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New page: {{Infobox Music genre |name=Contemporary R&B |bgcolor=#0000E1 |color=white |stylistic_origins=Funk<br />Soul<br />Rhythm and blues<br />[[Hip hop music|Hi...
{{Infobox Music genre
|name=Contemporary R&B
|bgcolor=#0000E1
|color=white
|stylistic_origins=[[Funk music|Funk]]<br />[[Soul music|Soul]]<br />[[Rhythm and blues]]<br />[[Hip hop music|Hip hop]]
|cultural_origins=Early 1980s [[North America]]; [[New York City|New York]], [[Los Angeles]], [[Montreal]], [[Atlanta]], [[Chicago]], [[Toronto]], [[Houston]]
|instruments=[[Synthesizer]]s - [[musical keyboard|Keyboard]] - [[Drum machine]] - [[Synclavier]]
|popularity=Moderate since 1980s worldwide, especially in recent years in the United States and the United Kingdom.
|derivatives=
|subgenrelist=List of R&B genres
|subgenres=[[Quiet storm]]
|fusiongenres=[[New jack swing]] – [[Hip hop soul]] – [[Neo soul]] – [[2-step garage|2-step]] – [[R&B Punk]] - [[Rhythm & grime|Rhythm & Grime]] – [[Crunk&B]] - [[Snap & B]]
|regional_scenes=
|other_topics=[[List of R&B musicians|Musicians]]
}}
'''Contemporary R&B''' (also known as simply '''R&B''') is a music genre that combines elements of hip hop and R&B.
Although the abbreviation “R&B” originates from traditional [[rhythm and blues]] music, today the term ''R&B'' is most often used to describe a style of [[African American]] music originating after the demise of [[disco]] in the 1980s. Some sources refer to the style as '''[[urban contemporary]]''' (the name of the [[radio format]] that plays hip hop and contemporary R&B). ''R&B'' has also been used to refer to ''rhythm & bass''
Contemporary R&B has a polished [[record production]] style, [[drum machine]]-backed rhythms, an occasional [[saxophone]]-laced [[Beat (music)|beat]] to give a [[jazz]] feel (mostly common in contemporary R&B songs prior to the year 1993), and a smooth, lush style of vocal arrangement. Electronic influences are becoming an increasing trend in contemporary R&B, and the use of hip hop-inspired beats are typical, although the roughness and grit inherent in hip hop may be reduced and smoothed out. Contemporary R&B vocalists are often known for their use of [[melisma]], popularized by vocalists such as [[Stevie Wonder]]<ref>{{cite web | last = | first = | authorlink = | coauthors = | title = R&B | work = | publisher = | date = | url = http://www.kustombeats.com/r_b.html | format = | doi = | accessdate = }}</ref>, [[Whitney Houston]]<ref>{{cite web | last = | first = | authorlink = | coauthors = | title = R&B | work = | publisher = | date = | url = http://www.kustombeats.com/r_b.html | format = | doi = | accessdate = }}</ref><ref name=TheNewYorker-Apr2006>{{cite web | last = Frere-Jones | first = Sasha | authorlink = | coauthors = | title = On Top: Mariah Carey's record-breaking career | work = [[The New Yorker]] | publisher = [[CondéNet]] | date = April 3, 2006 | url = http://www.newyorker.com/critics/music/?060403crmu_music | format = | doi = | accessdate = 2008-08-30 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | last = | first = | authorlink = | coauthors = | title = Whitney Houston Syndrome | work = | publisher = | date = | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=GV2Tc_qnBmUC&pg=RA1-PA2001&dq=Whitney+Houston&lr=&as_brr=3&hl=ru&sig=trJHo3EWjdFx1udvDZHcanJF36A#v=onepage&q=Whitney%20Houston&f=false | format = | doi = | accessdate = }}</ref> and [[Mariah Carey]].<ref name=TheVillageVoice-Feb2003>{{Citation | last = | first = | author-link = | last2 = | first2 = | author2-link = | title = "Vision of Love" sets off melisma trend | newspaper = [[The Village Voice]] | pages = | year = | date = February 4, 2003 | url = }}</ref><ref name=TheNewYorker-Apr2006>{{cite web | last = Frere-Jones | first = Sasha | authorlink = | coauthors = | title = On Top: Mariah Carey's record-breaking career | work = [[The New Yorker]] | publisher = [[CondéNet]] | date = April 3, 2006 | url = http://www.newyorker.com/critics/music/?060403crmu_music | format = | doi = | accessdate = 2008-08-30 }}</ref><ref name=RollingStone-Nov2008>{{cite web | last = | first = | authorlink = | coauthors = | title = The 100 Greatest Singer of All Time : Rolling Stone | work = [[Rolling Stone]] | publisher = | date = November 12, 2008 | url = http://www.rollingstone.com/news/coverstory/greatestsingers/page/79 | format = | doi = | accessdate = 2008-11-22 }}</ref>
