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New page: {{DISPLAYTITLE:Ghana}}__NOTOC__<center> == Ghana<br>https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/maps/gh-map.gif == {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" border="0" align="cent...
{{DISPLAYTITLE:Ghana}}__NOTOC__<center>
== Ghana<br>https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/maps/gh-map.gif ==
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| valign="middle" bgcolor="#cccccc" | '''Introduction'''
| valign="middle" bgcolor="#cccccc" | '''Ghana'''
|}
{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" border="0" align="center"
| <div align="right">Background:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | Formed from the merger of the British colony of the Gold Coast and the Togoland trust territory, '''Ghana''' in 1957 became the first sub-Saharan country in colonial Africa to gain its independence. Ghana endured a long series of coups before Lt. Jerry RAWLINGS took power in 1981 and banned political parties. After approving a new constitution and restoring multiparty politics in 1992, RAWLINGS won presidential elections in 1992 and 1996, but was constitutionally prevented from running for a third term in 2000. John KUFUOR succeeded him and was re-elected in 2004. Upcoming presidential elections are scheduled for December 2008.
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| valign="middle" bgcolor="#cccccc" | '''Geography'''
| valign="middle" bgcolor="#cccccc" | '''Ghana'''
|}
{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" border="0" align="center"
| <div align="right">Location:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | Western Africa, bordering the Gulf of Guinea, between Cote d'Ivoire and Togo
|-
| <div align="right">Geographic coordinates:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 8 00 N, 2 00 W
|-
| <div align="right">Map references:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | [[Africa]]
|-
| <div align="right">Area:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''total:'' 239,460 sq km <br />''land:'' 230,940 sq km <br />''water:'' 8,520 sq km
|-
| <div align="right">Area - comparative:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | slightly smaller than [[Directory:Oregon|Oregon]]
|-
| <div align="right">Land boundaries:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''total:'' 2,094 km <br />''border countries:'' [[Directory:Burkina Faso|Burkina Faso]] 549 km, [[Directory:Cote d'Ivoire|Cote d'Ivoire]] 668 km, [[Directory:Togo]] 877 km
|-
| <div align="right">Coastline:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 539 km
|-
| <div align="right">Maritime claims:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''territorial sea:'' 12 nm <br />''contiguous zone:'' 24 nm <br />''exclusive economic zone:'' 200 nm <br />''continental shelf:'' 200 nm
|-
| <div align="right">Climate:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | tropical; warm and comparatively dry along southeast coast; hot and humid in southwest; hot and dry in north
|-
| <div align="right">Terrain:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | mostly low plains with dissected plateau in south-central area
|-
| <div align="right">Elevation extremes:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''lowest point:'' Atlantic Ocean 0 m <br />''highest point:'' Mount Afadjato 880 m
|-
| <div align="right">Natural resources:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | gold, timber, industrial diamonds, bauxite, manganese, fish, rubber, hydropower, petroleum, silver, salt, limestone
|-
| <div align="right">Land use:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''arable land:'' 17.54% <br />''permanent crops:'' 9.22% <br />''other:'' 73.24% (2005)
|-
| <div align="right">Irrigated land:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 310 sq km (2003)
|-
| <div align="right">Total renewable water resources:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 53.2 cu km (2001)
|-
| <div align="right">Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''total:'' 0.98 cu km/yr (24%/10%/66%) <br />''per capita:'' 44 cu m/yr (2000)
|-
| <div align="right">Natural hazards:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | dry, dusty, northeastern harmattan winds occur from January to March; droughts
|-
| <div align="right">Environment - current issues:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | recurrent drought in north severely affects agricultural activities; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; poaching and habitat destruction threatens wildlife populations; water pollution; inadequate supplies of potable water
|-
| <div align="right">Environment - international agreements:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''party to:'' Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands <br />''signed, but not ratified:'' Marine Life Conservation
|-
| <div align="right">Geography - note:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | Lake Volta is the world's largest artificial lake
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| valign="middle" bgcolor="#cccccc" | '''People'''
| valign="middle" bgcolor="#cccccc" | '''Ghana'''
|}
{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" border="0" align="center"
