

Ethnic cleansing of [[Directory:Germany|Germans]], [[Hungary|Hungarians]] and [[Italy|Italians]] (Foibe massacres) were carried out in Yugoslavia.<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=RWZLZaxPUXQC&pg=PA17&dq=Communist+Retaliation+and+Persecution+on+Yugoslav+Territory+During+and+After+germans&lr=lang_en&cd=1#v=onepage&q&f=true Retaliation and Persecution on Yugoslav Territory During and After WWII Dr. Ph. Michael Portmann]

* "The following article deals with repressive measures undertaken by communist-dominated Partisan forces during and especially after WWII in order to take revenge on former enemies, to punish collaborators, and “people’s enemies“ and to decimate and eliminate the potential of opponents to a new, socialist Yugoslavia. The text represents a summary of a master thesis referring to the above-mentioned topic written and accepted at '''Vienna University''' in 2002."</ref><ref>[http://books.google.it/books?id=ykMVAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA138&lpg=PA138&dq=%22forty+days+of+Trieste%22&source=bl&ots=vV1YtYVNWt&sig=La9eWoqpk9YOCTXzBJ-zEAlHhK4&hl=it&ei=ixkbStyiHYuV_QbgxtnYDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2 Refugees in the Age of Total War] by Anna Bramwell. (p 138)</ref><ref>[http://books.google.be/books?id=hhD0R8DBr_UC&pg=PA89&vq=trieste&dq=%22In+Opicina,+after+a+bomb&source=gbs_search_s&cad=0 A Tragedy Revealed''] The Story of the Italian Population of Istria & Dalmatia by Arrigo Petacco & Konrad Eisenbichler. (p89)</ref> <ref>[http://miran.pecenik.com/ts/balkan/balkan6.htm Where the Balkans Begin (The Slovenes in Triest-The Foiba Story)] by Bernard Meares:

*"During the early Communist occupation in Trieste, Gorizia and the Littoral, and the 40 days of [[Communists|Communist]] rule in Trieste city, some 6000 arrests were made and the prisoners carried off to Communist-controlled areas. When the Allies finally imposed their rule they found out about the Yugoslav execution squads. The more objective Italian historians and statisticians such as Galliano Fogar and Raoul Pupo point to between 1000 and 1800 [[Italy|Italians]] and [[Slovenia|Slovene]] victims. The '''Red Cross''' estimates that 2,250 failed to return , in rough agreement with Bogdan Novak who said in 1971 that 4200 Italians returned out of 6000 arrested."</ref>  

 

* Information from the Genocide and Crimes Against Humanity: Yugoslavia by Ed. Dinah L. Shelton. Gale Cengage, 2005:

{{Cquote|

{{Cquote|

In 1946 the Yugoslav Camps<ref>[http://www.mp.gov.si/fileadmin/mp.gov.si/pageuploads/2005/PDF/publikacije/Crimes_committed_by_Totalitarian_Regimes.pdf European Public Hearing on “Crimes Committed by Totalitarian Regimes"]  

In 1946 the Yugoslav Camps<ref>[http://www.mp.gov.si/fileadmin/mp.gov.si/pageuploads/2005/PDF/publikacije/Crimes_committed_by_Totalitarian_Regimes.pdf European Public Hearing on “Crimes Committed by Totalitarian Regimes"]  

Milko Mikola: COMMUNIST CONCENTRATION CAMPS AND LABOUR CAMPS IN SLOVENIA:  

Milko Mikola: COMMUNIST CONCENTRATION CAMPS AND LABOUR CAMPS IN SLOVENIA:  

</ref> held 117 485 folksdojcera (58 821 women, 32 214 men & 24 422 children).<ref>[http://74.125.155.132/scholar?q=cache:Xmg34OucoOoJ:scholar.google.com/++RESEARCH+OF+THE+PROBLEM+OF+BLEIBURG+AND+WAY+OF+THE+CROSS+++ZDRAVKO+DIZDAR+djeca+logor&hl=en&as_sdt=2000  Hrcak Portal of Scientific Journals of Croatia by Mr Dizdar's Scientific Journal - An Addition to the Research of the Problem of Bleiburg & Way of the Cross.]'''Page 66'''/Document page 182.</ref><ref>European Public Hearing on “Crimes Committed by Totalitarian Regimes".Page 154 Milko Mikola/Chapter: Communist Concentration Camps & Labour Camps in Slovenia</ref>  

</ref> held 117 485 folksdojcera (58 821 women, 32 214 men & 24 422 children).<ref>[http://74.125.155.132/scholar?q=cache:Xmg34OucoOoJ:scholar.google.com/++RESEARCH+OF+THE+PROBLEM+OF+BLEIBURG+AND+WAY+OF+THE+CROSS+++ZDRAVKO+DIZDAR+djeca+logor&hl=en&as_sdt=2000  Hrcak Portal of Scientific Journals of Croatia by Mr Dizdar's Scientific Journal - An Addition to the Research of the Problem of Bleiburg & Way of the Cross.]'''Page 66'''/Document page 182.</ref><ref>European Public Hearing on “Crimes Committed by Totalitarian Regimes". Milko Mikola/Chapter: Communist Concentration Camps & Labour Camps in Slovenia (p154)</ref>  

'''''Note A''''': Referenced information from '''European''' Public Hearing on: “Crimes Committed by Totalitarian Regimes". The European Public Hearing was organised by the [[Slovenia|Slovenian Presidency]] of the Council of the [[European Union]] (January–June 2008) and the European Commission.