==History==
Contemporary R&B originated in the 1980s, when musicians started adding [[disco]]-like beats, high-tech production, and elements of [[hip hop|music]], [[soul music|soul]] and [[funk]] to [[rhythm and blues]], making it more danceable and modern.<ref name="Rhythms and Rhymes">{{Citation | last = Gazzah | first = Miriam | title = Rhythms and Rhymes of Life: music and Identification Processes of Dutch-Moroccan Youth | publisher = Amsterdam University Press | year = 2008 | pages = 98 | isbn = 9789089640628}}</ref> The top mainstream R&B artists of 1980 included [[Michael Jackson]], [[Prince (musician)|Prince]], [[Jermaine Jackson]], [[The Whispers]], [[The S.O.S. Band]], [[Stevie Wonder]], [[Kool & the Gang]], [[Yarbrough and Peoples]], [[Smokey Robinson]], [[Rick James]], [[Diana Ross]], [[Lionel Richie]], [[Earth, Wind & Fire]], [[Dazz Band]], [[Evelyn King]], [[Marvin Gaye]], [[Mtume]], [[DeBarge]], [[Midnight Star]], and [[Freddie Jackson]].<ref name="The New Blue Music">{{Citation | last = Ripani | first = Richard J. | title = The New Blue Music: Changes in Rhythm & Blues, 1950-1999 | publisher = Univ. Press of Mississippi | year = 2006 | pages = 130–155, 186-188 | isbn = 1578068622}}</ref>
In the mid-1980s, many of the recordings by artists Gaye, [[Luther Vandross]], [[Freddie Jackson]], [[Anita Baker]], [[Teddy Pendergrass]], [[Peabo Bryson]] and others became known as ''[[quiet storm]]''.<ref name="The New Blue Music"/> The term had originated with Smokey Robinson's 1975 album ''[[A Quiet Storm]]''. Quiet storm has been described as "R&B's answer to [[soft rock]] and [[adult contemporary]]—while it was primarily intended for black audiences, quiet storm had the same understated dynamics, relaxed tempos and rhythms, and romantic sentiment."<ref name="Allmusic guide to R&B">{{Citation | last = Bogdanov | first = Vladimir |coauthors= Chris Woodstra, Stephen Thomas Erlewine| title = The New Blue Music: Changes in Rhythm & Blues, 1950-1999 | publisher = Hal Leonard | year = 2003 | pages = xi, 114 | isbn = 9780879307448}}</ref>
[[Tina Turner]] made a comeback during the second half of the 1980s, while [[Whitney Houston]] and [[Janet Jackson]] broke into the pop music charts with a series of hits. Richard J. Ripani wrote that Janet Jackson's third studio album ''[[Control (Janet Jackson album)|Control]]'' (1986) was "important to the development of R&B for a number of reasons", as she and her producers, [[Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis]], "crafted a new sound that fuses the rhythmic elements of funk and disco, along with heavy doses of synthesizers, percussion, sound effects, and a rap music sensibility."<ref name="The New Blue Music"/> Ripani wrote that "the success of ''Control'' led to the incorporation of stylistic traits of rap over the next few years, and Janet Jackson was to continue to be one of the leaders in that development."<ref name="The New Blue Music"/> That same year, [[Teddy Riley (new jack swing)|Teddy Riley]] began producing R&B recordings that included hip hop influences. This combination of R&B style and hip hop rhythms was termed ''[[new jack swing]]'', and was applied to artists such as [[Bobby Brown]], [[Keith Sweat]], [[Guy (band)|Guy]], [[Jodeci]], and [[Bell Biv DeVoe]].