| <div align="right">Population:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 22,931,299 <br />''note:'' estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Age structure:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''0-14 years:'' 38.2% (male 4,438,308/female 4,329,293) <br />''15-64 years:'' 58.2% (male 6,661,512/female 6,687,738) <br />''65 years and over:'' 3.6% (male 380,495/female 433,953) (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Median age:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''total:'' 20.2 years <br />''male:'' 19.9 years <br />''female:'' 20.4 years (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Population growth rate:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 1.972% (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Birth rate:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 29.85 births/1,000 population (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Death rate:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 9.55 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Net migration rate:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | -0.58 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Sex ratio:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''at birth:'' 1.03 male(s)/female <br />''under 15 years:'' 1.025 male(s)/female <br />''15-64 years:'' 0.996 male(s)/female <br />''65 years and over:'' 0.877 male(s)/female <br />''total population:'' 1.003 male(s)/female (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Infant mortality rate:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''total:'' 53.56 deaths/1,000 live births <br />''male:'' 58 deaths/1,000 live births <br />''female:'' 48.99 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Life expectancy at birth:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''total population:'' 59.12 years <br />''male:'' 58.31 years <br />''female:'' 59.95 years (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Total fertility rate:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 3.89 children born/woman (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 3.1% (2003 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 350,000 (2003 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">HIV/AIDS - deaths:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 30,000 (2003 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Major infectious diseases:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''degree of risk:'' very high <br />''food or waterborne diseases:'' bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever <br />''vectorborne diseases:'' malaria and yellow fever <br />''water contact disease:'' schistosomiasis <br />''respiratory disease:'' meningococcal meningitis <br />''note:'' highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2008)
|-
| <div align="right">Nationality:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''noun:'' Ghanaian(s) <br />''adjective:'' Ghanaian
|-
| <div align="right">Ethnic groups:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | Akan 45.3%, Mole-Dagbon 15.2%, Ewe 11.7%, Ga-Dangme 7.3%, Guan 4%, Gurma 3.6%, Grusi 2.6%, Mande-Busanga 1%, other tribes 1.4%, other 7.8% (2000 census)
|-
| <div align="right">Religions:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | Christian 68.8% (Pentecostal/Charismatic 24.1%, Protestant 18.6%, Catholic 15.1%, other 11%), Muslim 15.9%, traditional 8.5%, other 0.7%, none 6.1% (2000 census)
|-
| <div align="right">Languages:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | Asante 14.8%, Ewe 12.7%, Fante 9.9%, Boron (Brong) 4.6%, Dagomba 4.3%, Dangme 4.3%, Dagarte (Dagaba) 3.7%, Akyem 3.4%, Ga 3.4%, Akuapem 2.9%, other 36.1% (includes English (official)) (2000 census)
|-
| <div align="right">Literacy:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''definition:'' age 15 and over can read and write <br />''total population:'' 57.9% <br />''male:'' 66.4% <br />''female:'' 49.8% (2000 census)
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{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" border="0" align="center"
| valign="middle" bgcolor="#cccccc" | '''Government'''
| valign="middle" bgcolor="#cccccc" | '''Ghana'''
|}
{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" border="0" align="center"
| <div align="right">Country name:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''conventional long form:'' Republic of Ghana <br />''conventional short form:'' Ghana <br />''former:'' Gold Coast
|-
| <div align="right">Government type:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | constitutional democracy
|-
| <div align="right">Capital:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''name:'' Accra <br />''geographic coordinates:'' 5 33 N, 0 13 W <br />''time difference:'' UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
|-
| <div align="right">Administrative divisions:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 10 regions; Ashanti, Brong-Ahafo, Central, Eastern, Greater Accra, Northern, Upper East, Upper West, Volta, Western
|-
| <div align="right">Independence:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 6 March 1957 (from UK)
|-
| <div align="right">National holiday:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | Independence Day, 6 March (1957)
|-
| <div align="right">Constitution:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | approved 28 April 1992
|-