'''''Note A''''': Referenced information from '''European''' Public Hearing on: “Crimes Committed by Totalitarian Regimes". The European Public Hearing was organised by the [[Slovenia|Slovenian Presidency]] of the Council of the [[European Union]] (January–June 2008) and the European Commission.

=== Goli Otok ===

=== Goli Otok ===

Goli Otok (Barren Island), a notorious prison gulag on the Croatian coast (former Yugoslavia’s Gulag). [[Directory:Austria|Austria-Hungarian]] government set up the prison during [[World War I|World War One]].  

Goli Otok (Barren Island), a notorious prison gulag on the Croatian coast (former Yugoslavia’s Gulag). [[Directory:Austria|Austro]]-Hungarian government set up the prison during [[World War I|World War One]].  

The communist authorities of Yugoslavia in 1949  made into a high-security, top secret prison and labour camp. Until 1956 it was used to incarcerate political prisoners. They included ''alleged'' enemies of the communist state, other Communist Party members, regular citizens accused of exhibiting any anti-communist behaviour and Stalinists.

The communist authorities of Yugoslavia in 1949  made into a high-security, top secret prison and labour camp. Until 1956 it was used to incarcerate political prisoners. They included ''alleged'' enemies of the communist state, other Communist Party members, regular citizens accused of exhibiting any anti-communist behaviour and Stalinists.

Inmates were regularly beaten and humiliated.<ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=FTw3lEqi2-oC&pg=PA179&dq=Andrija+Hebrang+purge&cd=4#v=onepage&q=goli%20otok&f=false The Three Yugoslavias: State-building and Legitimation, 1918-2005] by Sabrina P. Ramet. Page 377.</ref><ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=RIIX4PCkduwC&pg=PA377&dq=Discontents:+Postmodern+and+Post-communist+(2002)+tito.&hl=en&ei=-73DS_ikK4zk7APE7vGzCQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CDYQ6AEwAA#v=snippet&q=goli%20otok&f=false Discontents: Postmodern and Postcommunist] by Paul Hollander. Page 397</ref><ref>[http://www.goliotok.com/ Goli Otok: Yugoslavia’s Evil Island] Gulag Josip Zoretic-Political prisoner of the former Yugoslavia's most notorious prison.</ref><ref>Vera Winter–Croatian Economist. Political prisoner of the former Yugoslavia's prison, Goli Otok. BBC 4/Tito's Ghosts</ref><ref>Alfred Pal-Croatian Artist. Political prisoner of the former Yugoslavia's  prison, Goli Otok. BBC 4/Tito's Ghosts</ref> The prison inmates were forced to do heavy labour in a stone quarry. Other camps that were used by the regime are KPH Zenica, Stare Gradiska and Sveti Grgur.

Inmates were regularly beaten and humiliated.<ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=FTw3lEqi2-oC&pg=PA179&dq=Andrija+Hebrang+purge&cd=4#v=onepage&q=goli%20otok&f=false The Three Yugoslavias: State-building and Legitimation, 1918-2005] by Sabrina P. Ramet. (p377).</ref><ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=RIIX4PCkduwC&pg=PA377&dq=Discontents:+Postmodern+and+Post-communist+(2002)+tito.&hl=en&ei=-73DS_ikK4zk7APE7vGzCQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CDYQ6AEwAA#v=snippet&q=goli%20otok&f=false Discontents: Postmodern and Postcommunist] by Paul Hollander. (p397)</ref><ref>[http://www.goliotok.com/ Goli Otok: Yugoslavia’s Evil Island] Gulag Josip Zoretic-Political prisoner of the former Yugoslavia's most notorious prison.</ref><ref>[http://www.goliotok.com/ Goli Otok: Yugoslavia’s Evil Island Gulag]  '''Josip Zoretic'''-Political prisoner of the former Yugoslavia's most notorious prison. Goli Otok: Hell in the Adriatic (book) by Josip Zoretic</ref><ref>'''Vera Winter'''– Croatian Economist. Political prisoner of the former Yugoslavia's prison, [[Titoism and Totalitarianism#Goli Otok|Goli Otok]]. '''Interview''': BBC 4/Tito's Ghosts</ref><ref>'''Alfred Pal'''- Croatian [[Art|Artist]]. Political prisoner of the former Yugoslavia's  prison, Goli Otok. '''Interview''': BBC 4/Tito's Ghosts</ref>The prison inmates were forced to do heavy labour in a stone quarry. Other camps that were used by the regime are KPH Zenica, Stare Gradiska and Sveti Grgur.