In the late 1980s, [[George Michael]] became one of Britain's best-known contemporary R&B musicians when his debut album ''[[Faith (George Michael album)|Faith]]'' (1987) went to the top of the R&B album charts in the [[United States]], making him the first white artist to achieve this honor. ''Faith'' featured a number of chart-topping singles, including the U.S. R&B #1 hit "[[One More Try (George Michael song)|One More Try]]". The album won several awards, including the [[Grammy Award for Album of the Year]]. Michael Jackson remained a prominent figure in the genre, following the release of his album ''[[Bad (album)|Bad]]'' (1987) which sold more than 30 million copies worldwide.<ref name="Bad 30 million copies">{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/7448908.stm|title=Pop Superstars turn 50|first=Mark|last=Savage|date=2008-08-29|accessdate=2008-11-25 | work=BBC News}}</ref> Janet Jackson's 1989 album ''[[Janet Jackson's Rhythm Nation 1814]]'' continued the development of contemporary R&B into the 1990s, as the album's title track "[[Rhythm Nation]]" made "use of elements from across the R&B spectrum, including use of a sample loop, triplet swing, rapped vocal parts and blues notes."<ref name="The New Blue Music"/>
=== 1990s ===
In the 1990s, [[Mariah Carey]]'s career originated in [[quiet storm]], with hit singles such as "[[Vision of Love]]" (1990), and "[[Love Takes Time]]" (1990) Also in the early 1990s, [[Whitney Houston]]'s quiet storm hit included "[[All the Man That I Need]]" (1990) and "[[I Will Always Love You]]" (1992).<ref name="The New Blue Music"/> Richard J. Ripani wrote that Carey and Houston, "both of whom rely heavily on the gospel music vocal tradition, display an emphasis on [[melisma]] that increased in R&B generally over the 1980s and 1990s."<ref name="The New Blue Music"/> Carey's "Vision of Love" is considered to be an extreme example of the use of melisma.<ref name="The New Blue Music"/> Also during the early 1990s, [[Boyz II Men]] re-popularized classic soul-inspired vocal harmonies. Michael Jackson incorporated [[new jack swing]] into his 1991 album ''[[Dangerous (album)|Dangerous]]'', with sales over 32 million.<ref name="Dangerous 32 million copies worldwide">{{cite news |title=Michael Jackson sulla sedia a rotelle |url=http://www.affaritaliani.it/entertainment/micheal-jackson110708.html |work=[[AffarItaliani.it]] |date=2008-07-11 |accessdate=2009-05-10}}</ref><ref name="New jack swing">{{cite news |first=Kelley L. |last=Carter |title=New jack swing |url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/features/arts/chi-5-things-0810aug10,0,1329158.story |work=[[Chicago Tribune]] |date=2008-08-11 |accessdate=2008-08-21 }}</ref>
In contrast to the works of Boyz II Men, [[Babyface (musician)|Babyface]] and similar artists, other R&B artists from this same period began adding even more of a hip hop sound to their work. The synthesizer-heavy rhythm tracks of new jack swing was replaced by grittier [[East Coast hip hop]]-inspired backing tracks, resulting in a genre labeled ''[[hip hop soul]]'' by producer [[Sean Combs]]. The style became less popular by the end of the 1990s, but later experienced a resurgence.
During the mid 1990s, Janet Jackson, Mariah Carey, [[TLC (band)|TLC]], [[SWV]] and Boyz II Men brought contemporary R&B to the mainstream. Jackson's self-titled fifth studio album ''[[janet.]]'' (1993), which came after her historic multi-million dollar contract with [[Virgin Records]], sold over ten million copies worldwide.<ref>{{Citation | last1 = Goldberg | first1 = M. | title = The Jacksons score big | page = 32 | newspaper = Rolling Stone | date = 1991-05-02 | issn = 0035791X}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |last1=Bickelhaupt |first1=Susan |last2= Dezell | first2=Maureen | title=Room with a private view | newspaper= The Boston Globe | page=26 | date=1996-01-13}}</ref> Boyz II Men and Carey recorded several [[Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]] #1 hits, including "[[Fantasy (Mariah Carey song)|Fantasy]]", "[[One Sweet Day]]", a collaboration between both acts, which became the longest-running #1 hit in Hot 100 history. Carey, Boyz II Men and TLC released albums in 1994 and 1995—''[[Daydream (Mariah Carey album)|Daydream]]'', ''[[II (Boyz II Men album)|II]]'' , and ''[[CrazySexyCool]]'' respectively — that sold over ten million copies, earning them diamond and also making them the best selling female R&B group of all time. [[RIAA certification]].