| <div align="right">Legal system:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | based on English common law and customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
|-
| <div align="right">Suffrage:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 18 years of age; universal
|-
| <div align="right">Executive branch:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''chief of state:'' President John Agyekum KUFUOR (since 7 January 2001); Vice President Alhaji Aliu MAHAMA (since 7 January 2001); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government <br />''head of government:'' President John Agyekum KUFUOR (since 7 January 2001); Vice President Alhaji Aliu MAHAMA (since 7 January 2001) <br />''cabinet:'' Council of Ministers; president nominates members subject to approval by Parliament <br />''elections:'' president and vice president elected on the same ticket by popular vote for four-year terms (eligible for a second term); election last held 7 December 2004 (next to be held in December 2008) <br />''election results:'' John Agyekum KUFUOR reelected president in election; percent of vote - John KUFUOR 52.4%, John ATTA-MILLS 44.6%
|-
| <div align="right">Legislative branch:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | unicameral Parliament (230 seats; members are elected by direct, popular vote to serve four-year terms) <br />''elections:'' last held 7 December 2004 (next to be held December in 2008) <br />''election results:'' percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NPP 128, NDC 94, PNC 4, CPP 3, independent 1
|-
| <div align="right">Judicial branch:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | Supreme Court
|-
| <div align="right">Political parties and leaders:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | Convention People's Party or CPP [Ladi NYLANDER]; Democratic Freedom Party or DFP [Alhaji Abudu Rahman ISSAKAH]; Every Ghanaian Living Everywhere or EGLE; Great Consolidated Popular Party or GCPP [Dan LARTEY]; National Democratic Congress or NDC [Dr. Kwabena ADJEI]; New Patriotic Party or NPP [Peter MAC-MANU]; People's National Convention or PNC [Alhaji Amed RAMADAN]; Reform Party [Kyeretwie OPUKU]; United Renaissance Party or URP [Charles WAYO]
|-
| <div align="right">Political pressure groups and leaders:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | NA
|-
| <div align="right">International organization participation:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ACP, AfDB, AU, C, ECOWAS, FAO, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, MINURSO, MONUC, NAM, OAS (observer), OIF, OPCW, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNITAR, UNMEE, UNMIL, UNOCI, UNOMIG, UNWTO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
|-
| <div align="right">Diplomatic representation in the US:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''chief of mission:'' Ambassador Dr. Kwame BAWUAH-EDUSEI <br />''chancery:'' 1156 15th St. NW #905, Washington, DC 20005 <br />''telephone:'' [1] (202) 785-1379 <br />''FAX:'' [1] (202) 785-1430 <br />''consulate(s) general:'' New York
|-
| <div align="right">Diplomatic representation from the US:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''chief of mission:'' Ambassador Pamela E. BRIDGEWATER <br />''embassy:'' 24 4th Circular Rd. Cantonments, Accra <br />''mailing address:'' P. O. Box 194, Accra <br />''telephone:'' [233] (21) 741-000 <br />''FAX:'' [233] (21) 741-389
|-
| <div align="right">Flag description:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | three equal horizontal bands of red (top), yellow, and green with a large black five-pointed star centered in the yellow band; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia; similar to the flag of Bolivia, which has a coat of arms centered in the yellow band
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{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" border="0" align="center"
| valign="middle" bgcolor="#cccccc" | '''Economy'''
| valign="middle" bgcolor="#cccccc" | '''Ghana'''
|}
{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" border="0" align="center"
| <div align="right">Economy - overview:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | Well endowed with natural resources, Ghana has roughly twice the per capita output of the poorest countries in West Africa. Even so, Ghana remains heavily dependent on international financial and technical assistance. Gold and cocoa production, and individual remittances, are major sources of foreign exchange. The domestic economy continues to revolve around agriculture, which accounts for about 35% of GDP and employs about 55% of the work force, mainly small landholders. Ghana opted for debt relief under the Heavily Indebted Poor Country (HIPC) program in 2002, and is also benefiting from the Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative that took effect in 2006. Thematic priorities under its current Growth and Poverty Reduction Strategy, which also provides the framework for development partner assistance, are: macroeconomic stability; private sector competitiveness; human resource development; and good governance and civic responsibility. Sound macro-economic management along with high prices for gold and cocoa helped sustain GDP growth in 2007. Ghana signed a Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC) Compact in 2006, which aims to assist in transforming Ghana's agricultural sector.