Assassinations and ''purges'' were organised to eliminate individuals who were deemed anti-Yugoslavian or who were publicly critical of communism in Yugoslavia. Noted victims are Bruno Busic, Stjepan Djurekovic and Andrija Hebrang.<ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=B7dIAAAAYAAJ&q=Bruno+Busic+Assassination&dq=Bruno+Busic+Assassination&hl=en&ei=CgbVS83-KdCTkAX_ruWQDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CDMQ6AEwAA  Assassinations Commissioned by Belgrade: Documentation about the Belgrade] by Hans Peter Rullmann</ref><ref>Amnesty International Report, 1984 by Amnesty International. In July Stjepan Djurekovic, a Croatian emigre was shot dead, near Munich in [[Germany]]. Amnesty International received allegations that he had been killed by agents of the Yugoslav state security police.</ref>

Assassinations and ''purges'' were organised to eliminate individuals who were deemed anti-Yugoslavian or who were publicly critical of communism in Yugoslavia. Noted victims are Bruno Busic, Stjepan Djurekovic and Andrija Hebrang.<ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=B7dIAAAAYAAJ&q=Bruno+Busic+Assassination&dq=Bruno+Busic+Assassination&hl=en&ei=CgbVS83-KdCTkAX_ruWQDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CDMQ6AEwAA  Assassinations Commissioned by Belgrade: Documentation about the Belgrade] by Hans Peter Rullmann</ref><ref>Amnesty International Report, 1984 by Amnesty International. In July Stjepan Djurekovic, a Croatian emigre was shot dead, near Munich in [[Germany]]. Amnesty International received allegations that he had been killed by agents of the Yugoslav state security police.</ref>

The Government of the [[Slovenia|Republic of Slovenia]] (a former republic of Yugoslavia) created'' "Commission on Concealed Mass Graves in Slovenia"'' in 2005. In October 2009 they issued their report to the Government of Slovenia. Significant factual statements  came to light, concerning Yugoslavia in the aftermath of [[Second World War]]. The Jutarnji newspaper reported on the 01/10/2009 commissions find, in all it is estimated that there are 100 000 victims in 581 mass graves.<ref>[http://www.jutarnji.hr/u-581-grobnici-je-100-000-zrtava/310887/ www.jutarnji.hr]  U 581 Grobnici je 100.000 žrtava. [http://translate.google.com.au/translate?hl=en&sl=hr&u=http://www.jutarnji.hr/u-581-grobnici-je-100-000-zrtava/310887/&ei=8x3BS-n7MYH-6QP17L3CCQ&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CAcQ7gEwAA&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dhttp://www.jutarnji.hr/u-581-grobnici-je-100-000-zrtava/310887/%26hl%3Den%26client%3Dsafari%26rls%3Den-us English version-The Jutarnji newspaper reported on the 01/10/2009 commissions find, in all it is estimated that there are 100 000 victims in 581 mass graves]</ref> According to the Reports and Proceedings of the 8th of April European public hearing on “Crimes Committed by Totalitarian Regimes" the killings were executed by the Yugoslav Paritsian Army in 1945 and 1946. There was a large scale execution of people that were, guilty by association only and no trials.

The Government of the [[Slovenia|Republic of Slovenia]] (a former republic of Yugoslavia) created'' "Commission on Concealed Mass Graves in Slovenia"'' in 2005. In October 2009 they issued their report to the Government of Slovenia. Significant factual statements  came to light, concerning Yugoslavia in the aftermath of [[Second World War]]. The Jutarnji newspaper reported on the 01/10/2009 commissions find, in all it is estimated that there are 100 000 victims in 581 mass graves.<ref>[http://www.jutarnji.hr/u-581-grobnici-je-100-000-zrtava/310887/ www.jutarnji.hr]  U 581 Grobnici je 100.000 žrtava. [http://translate.google.com.au/translate?hl=en&sl=hr&u=http://www.jutarnji.hr/u-581-grobnici-je-100-000-zrtava/310887/&ei=8x3BS-n7MYH-6QP17L3CCQ&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CAcQ7gEwAA&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dhttp://www.jutarnji.hr/u-581-grobnici-je-100-000-zrtava/310887/%26hl%3Den%26client%3Dsafari%26rls%3Den-us English version-The Jutarnji newspaper reported on the 01/10/2009 commissions find, in all it is estimated that there are 100 000 victims in 581 mass graves]</ref> According to the Reports and Proceedings of the 8th of April European public hearing on “Crimes Committed by Totalitarian Regimes" the killings were executed by the Yugoslav Paritsian Army in 1945 and 1946. There was a large scale execution of people that were, guilty by association only and no trials.

Barbarin Rov is one of the many sites. Investigation of the site began August 2008. They found around 350 unidentified bodies. The victims, among were also women <ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=ZK2WE_2H3UEC&pg=PA168&dq=Bleiburg+massacre&hl=en&ei=kbsiTJ-MDIHJcc2kzIkF&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CDQQ6AEwAzge#v=onepage&q&f=false Identity Politics in the Age of Genocide:] The Holocaust and Historical ''by'' David B. MacDonald. Page 168.