In the late 1990s, [[neo soul]], which added 1970s soul influences to the hip hop soul blend, arose, led by artists such as [[D'Angelo]], [[Erykah Badu]], [[Lauryn Hill]], and [[Maxwell (musician)|Maxwell]]. Hill and [[Missy Elliott]] further blurred the line between R&B and hip hop by recording both styles. Beginning in 1995, the [[Grammy Awards]] enacted the [[Grammy Award for Best R&B Album]], with ''[[II (Boyz II Men album)|II]]'' by Boyz II Men becoming the first recipient. The award was later received by TLC for ''CrazySexyCool'' in 1996, [[Tony Rich]] for ''Words'' in 1997, [[Erykah Badu]] for ''[[Baduizm]]'' in 1998 and Lauryn Hill for ''[[The Miseducation of Lauryn Hill]]'' in 1999. At the end of 1999, ''Billboard'' magazine ranked Mariah Carey and Janet Jackson as the first and second most successful artists of the 1990s.<ref>{{Citation | last1 = Mayfield | first1 = Geoff | title = Totally '90s: Diary of a decade | volume = 111 | issue = 112 | newspaper = Billboard | date = 1999-12-25 | issn = 00062510}}</ref>
===2000s===
The continued popularity of contemporary R&B is seen in the global success of established artists such as [[Beyoncé Knowles|Beyoncé]] and [[Usher (entertainer)|Usher]], whose careers began in the late 1990s and continued in the dawn of the new millennium. The year 2001, in particular its summer, has been described as a golden age for contemporary R&B and urban soul music, with artists such as [[Jill Scott]], [[Jennifer Lopez]] and [[Destiny's Child]], who paved the way for [[Alicia Keys]], [[Blu Cantrell]], and the revival of [[Aaliyah]].<ref name="Allmusic guide to R&B"/><ref name="Erlewine">Erlewine, Stephen Thomas. [http://allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=10:varvad1kl8w1 Review: ''So Blu'']. [[Allmusic]]. Retrieved on 2009-09-19.</ref> Keys's debut album, ''[[Songs in A Minor]]'', earned five [[44th Grammy Awards|Grammy Awards in 2002]], including [[Grammy Award for Best Female R&B Vocal Performance|Best Female R&B Vocal Performance]], [[Grammy Award for Best R&B Song|Best R&B Song]], [[Grammy Award for Best R&B Album|Best R&B Album]], [[Grammy Award for Best New Artist|Best New Artist]], and [[Grammy Award for Song of the Year|Song of the Year]] for "[[Fallin']];" while Aaliyah's self-titled third studio album ''[[Aaliyah (album)|Aaliyah]]'' was lauded as "one of the strongest urban soul records of its time."<ref>[http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=10:tw5f8qfpbtx4 Allmusic Aaliyah Review]</ref>
Stephen Thomas Erlewine considered the debut of [[Blu Cantrell]], ''[[So Blu]]'', to be "a wonderfully fresh recasting of contemporary soul and R&B."<ref name="Allmusic guide to R&B"/> Other emerging acts from the early 2000s include [[Ashanti (entertainer)|Ashanti]], [[Rihanna]] and [[Ciara]].<ref name="Rhythms and Rhymes"/> In ''Contemporary Black biography'' (2008), volume 65 of the series notes "Rihanna is the rare rhythm and blues (R&B) diva to emerge from the [[Caribbean]] world."<ref>{{Citation | title = Contemporary Black biography | publisher = [[Gale (Cengage)|Gale]]/University of Michigan | volume=65| year = 2008 | pages = 136 | isbn = 9780787695422}}</ref> Becoming an international sensation, she is known for blending R&B with [[Caribbean music]], such as [[reggae]] and [[dancehall]].<ref>{{Citation |last=Kuss|first=Malena | title = Music in Latin America and the Caribbean: an encyclopedic history | publisher = University of Texas Press | volume=2| year = 2004 | pages = 352 | isbn = 9780292709515}}</ref>
==References==
{{reflist}}
==See also==
* [[List of R&B musicians]]
* [[Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs]]
* [[List of the biggest selling R&B/Hip Hop albums of all time in the United States]]
{{Contemporary R&B-footer}}
[[Category:African American music]]
[[Category:Rhythm and blues music genres]]
[[bg:Съвременен R&B]]
[[cs:Contemporary R&B]]
[[de:Contemporary R&B]]
[[es:R&B contemporáneo]]
[[eo:Nuntempa ritmenbluso]]
[[fa:آر اند بی معاصر]]
[[fr:R'n'B contemporain]]
[[it:Contemporary R&B]]
[[nl:Urbanpop]]
[[pt:R&B contemporâneo]]
[[ru:Современный ритм-н-блюз]]
[[th:อาร์แอนด์บีร่วมสมัย]]
[[yo:Contemporary R&B]]
|name=Contemporary R&B
|bgcolor=#0000E1
|color=white
|stylistic_origins=[[Funk music|Funk]]<br />[[Soul music|Soul]]<br />[[Rhythm and blues]]<br />[[Hip hop music|Hip hop]]
|cultural_origins=Early 1980s [[North America]]; [[New York City|New York]], [[Los Angeles]], [[Montreal]], [[Atlanta]], [[Chicago]], [[Toronto]], [[Houston]]
|instruments=[[Synthesizer]]s - [[musical keyboard|Keyboard]] - [[Drum machine]] - [[Synclavier]]
|popularity=Moderate since 1980s worldwide, especially in recent years in the United States and the United Kingdom.