|-
| <div align="right">GDP (purchasing power parity):</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | $31.23 billion (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">GDP (official exchange rate):</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | $14.89 billion (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">GDP - real growth rate:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 6.2% (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">GDP - per capita (PPP):</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | $1,400 (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">GDP - composition by sector:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''agriculture:'' 37.3% <br />''industry:'' 25.3% <br />''services:'' 37.5% (2006 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Labor force:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 11.29 million (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Labor force - by occupation:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''agriculture:'' 56% <br />''industry:'' 15% <br />''services:'' 29% (2005 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Unemployment rate:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 11% (2000 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Population below poverty line:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 28.5% (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Household income or consumption by percentage share:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''lowest 10%:'' 2.2% <br />''highest 10%:'' 30.1% (1999)
|-
| <div align="right">Distribution of family income - Gini index:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 39.4 (2005-06)
|-
| <div align="right">Inflation rate (consumer prices):</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 11% (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Investment (gross fixed):</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 31.3% of GDP (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Budget:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''revenues:'' $4.347 billion <br />''expenditures:'' $5.197 billion (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Public debt:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 48.4% of GDP (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Agriculture - products:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | cocoa, rice, cassava (tapioca), peanuts, corn, shea nuts, bananas; timber
|-
| <div align="right">Industries:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | mining, lumbering, light manufacturing, aluminum smelting, food processing, cement, small commercial ship building
|-
| <div align="right">Industrial production growth rate:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 7.4% (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Electricity - production:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 7.042 billion kWh (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Electricity - production by source:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''fossil fuel:'' 5% <br />''hydro:'' 95% <br />''nuclear:'' 0% <br />''other:'' 0% (2001)
|-
| <div align="right">Electricity - consumption:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 6.906 billion kWh (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Electricity - exports:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 256 million kWh (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Electricity - imports:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 461 million kWh (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Oil - production:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 700 bbl/day (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Oil - consumption:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 47,000 bbl/day (2005 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Oil - exports:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 8,041 bbl/day (2004)
|-
| <div align="right">Oil - imports:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 45,010 bbl/day (2004)
|-
| <div align="right">Oil - proved reserves:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 16.5 million bbl (1 January 2006 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Natural gas - production:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 0 cu m (2005 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Natural gas - consumption:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 0 cu m (2005 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Natural gas - exports:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 0 cu m (2005 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Natural gas - imports:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 0 cu m (2005)
|-
| <div align="right">Natural gas - proved reserves:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 22.81 billion cu m (1 January 2006 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Current account balance:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | $-1.885 billion (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Exports:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | $4.194 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Exports - commodities:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | gold, cocoa, timber, tuna, bauxite, aluminum, manganese ore, diamonds, horticulture
|-
| <div align="right">Exports - partners:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | Netherlands 11.3%, UK 8.7%, US 6.7%, Spain 5.7%, Belgium 5.2%, France 4.4% (2006)
|-
| <div align="right">Imports:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | $8.073 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Imports - commodities:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | capital equipment, petroleum, foodstuffs
|-
| <div align="right">Imports - partners:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | Nigeria 16.7%, China 13%, UK 5.7%, Belgium 4.7%, US 4.7%, South Africa 4.1%, France 4.1% (2006)
|-
| <div align="right">Economic aid - recipient:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | $1.316 billion in loans and grants (2007)
|-
| <div align="right">Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | $2.837 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Debt - external:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | $3.387 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | $NA
|-
| <div align="right">Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | $NA
|-
| <div align="right">Market value of publicly traded shares:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | $13.01 billion (2007)
|-
| <div align="right">Currency (code):</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | Ghana cedi (GHC)
|-
| <div align="right">Currency code:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | GHC
|-
| <div align="right">Exchange rates:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | cedis per US dollar - 0.95 (2007), 9,174.8 (2006), 9,072.5 (2005), 9,004.6 (2004), 8,677.4 (2003)
|-
| <div align="right">Fiscal year:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | calendar year
|}
{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" border="0" align="center"
| valign="middle" bgcolor="#cccccc" | '''Communications'''
| valign="middle" bgcolor="#cccccc" | '''Ghana'''
|}
{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" border="0" align="center"
| <div align="right">Telephones - main lines in use:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 356,400 (2006)
|-
| <div align="right">Telephones - mobile cellular:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 5.207 million (2006)
|-