Barbarin Rov is one of the many sites. Investigation of the site began August 2008. They found around 350 unidentified bodies. The victims, among were also women <ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=ZK2WE_2H3UEC&pg=PA168&dq=Bleiburg+massacre&hl=en&ei=kbsiTJ-MDIHJcc2kzIkF&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CDQQ6AEwAzge#v=onepage&q&f=false Identity Politics in the Age of Genocide:] The Holocaust and Historical ''by'' David B. MacDonald. (p168).

* "The Partisans also carried out massacres, best known being at Bleiburg (Austria), where retreating Croatian and Slovenian forces and their families were massacred."</ref> who were stripped naked before being killed. By November 2009, 726 bodies where removed from the site. In Tezno, a district of Slovenia's city Maribor, the remains of thousands of victims of purges were found.<ref>[http://www.spiegel.de/international/europe/0,1518,501058,00.html Forgotten Victims-Slovenian Mass Grave Could Be Europe's Killing Fields ] Spiegel Online 2007</ref> Kocevski Rog is a another site where thousands of people were executed.<ref>'''Encyclopaedia Britannica''':  

* "The Partisans also carried out massacres, best known being at Bleiburg (Austria), where retreating Croatian and Slovenian forces and their families were massacred."</ref> who were stripped naked before being killed. By November 2009, 726 bodies where removed from the site. In Tezno, a district of Slovenia's city Maribor, the remains of thousands of victims of purges were found.<ref>[http://www.spiegel.de/international/europe/0,1518,501058,00.html Forgotten Victims-Slovenian Mass Grave Could Be Europe's Killing Fields ] Spiegel Online 2007</ref> Kocevski Rog is a another site where thousands of people were executed.<ref>'''Encyclopaedia Britannica''':  

* "After the armistice the British repatriated more than 10,000 Slovene collaborators who had attempted to retreat with the Germans, and Tito had most of them massacred at the infamous Pits of Kocevje."</ref><ref>[http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/the-massacre-that-haunts-slovenia-967682.html www.independent.co.uk] The Independent.co.ukWorld/Europe.The Massacre That Haunts Slovenia.</ref>

* "After the armistice the British repatriated more than 10,000 Slovene collaborators who had attempted to retreat with the Germans, and '''Tito''' had most of them massacred at the infamous Pits of Kocevje."</ref><ref>[http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/the-massacre-that-haunts-slovenia-967682.html www.independent.co.uk] The Independent.co.ukWorld/Europe.The Massacre That Haunts Slovenia.</ref>

The British author John Corsellis, who served in [[Austria]] with the British Army, has written a historic book of these events, called ''"Slovenia 1945: Memories of Death and Survival after World War II"''.<ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=MyyGYKgUk94C&printsec=frontcover&dq=Memories+of+Death+and+Survival+after+World+War+II&hl=en&ei=oF-5S9zaLIHm7AO8lJCGCA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CDsQ6AEwAA#v=snippet&q=mass%20killings&f=false Slovenia 1945:] Memories of Death and Survival after World War II by John Corsellis & Marcus Ferrar. Pages 87, 204 & 250. </ref>

The British author John Corsellis, who served in [[Austria]] with the British Army, has written a historic book of these events, called ''"Slovenia 1945: Memories of Death and Survival after World War II"''.<ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=MyyGYKgUk94C&printsec=frontcover&dq=Memories+of+Death+and+Survival+after+World+War+II&hl=en&ei=oF-5S9zaLIHm7AO8lJCGCA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CDsQ6AEwAA#v=snippet&q=mass%20killings&f=false Slovenia 1945:] Memories of Death and Survival after World War II by John Corsellis & Marcus Ferrar. (p87, p204 & p250). </ref>

In neighbouring Croatia (a former republic of Yugoslavia) there are similar sites where mass murder was committed by Yugoslav Partisans. Jazovka is a pit that was rediscovered in 1990, after the fall of communism in Croatia. The pit is located in Zumberak and was already locally known. The bodies of of civilians and Croatian soldiers were dumped their during and after the Second World War.

In neighbouring Croatia (a former republic of Yugoslavia) there are similar sites where mass murder was committed by Yugoslav Partisans.<ref>'''Encyclopaedia Britannica''': Croatia</ref>

{{Cquote|'''Encyclopaedia Britannica''':''British commanders refused to accept their surrender and handed them over to the Partisans, who took a merciless revenge. Tens of thousands, including many civilians, were subsequently slaughtered on forced marches and in death camps.''}}  Jazovka is a pit that was rediscovered in 1990, after the fall of communism in Croatia. The pit is located in Zumberak and was already locally known. The bodies of of civilians and Croatian soldiers were dumped their during and after the Second World War.

In Mr Dizdar's ''Scientific Journal'' <ref>[http://hrcak.srce.hr/index.php?show=clanak&id_clanak_jezik=27516&lang=en Hrcak Portal of Scientific Journals of Croatia] by [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=hr&u=http://www.isp.hr/index.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26task%3Dview%26id%3D66%26Itemid%3D38&ei=VUn1SvGFEcaDkAXR0vmfAw&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CAgQ7gEwAA&prev=/search%3Fq%3DZdravko%2BDizdar%26hl%3Den%26client%3Dsafari%26rls%3Den-us Mr Dizdar's] '''Scientific Journal''' - An Addition to the Research of the Problem of Bleiburg & Way of the Cross.</ref> he stated, that Tito asked the ''"Croatian Home Guard"'' to surrender or face the consequences of not surrendering. After the war ended POWs who did not surrender were slaughter on mass, estimates are about 100 000 victims in total.