|derivatives=
|subgenrelist=List of R&B genres
|subgenres=[[Quiet storm]]
|fusiongenres=[[New jack swing]] – [[Hip hop soul]] – [[Neo soul]] – [[2-step garage|2-step]] – [[R&B Punk]] - [[Rhythm & grime|Rhythm & Grime]] – [[Crunk&B]] - [[Snap & B]]
|regional_scenes=
|other_topics=[[List of R&B musicians|Musicians]]
}}
'''Contemporary R&B''' (also known as simply '''R&B''') is a music genre that combines elements of hip hop and R&B.
Although the abbreviation “R&B” originates from traditional [[rhythm and blues]] music, today the term ''R&B'' is most often used to describe a style of [[African American]] music originating after the demise of [[disco]] in the 1980s. Some sources refer to the style as '''[[urban contemporary]]''' (the name of the [[radio format]] that plays hip hop and contemporary R&B). ''R&B'' has also been used to refer to ''rhythm & bass''
Contemporary R&B has a polished [[record production]] style, [[drum machine]]-backed rhythms, an occasional [[saxophone]]-laced [[Beat (music)|beat]] to give a [[jazz]] feel (mostly common in contemporary R&B songs prior to the year 1993), and a smooth, lush style of vocal arrangement. Electronic influences are becoming an increasing trend in contemporary R&B, and the use of hip hop-inspired beats are typical, although the roughness and grit inherent in hip hop may be reduced and smoothed out. Contemporary R&B vocalists are often known for their use of [[melisma]], popularized by vocalists such as [[Stevie Wonder]]<ref>{{cite web | last = | first = | authorlink = | coauthors = | title = R&B | work = | publisher = | date = | url = http://www.kustombeats.com/r_b.html | format = | doi = | accessdate = }}</ref>, [[Whitney Houston]]<ref>{{cite web | last = | first = | authorlink = | coauthors = | title = R&B | work = | publisher = | date = | url = http://www.kustombeats.com/r_b.html | format = | doi = | accessdate = }}</ref><ref name=TheNewYorker-Apr2006>{{cite web | last = Frere-Jones | first = Sasha | authorlink = | coauthors = | title = On Top: Mariah Carey's record-breaking career | work = [[The New Yorker]] | publisher = [[CondéNet]] | date = April 3, 2006 | url = http://www.newyorker.com/critics/music/?060403crmu_music | format = | doi = | accessdate = 2008-08-30 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | last = | first = | authorlink = | coauthors = | title = Whitney Houston Syndrome | work = | publisher = | date = | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=GV2Tc_qnBmUC&pg=RA1-PA2001&dq=Whitney+Houston&lr=&as_brr=3&hl=ru&sig=trJHo3EWjdFx1udvDZHcanJF36A#v=onepage&q=Whitney%20Houston&f=false | format = | doi = | accessdate = }}</ref> and [[Mariah Carey]].<ref name=TheVillageVoice-Feb2003>{{Citation | last = | first = | author-link = | last2 = | first2 = | author2-link = | title = "Vision of Love" sets off melisma trend | newspaper = [[The Village Voice]] | pages = | year = | date = February 4, 2003 | url = }}</ref><ref name=TheNewYorker-Apr2006>{{cite web | last = Frere-Jones | first = Sasha | authorlink = | coauthors = | title = On Top: Mariah Carey's record-breaking career | work = [[The New Yorker]] | publisher = [[CondéNet]] | date = April 3, 2006 | url = http://www.newyorker.com/critics/music/?060403crmu_music | format = | doi = | accessdate = 2008-08-30 }}</ref><ref name=RollingStone-Nov2008>{{cite web | last = | first = | authorlink = | coauthors = | title = The 100 Greatest Singer of All Time : Rolling Stone | work = [[Rolling Stone]] | publisher = | date = November 12, 2008 | url = http://www.rollingstone.com/news/coverstory/greatestsingers/page/79 | format = | doi = | accessdate = 2008-11-22 }}</ref>