In Mr Dizdar's ''Scientific Journal'' <ref>[http://hrcak.srce.hr/index.php?show=clanak&id_clanak_jezik=27516&lang=en Hrcak Portal of Scientific Journals of Croatia] by [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=hr&u=http://www.isp.hr/index.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26task%3Dview%26id%3D66%26Itemid%3D38&ei=VUn1SvGFEcaDkAXR0vmfAw&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CAgQ7gEwAA&prev=/search%3Fq%3DZdravko%2BDizdar%26hl%3Den%26client%3Dsafari%26rls%3Den-us Mr Dizdar's] '''Scientific Journal''' - An Addition to the Research of the Problem of Bleiburg & Way of the Cross.</ref> he stated, that Tito asked the ''"Croatian Home Guard"'' to surrender or face the consequences of not surrendering. After the war ended POWs who did not surrender were slaughter on mass, estimates are about 100 000 victims in total.

These were the victims of the notorious ''Bleiburg massacre'' and ''Way of the Cross'' massacres.<ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwtwo/partisan_fighters_01.shtml#six BBC-History Partisans:] War in the Balkans 1941-1945. Dr Stephen A Hart is senior lecturer in war studies at the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst. He is the author of The Road to Falaise: Operations "Totalize" & "Tractable" (Alan Sutton, 2004), "Montgomery " and "Colossal Cracks": The 21st Army Group in Northwest Europe, 1944-45 (Praeger, 2000).</ref><ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=olpKYhgrS48C&pg=PA232&lpg=PA343&dq=tito+and+totalism&source=bl&ots=LNGYsznRx8&sig=iYLcH-77Q2qkDPHDIM0PGmB9glc&hl=en&ei=qWy5S_OvCMqOkQX-trn_DA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CAgQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Josip%20broz&f=false Totalitarian and Authoritarian Regimes in Europe] by Jerzy W. Borejsza, Klaus Ziemer, Magdalena Hułas & Instytut Historii. Page 232.</ref><ref>[http://www.ess.uwe.ac.uk/genocide/yugoslav-hist1.htm Yalta and The Bleiburg Tragedy] by C Michael McAdams/University of San Francisco, California-[[USA]]. Presented at the International Symposium for Investigation of the Bleiburg Tragedy Zagreb, Croatia and Bleiburg, Austria May 17 and 18, 1994.</ref><ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=vkpLh-XBcG0C&pg=PA29&dq=mass+killings+by+josip+broz+tito+croatia&hl=en&ei=JXXKS5WqCo7U7AP76o30Ag&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CEcQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q&f=false Croatians: Webster's Quotations, Facts and Phrases] by Inc Icon Group International</ref>

These were the victims of the notorious ''Bleiburg massacre'' and ''Way of the Cross'' massacres.<ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwtwo/partisan_fighters_01.shtml#six BBC-History Partisans:] War in the Balkans 1941-1945. Dr Stephen A Hart is senior lecturer in war studies at the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst. He is the author of The Road to Falaise: Operations "Totalize" & "Tractable" (Alan Sutton, 2004), "Montgomery " and "Colossal Cracks": The 21st Army Group in Northwest Europe, 1944-45 (Praeger, 2000).</ref><ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=olpKYhgrS48C&pg=PA232&lpg=PA343&dq=tito+and+totalism&source=bl&ots=LNGYsznRx8&sig=iYLcH-77Q2qkDPHDIM0PGmB9glc&hl=en&ei=qWy5S_OvCMqOkQX-trn_DA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CAgQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Josip%20broz&f=false Totalitarian and Authoritarian Regimes in Europe] by Jerzy W. Borejsza, Klaus Ziemer, Magdalena Hułas & Instytut Historii. (p232).</ref><ref>[http://www.ess.uwe.ac.uk/genocide/yugoslav-hist1.htm Yalta and The Bleiburg Tragedy] by C Michael McAdams/University of San Francisco, California-[[USA]]. Presented at the International Symposium for Investigation of the Bleiburg Tragedy Zagreb, Croatia and Bleiburg, Austria May 17 and 18, 1994.</ref><ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=vkpLh-XBcG0C&pg=PA29&dq=mass+killings+by+josip+broz+tito+croatia&hl=en&ei=JXXKS5WqCo7U7AP76o30Ag&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CEcQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q&f=false Croatians: Webster's Quotations, Facts and Phrases] by Inc Icon Group International</ref>

=== British Government representative ===

=== British Government representative ===

*Frank Waddams a British Government representative who had lived outside of Belgrade, said:  

*Frank Waddams a British Government representative who had lived outside of Belgrade, said:  

{{Cquote|''He knew first hand of ten concentration camps and had talked with inmates from nearly all of them. “ The tale is always the same, he said “ Starvation, overcrowding, brutality and death condition, which make Dachau and Buchenwald mild by comparison. Many Slovenes who were released from Dachau at the end of the war came home only to find themselves in a Slovene camp within a few days. It is from these people that the news has come that the camps are worse than Dachau.” Out of a Slovene population of 1,200,000, Waddams believes that 20,000 to 30,000 were imprisoned.'' <ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=N1j1QdPMockC&pg=PA354&lpg=PA354&dq=Frank+Waddams,+a+British+representative+who+had+lived+outside+of+Belgrade&source=bl&ots=0ogZwcLZau&sig=fTZXy1TLYBQBJnbyYCoeyZ61ABw&hl=en&ei=e13IStXNJZiQ6APPjMXKDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1#v=onepage&q=Frank%20Waddams%2C%20%20British%20representative%20who%20had%20lived%20outside%20of%20Belgrade&f=false Frank Waddams, a British representative in the former Yugoslavia] Death by Government by R. J. Rummel.Page 354. </ref>}}

{{Cquote|''He knew first hand of ten concentration camps and had talked with inmates from nearly all of them. “ The tale is always the same, he said “ Starvation, overcrowding, brutality and death condition, which make Dachau and Buchenwald mild by comparison. Many Slovenes who were released from Dachau at the end of the war came home only to find themselves in a Slovene camp within a few days. It is from these people that the news has come that the camps are worse than Dachau.” Out of a Slovene population of 1,200,000, Waddams believes that 20,000 to 30,000 were imprisoned.'' <ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=N1j1QdPMockC&pg=PA354&lpg=PA354&dq=Frank+Waddams,+a+British+representative+who+had+lived+outside+of+Belgrade&source=bl&ots=0ogZwcLZau&sig=fTZXy1TLYBQBJnbyYCoeyZ61ABw&hl=en&ei=e13IStXNJZiQ6APPjMXKDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1#v=onepage&q=Frank%20Waddams%2C%20%20British%20representative%20who%20had%20lived%20outside%20of%20Belgrade&f=false Frank Waddams, a British representative in the former Yugoslavia] Death by Government by R. J. Rummel.(p354). </ref>}}

*British Consulate, Ljubljana to British Ambassador Belgrade, 22 August 1947:  

*British Consulate, Ljubljana to British Ambassador Belgrade, 22 August 1947:  

On the 23rd of April in 1948, in a speech [[Directory:Harry S. Truman|Harry Truman]] (the President of [[USA]]) stated:

On the 23rd of April in 1948, in a speech [[Directory:Harry S. Truman|Harry Truman]] (the President of [[USA]]) stated:

{{Cquote|''I am told that Tito murdered more than 400 000 of the opposition in Yugoslavia before he got himself established there as a dictator.''<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=-Xkv7ym8hDYC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Keeping+Tito+Afloat:+The+United+States,+Yugoslavia,+and+the+Cold+War&client=safari&cd=1#v=snippet&q=%20tito%20trade%20papers%20four%20hundred%20thousand&f=false Keeping Tito Afloat] by Lorraine M. Lees: Tito Afloat draws upon newly '''declassified documents''' to show the critical role that Yugoslavia played in U.S. foreign policy with the communist world in the early years of the Cold War. After World War II, the [[United States]] considered Yugoslavia to be a loyal Soviet satellite, but Tito surprised the West in 1948 by breaking with Stalin. Seizing this opportunity, the Truman administration sought to "keep Tito afloat" by giving him military and economic aid.</ref><ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=SekQBzQMteEC&printsec=frontcover&dq=josip+broz+Tito++harry+truman&source=gbs_book_other_versions#v=snippet&q=Tito%20&f=falsee Woodrow Wilson and Harry Truman:] Mission and Power in American Foreign Policy by Anne R. Pierce. Page 219</ref>}}

{{Cquote|''I am told that Tito murdered more than 400 000 of the opposition in Yugoslavia before he got himself established there as a dictator.''<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=-Xkv7ym8hDYC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Keeping+Tito+Afloat:+The+United+States,+Yugoslavia,+and+the+Cold+War&client=safari&cd=1#v=snippet&q=%20tito%20trade%20papers%20four%20hundred%20thousand&f=false Keeping Tito Afloat] by Lorraine M. Lees: Tito Afloat draws upon newly '''declassified documents''' to show the critical role that Yugoslavia played in U.S. foreign policy with the communist world in the early years of the Cold War. After World War II, the [[United States]] considered Yugoslavia to be a loyal Soviet satellite, but Tito surprised the West in 1948 by breaking with Stalin. Seizing this opportunity, the Truman administration sought to "keep Tito afloat" by giving him military and economic aid.</ref><ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=SekQBzQMteEC&printsec=frontcover&dq=josip+broz+Tito++harry+truman&source=gbs_book_other_versions#v=snippet&q=Tito%20&f=falsee Woodrow Wilson and Harry Truman:] Mission and Power in American Foreign Policy by Anne R. Pierce. (p219)</ref>}}