==History==
Contemporary R&B originated in the 1980s, when musicians started adding [[disco]]-like beats, high-tech production, and elements of [[hip hop|music]], [[soul music|soul]] and [[funk]] to [[rhythm and blues]], making it more danceable and modern.<ref name="Rhythms and Rhymes">{{Citation | last = Gazzah | first = Miriam | title = Rhythms and Rhymes of Life: music and Identification Processes of Dutch-Moroccan Youth | publisher = Amsterdam University Press | year = 2008 | pages = 98 | isbn = 9789089640628}}</ref> The top mainstream R&B artists of 1980 included [[Michael Jackson]], [[Prince (musician)|Prince]], [[Jermaine Jackson]], [[The Whispers]], [[The S.O.S. Band]], [[Stevie Wonder]], [[Kool & the Gang]], [[Yarbrough and Peoples]], [[Smokey Robinson]], [[Rick James]], [[Diana Ross]], [[Lionel Richie]], [[Earth, Wind & Fire]], [[Dazz Band]], [[Evelyn King]], [[Marvin Gaye]], [[Mtume]], [[DeBarge]], [[Midnight Star]], and [[Freddie Jackson]].<ref name="The New Blue Music">{{Citation | last = Ripani | first = Richard J. | title = The New Blue Music: Changes in Rhythm & Blues, 1950-1999 | publisher = Univ. Press of Mississippi | year = 2006 | pages = 130–155, 186-188 | isbn = 1578068622}}</ref>
In the mid-1980s, many of the recordings by artists Gaye, [[Luther Vandross]], [[Freddie Jackson]], [[Anita Baker]], [[Teddy Pendergrass]], [[Peabo Bryson]] and others became known as ''[[quiet storm]]''.<ref name="The New Blue Music"/> The term had originated with Smokey Robinson's 1975 album ''[[A Quiet Storm]]''. Quiet storm has been described as "R&B's answer to [[soft rock]] and [[adult contemporary]]—while it was primarily intended for black audiences, quiet storm had the same understated dynamics, relaxed tempos and rhythms, and romantic sentiment."<ref name="Allmusic guide to R&B">{{Citation | last = Bogdanov | first = Vladimir |coauthors= Chris Woodstra, Stephen Thomas Erlewine| title = The New Blue Music: Changes in Rhythm & Blues, 1950-1999 | publisher = Hal Leonard | year = 2003 | pages = xi, 114 | isbn = 9780879307448}}</ref>
[[Tina Turner]] made a comeback during the second half of the 1980s, while [[Whitney Houston]] and [[Janet Jackson]] broke into the pop music charts with a series of hits. Richard J. Ripani wrote that Janet Jackson's third studio album ''[[Control (Janet Jackson album)|Control]]'' (1986) was "important to the development of R&B for a number of reasons", as she and her producers, [[Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis]], "crafted a new sound that fuses the rhythmic elements of funk and disco, along with heavy doses of synthesizers, percussion, sound effects, and a rap music sensibility."<ref name="The New Blue Music"/> Ripani wrote that "the success of ''Control'' led to the incorporation of stylistic traits of rap over the next few years, and Janet Jackson was to continue to be one of the leaders in that development."<ref name="The New Blue Music"/> That same year, [[Teddy Riley (new jack swing)|Teddy Riley]] began producing R&B recordings that included hip hop influences. This combination of R&B style and hip hop rhythms was termed ''[[new jack swing]]'', and was applied to artists such as [[Bobby Brown]], [[Keith Sweat]], [[Guy (band)|Guy]], [[Jodeci]], and [[Bell Biv DeVoe]].
In the late 1980s, [[George Michael]] became one of Britain's best-known contemporary R&B musicians when his debut album ''[[Faith (George Michael album)|Faith]]'' (1987) went to the top of the R&B album charts in the [[United States]], making him the first white artist to achieve this honor. ''Faith'' featured a number of chart-topping singles, including the U.S. R&B #1 hit "[[One More Try (George Michael song)|One More Try]]". The album won several awards, including the [[Grammy Award for Album of the Year]]. Michael Jackson remained a prominent figure in the genre, following the release of his album ''[[Bad (album)|Bad]]'' (1987) which sold more than 30 million copies worldwide.<ref name="Bad 30 million copies">{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/7448908.stm|title=Pop Superstars turn 50|first=Mark|last=Savage|date=2008-08-29|accessdate=2008-11-25 | work=BBC News}}</ref> Janet Jackson's 1989 album ''[[Janet Jackson's Rhythm Nation 1814]]'' continued the development of contemporary R&B into the 1990s, as the album's title track "[[Rhythm Nation]]" made "use of elements from across the R&B spectrum, including use of a sample loop, triplet swing, rapped vocal parts and blues notes."<ref name="The New Blue Music"/>
=== 1990s ===
In the 1990s, [[Mariah Carey]]'s career originated in [[quiet storm]], with hit singles such as "[[Vision of Love]]" (1990), and "[[Love Takes Time]]" (1990) Also in the early 1990s, [[Whitney Houston]]'s quiet storm hit included "[[All the Man That I Need]]" (1990) and "[[I Will Always Love You]]" (1992).<ref name="The New Blue Music"/> Richard J. Ripani wrote that Carey and Houston, "both of whom rely heavily on the gospel music vocal tradition, display an emphasis on [[melisma]] that increased in R&B generally over the 1980s and 1990s."<ref name="The New Blue Music"/> Carey's "Vision of Love" is considered to be an extreme example of the use of melisma.<ref name="The New Blue Music"/> Also during the early 1990s, [[Boyz II Men]] re-popularized classic soul-inspired vocal harmonies. Michael Jackson incorporated [[new jack swing]] into his 1991 album ''[[Dangerous (album)|Dangerous]]'', with sales over 32 million.<ref name="Dangerous 32 million copies worldwide">{{cite news |title=Michael Jackson sulla sedia a rotelle |url=http://www.affaritaliani.it/entertainment/micheal-jackson110708.html |work=[[AffarItaliani.it]] |date=2008-07-11 |accessdate=2009-05-10}}</ref><ref name="New jack swing">{{cite news |first=Kelley L. |last=Carter |title=New jack swing |url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/features/arts/chi-5-things-0810aug10,0,1329158.story |work=[[Chicago Tribune]] |date=2008-08-11 |accessdate=2008-08-21 }}</ref>
In contrast to the works of Boyz II Men, [[Babyface (musician)|Babyface]] and similar artists, other R&B artists from this same period began adding even more of a hip hop sound to their work. The synthesizer-heavy rhythm tracks of new jack swing was replaced by grittier [[East Coast hip hop]]-inspired backing tracks, resulting in a genre labeled ''[[hip hop soul]]'' by producer [[Sean Combs]]. The style became less popular by the end of the 1990s, but later experienced a resurgence.
During the mid 1990s, Janet Jackson, Mariah Carey, [[TLC (band)|TLC]], [[SWV]] and Boyz II Men brought contemporary R&B to the mainstream. Jackson's self-titled fifth studio album ''[[janet.]]'' (1993), which came after her historic multi-million dollar contract with [[Virgin Records]], sold over ten million copies worldwide.<ref>{{Citation | last1 = Goldberg | first1 = M. | title = The Jacksons score big | page = 32 | newspaper = Rolling Stone | date = 1991-05-02 | issn = 0035791X}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |last1=Bickelhaupt |first1=Susan |last2= Dezell | first2=Maureen | title=Room with a private view | newspaper= The Boston Globe | page=26 | date=1996-01-13}}</ref> Boyz II Men and Carey recorded several [[Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]] #1 hits, including "[[Fantasy (Mariah Carey song)|Fantasy]]", "[[One Sweet Day]]", a collaboration between both acts, which became the longest-running #1 hit in Hot 100 history. Carey, Boyz II Men and TLC released albums in 1994 and 1995—''[[Daydream (Mariah Carey album)|Daydream]]'', ''[[II (Boyz II Men album)|II]]'' , and ''[[CrazySexyCool]]'' respectively — that sold over ten million copies, earning them diamond and also making them the best selling female R&B group of all time. [[RIAA certification]].