====Franjo Tudman, Janez Jansa and Milovan Djilas ====

====Franjo Tudman, Janez Jansa and Milovan Djilas ====

Franjo Tudman who was the first President of Croatia, was sentenced to  prison for his political activities in the former Yugoslavia.<ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=GPQKYuWisi0C&pg=PA111&dq=Franjo+Tudman+imprisoned&hl=en&ei=NRnVS_-iOo-gkQXbmJGPDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CEMQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=Franjo%20Tudman%20imprisoned&f=false The Breakup of Yugoslavia and the War in Bosnia ] by Carole Rogel</ref>  Janez Jansa the Prime Minister of [[Slovenia]] was sentenced to  prison for his political activities in the former Yugoslavia. Milovan Djilas a prominent Yugoslav Communist politician, latter theorist and author was imprisoned by the Yugoslav Government for being critical of the regime.<ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=GkBmdCwHuDsC&pg=PA94&dq=Dilas+purges&cd=1#v=onepage&q=Dilas%20purges&f=false The Road to War in Serbia:] Trauma and Catharsis by Nebojsa Popov & Drinka Gojkovic</ref>

Franjo Tudman who was the first President of Croatia, was sentenced to  prison for his political activities in the former Yugoslavia.<ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=GPQKYuWisi0C&pg=PA111&dq=Franjo+Tudman+imprisoned&hl=en&ei=NRnVS_-iOo-gkQXbmJGPDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CEMQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=Franjo%20Tudman%20imprisoned&f=false The Breakup of Yugoslavia and the War in Bosnia ] by Carole Rogel</ref>  Janez Jansa the Prime Minister of [[Slovenia]] was sentenced to  prison for his political activities in the former Yugoslavia. Milovan Djilas a prominent Yugoslav Communist politician, latter theorist and author was imprisoned by the Yugoslav Government for being critical of the regime.<ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=GkBmdCwHuDsC&pg=PA94&dq=Dilas+purges&cd=1#v=onepage&q=Dilas%20purges&f=false The Road to War in Serbia:] Trauma and Catharsis by Nebojsa Popov & Drinka Gojkovic</ref>

Reports and proceedings of the 8th of April European public hearing on “Crimes Committed by Totalitarian Regimes”,<ref>[http://internationallawobserver.eu/2009/06/22/responding-to-post-second-world-war-totalitarian-crimes-in-slovenia/ International Law Observer] Responding to post-Second World War totalitarian crimes in Slovenia

Reports and proceedings of the 8th of April European public hearing on “Crimes Committed by Totalitarian Regimes”,<ref>[http://internationallawobserver.eu/2009/06/22/responding-to-post-second-world-war-totalitarian-crimes-in-slovenia/ International Law Observer] Responding to post-Second World War totalitarian crimes in Slovenia

Posted on June 22, 2009 by Jernej Letnar Cernic</ref> organised by the Slovenian Presidency of the Council of the [[European Union]] (January–June 2008) and the European Commission, stated the following:

Posted on June 22, 2009 by Jernej Letnar Cernic</ref> organised by the Slovenian Presidency of the Council of the [[European Union]] (January–June 2008) and the '''European Commission'''<ref>[http://europa.eu/institutions/inst/comm/index_en.htm The European Commission:]

*"The Commission is independent of national governments. Its job is to represent and uphold the interests of the EU as a whole. It drafts proposals for new European laws, which it presents to the European Parliament and the Council. It is also the EU’s executive arm – in other words, it is responsible for implementing the decisions of Parliament and the Council. That means managing the day-to-day business of the European Union: implementing its policies, running its programmes and spending its funds. Like the Parliament and Council, the European Commission was set up in the 1950s under the EU’s founding treaties."</ref>, stated the following:

'''(a)''' Totalitarian machines  

'''(a)''' Totalitarian machines  

*"Property was confiscated, inhabitants were expelled from Slovenia/Yugoslavia and their residences, political and show trials were carried out, religion was repressed and the Catholic Church and its clergy were persecuted. At the beginning of the 1950s, Communist rule in Slovenia abandoned these forms of repression but was ready to reapply them if it felt threatened."  

*"Property was confiscated, inhabitants were expelled from Slovenia/Yugoslavia and their residences, political and show trials were carried out, religion was repressed and the Catholic Church and its clergy were persecuted. At the beginning of the 1950s, Communist rule in Slovenia abandoned these forms of repression but was ready to reapply them if it felt threatened."  

*"Thus the regime set up political and show trials against certain more visible opponents later. In the case of an “emergency situation”, even the establishment of concentration camps was planned in Slovenia in 1968, where around 1,000 persons, of whom 10 % were women, would be interned for political reasons." '''Page 161'''

*"Thus the regime set up political and show trials against certain more visible opponents later. In the case of an “emergency situation”, even the establishment of concentration camps was planned in Slovenia in 1968, where around 1,000 persons, of whom 10 % were women, would be interned for political reasons. (p161)

</ref>

</ref>

====Additional:====

====Additional:====

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{{Cquote|'''(b)''' Mass killings without court trials:<ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=qMZaPjrHqYYC&pg=PA283&dq=josip+broz+tito&hl=en&ei=BGf-S66gBMWrcc3wnZcK&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CDkQ6AEwBDge#v=onepage&q=josip%20broz%20tito&f=false Balkan Strongmen:] Dictators and Authoritarian Rulers of South Eastern Europe ''by'' Bernd Jurgen Fischer. Page 283</ref>  