In the late 1990s, [[neo soul]], which added 1970s soul influences to the hip hop soul blend, arose, led by artists such as [[D'Angelo]], [[Erykah Badu]], [[Lauryn Hill]], and [[Maxwell (musician)|Maxwell]]. Hill and [[Missy Elliott]] further blurred the line between R&B and hip hop by recording both styles. Beginning in 1995, the [[Grammy Awards]] enacted the [[Grammy Award for Best R&B Album]], with ''[[II (Boyz II Men album)|II]]'' by Boyz II Men becoming the first recipient. The award was later received by TLC for ''CrazySexyCool'' in 1996, [[Tony Rich]] for ''Words'' in 1997, [[Erykah Badu]] for ''[[Baduizm]]'' in 1998 and Lauryn Hill for ''[[The Miseducation of Lauryn Hill]]'' in 1999. At the end of 1999, ''Billboard'' magazine ranked Mariah Carey and Janet Jackson as the first and second most successful artists of the 1990s.<ref>{{Citation | last1 = Mayfield | first1 = Geoff | title = Totally '90s: Diary of a decade | volume = 111 | issue = 112 | newspaper = Billboard | date = 1999-12-25 | issn = 00062510}}</ref>
===2000s===
The continued popularity of contemporary R&B is seen in the global success of established artists such as [[Beyoncé Knowles|Beyoncé]] and [[Usher (entertainer)|Usher]], whose careers began in the late 1990s and continued in the dawn of the new millennium. The year 2001, in particular its summer, has been described as a golden age for contemporary R&B and urban soul music, with artists such as [[Jill Scott]], [[Jennifer Lopez]] and [[Destiny's Child]], who paved the way for [[Alicia Keys]], [[Blu Cantrell]], and the revival of [[Aaliyah]].<ref name="Allmusic guide to R&B"/><ref name="Erlewine">Erlewine, Stephen Thomas. [http://allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=10:varvad1kl8w1 Review: ''So Blu'']. [[Allmusic]]. Retrieved on 2009-09-19.</ref> Keys's debut album, ''[[Songs in A Minor]]'', earned five [[44th Grammy Awards|Grammy Awards in 2002]], including [[Grammy Award for Best Female R&B Vocal Performance|Best Female R&B Vocal Performance]], [[Grammy Award for Best R&B Song|Best R&B Song]], [[Grammy Award for Best R&B Album|Best R&B Album]], [[Grammy Award for Best New Artist|Best New Artist]], and [[Grammy Award for Song of the Year|Song of the Year]] for "[[Fallin']];" while Aaliyah's self-titled third studio album ''[[Aaliyah (album)|Aaliyah]]'' was lauded as "one of the strongest urban soul records of its time."<ref>[http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=10:tw5f8qfpbtx4 Allmusic Aaliyah Review]</ref>
Stephen Thomas Erlewine considered the debut of [[Blu Cantrell]], ''[[So Blu]]'', to be "a wonderfully fresh recasting of contemporary soul and R&B."<ref name="Allmusic guide to R&B"/> Other emerging acts from the early 2000s include [[Ashanti (entertainer)|Ashanti]], [[Rihanna]] and [[Ciara]].<ref name="Rhythms and Rhymes"/> In ''Contemporary Black biography'' (2008), volume 65 of the series notes "Rihanna is the rare rhythm and blues (R&B) diva to emerge from the [[Caribbean]] world."<ref>{{Citation | title = Contemporary Black biography | publisher = [[Gale (Cengage)|Gale]]/University of Michigan | volume=65| year = 2008 | pages = 136 | isbn = 9780787695422}}</ref> Becoming an international sensation, she is known for blending R&B with [[Caribbean music]], such as [[reggae]] and [[dancehall]].<ref>{{Citation |last=Kuss|first=Malena | title = Music in Latin America and the Caribbean: an encyclopedic history | publisher = University of Texas Press | volume=2| year = 2004 | pages = 352 | isbn = 9780292709515}}</ref>
==References==
{{reflist}}
==See also==
* [[List of R&B musicians]]
* [[Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs]]
* [[List of the biggest selling R&B/Hip Hop albums of all time in the United States]]
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