{{Cquote|'''(b)''' Mass killings without court trials:<ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=qMZaPjrHqYYC&pg=PA283&dq=josip+broz+tito&hl=en&ei=BGf-S66gBMWrcc3wnZcK&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CDkQ6AEwBDge#v=onepage&q=josip%20broz%20tito&f=false Balkan Strongmen:] Dictators and Authoritarian Rulers of South Eastern Europe ''by'' Bernd Jurgen Fischer. (p283)</ref>  

''“The Main Headquarters of the Yugoslav Army had already called attention to respecting the ''Geneva Convention'' on 3rd of  May in its order on the treatment of prisoners of war. However, despite this injunction, both prisoners of war and civilians were killed on mass at the end of May and in the first half of June 1945 in Slovenia. Tito’s telegram on respecting the Geneva Convention was later revoked; however, it could only be revoked by the person who issued it in the first place, i.e. Tito himself.''<ref> [http://www.mp.gov.si/fileadmin/mp.gov.si/pageuploads/2005/PDF/publikacije/Crimes_committed_by_Totalitarian_Regimes.pdf European Public Hearing on “Crimes Committed by Totalitarian Regimes"] Ref: Milko Mikola Crimes Committed by Totalitarian Regimes. Chapter 3. Mass killings without court trials  

''“The Main Headquarters of the Yugoslav Army had already called attention to respecting the ''Geneva Convention'' on 3rd of  May in its order on the treatment of prisoners of war. However, despite this injunction, both prisoners of war and civilians were killed on mass at the end of May and in the first half of June 1945 in Slovenia. Tito’s telegram on respecting the Geneva Convention was later revoked; however, it could only be revoked by the person who issued it in the first place, i.e. Tito himself.''<ref> [http://www.mp.gov.si/fileadmin/mp.gov.si/pageuploads/2005/PDF/publikacije/Crimes_committed_by_Totalitarian_Regimes.pdf European Public Hearing on “Crimes Committed by Totalitarian Regimes"] Ref: Milko Mikola Crimes Committed by Totalitarian Regimes. Chapter 3. Mass killings without court trials  

Page 163.</ref> (page 163.)}}

(p163).</ref> (page 163.)}}

{{Cquote|'''(c)'''  ''Mystifying the crimes of the occupiers, Titoism covered its own crimes. The taboo to hide the  crimes of Titoism was meant to conceal the War-time and post-War murders of civilians and prisoners of war without trials. Their graves were levelled and in Slovenia it was forbidden to talk about their fate. Repressive organs controlled the burials sites and the living were strictly forbidden to mention the victims or the graves. The so-called system of preserving and developing revolutionary heritage was used by the [[Communists|Communist Party]] to implement a '''monopoly''' on the truth.'' (page 201.)}}

{{Cquote|'''(c)'''  ''Mystifying the crimes of the occupiers, Titoism covered its own crimes. The taboo to hide the  crimes of Titoism was meant to conceal the War-time and post-War murders of civilians and prisoners of war without trials. Their graves were levelled and in Slovenia it was forbidden to talk about their fate. Repressive organs controlled the burials sites and the living were strictly forbidden to mention the victims or the graves. The so-called system of preserving and developing revolutionary heritage was used by the [[Communists|Communist Party]] to implement a '''monopoly''' on the truth.'' (page 201.)}}

* [http://europa.eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=MEMO/08/230&type=HTML&aged=0&language=EN&guiLanguage=en EUROPA EU. Press Releases-Brussels for CRIMES COMMITTED BY TOTALITARIAN REGIMES]

* [http://europa.eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=MEMO/08/230&type=HTML&aged=0&language=EN&guiLanguage=en EUROPA EU. Press Releases-Brussels for CRIMES COMMITTED BY TOTALITARIAN REGIMES]

* [http://www.cmj.hr/2009/50/3/19480024.htm Croatian Medical Journal]: Identification of Skeletal Remains of Communist Armed Forces ''Victims'' During and After [[World War II]]

* [http://www.cmj.hr/2009/50/3/19480024.htm Croatian Medical Journal]: Identification of Skeletal Remains of Communist Armed Forces ''Victims'' During and After [[World War II]]

* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kspj_4TcjOQ&feature=related BBC 4]:  ''' Internal Security''' of the Former Yugoslavia - Mitja Ribicic (Interview).

* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kspj_4TcjOQ&feature=related BBC 4]:  ''' Internal Security''' of the Former Yugoslavia - Mitja Ribicic (Interview).

* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d2uvudCq2q8&feature=PlayList&p=1DFEA72867B14F6F&playnext=1&playnext_from=PL&index=1 BBC 4]: Croatian Physicist, Philosopher, Writer, Playwright, Peace Activist Humanist & former Yugoslav Partizan - Ivan Supek (Interview).

* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d2uvudCq2q8&feature=PlayList&p=1DFEA72867B14F6F&playnext=1&playnext_from=PL&index=1 BBC 4]: Croatian Physicist, Philosopher, Writer, Playwright, Peace Activist Humanist & former Yugoslav Partizan - Ivan Supek (Interview).