| <div align="right">Telephone system:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''general assessment:'' fixed-line infrastructure outdated and unreliable; competition among multiple mobile-cellular providers has spurred growth with subscribership about 25 per 100 persons and rising <br />''domestic:'' primarily microwave radio relay; wireless local loop has been installed <br />''international:'' country code - 233; landing point for the SAT-3/WASC fiber-optic submarine cable that provides connectivity to Europe and Asia; satellite earth stations - 4 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); microwave radio relay link to Panaftel system connects Ghana to its neighbors
|-
| <div align="right">Radio broadcast stations:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | AM 0, FM 86, shortwave 3 (2007)
|-
| <div align="right">Radios:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 12.5 million (2001)
|-
| <div align="right">Television broadcast stations:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 7 (2007)
|-
| <div align="right">Televisions:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 1.9 million (2001)
|-
| <div align="right">Internet country code:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | .gh
|-
| <div align="right">Internet hosts:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 2,899 (2007)
|-
| <div align="right">Internet Service Providers (ISPs):</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 12 (2000)
|-
| <div align="right">Internet users:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 609,800 (2006)
|}
{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" border="0" align="center"
| valign="middle" bgcolor="#cccccc" | '''Transportation'''
| valign="middle" bgcolor="#cccccc" | '''Ghana'''
|}
{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" border="0" align="center"
| <div align="right">Airports:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 12 (2007)
|-
| <div align="right">Airports - with paved runways:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''total:'' 7 <br />''over 3,047 m:'' 1 <br />''1,524 to 2,437 m:'' 4 <br />''914 to 1,523 m:'' 2 (2007)
|-
| <div align="right">Airports - with unpaved runways:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''total:'' 5 <br />''914 to 1,523 m:'' 3 <br />''under 914 m:'' 2 (2007)
|-
| <div align="right">Pipelines:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | oil 13 km; refined products 316 km (2007)
|-
| <div align="right">Railways:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''total:'' 953 km <br />''narrow gauge:'' 953 km 1.067-m gauge (2006)
|-
| <div align="right">Roadways:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''total:'' 42,623 km <br />''paved:'' 3,267 km <br />''unpaved:'' 39,356 km (2004)
|-
| <div align="right">Waterways:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 1,293 km <br />''note:'' 168 km for launches and lighters on Volta, Ankobra, and Tano rivers; 1,125 km of arterial and feeder waterways on Lake Volta (2007)
|-
| <div align="right">Merchant marine:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''total:'' 3 ships (1000 GRT or over) 5,032 GRT/7,282 DWT <br />''by type:'' petroleum tanker 1, refrigerated cargo 2 <br />''foreign-owned:'' 1 (Brazil 1) (2007)
|-
| <div align="right">Ports and terminals:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | Tema
|}
{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" border="0" align="center"
| valign="middle" bgcolor="#cccccc" | '''Military'''
| valign="middle" bgcolor="#cccccc" | '''Ghana'''
|}
{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" border="0" align="center"
| <div align="right">Military branches:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | Ghanaian Army, Ghanaian Navy, Ghanaian Air Force (2007)
|-
| <div align="right">Military service age and obligation:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 18 years of age for compulsory and volunteer military service (2001)
|-
| <div align="right">Manpower available for military service:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''males age 18-49:'' 4,808,451 <br />''females age 18-49:'' 4,762,459 (2005 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Manpower fit for military service:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''males age 18-49:'' 3,011,081 <br />''females age 18-49:'' 2,991,551 (2005 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Manpower reaching military service age annually:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''males age 18-49:'' 251,056 <br />''females age 18-49:'' 247,777 (2005 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Military expenditures - percent of GDP:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 0.8% (2006 est.)
|}
{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" border="0" align="center"
| valign="middle" bgcolor="#cccccc" | '''Transnational Issues'''
| valign="middle" bgcolor="#cccccc" | '''Ghana'''
|}
{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" border="0" align="center"
|-
| <div align="right">Disputes - international:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | Ghana struggles to accommodate returning nationals who worked in the cocoa plantations and escaped fighting in Cote d'Ivoire
|-
| <div align="right">Refugees and internally displaced persons:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''refugees (country of origin):'' 38,684 (Liberia), 14,136 (Togo) (2006)
|-
| <div align="right">Illicit drugs:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | illicit producer of cannabis for the international drug trade; major transit hub for Southwest and Southeast Asian heroin and, to a lesser extent, South American cocaine destined for Europe and the US; widespread crime and money laundering problem, but the lack of a well developed financial infrastructure limits the country's utility as a money laundering center; significant domestic cocaine and cannabis use
|}
[[Category:Country]]
== Ghana<br>https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/maps/gh-map.gif ==
{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" border="0" align="center"
|-
| valign="middle" bgcolor="#cccccc" | '''Introduction'''
| valign="middle" bgcolor="#cccccc" | '''Ghana'''
|}
{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" border="0" align="center"
| <div align="right">Background:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | Formed from the merger of the British colony of the Gold Coast and the Togoland trust territory, '''Ghana''' in 1957 became the first sub-Saharan country in colonial Africa to gain its independence. Ghana endured a long series of coups before Lt. Jerry RAWLINGS took power in 1981 and banned political parties. After approving a new constitution and restoring multiparty politics in 1992, RAWLINGS won presidential elections in 1992 and 1996, but was constitutionally prevented from running for a third term in 2000. John KUFUOR succeeded him and was re-elected in 2004. Upcoming presidential elections are scheduled for December 2008.
|}
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{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" border="0" align="center"
| valign="middle" bgcolor="#cccccc" | '''Geography'''
| valign="middle" bgcolor="#cccccc" | '''Ghana'''
|}
{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" border="0" align="center"
| <div align="right">Location:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | Western Africa, bordering the Gulf of Guinea, between Cote d'Ivoire and Togo
|-
| <div align="right">Geographic coordinates:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 8 00 N, 2 00 W
|-
| <div align="right">Map references:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | [[Africa]]
|-
| <div align="right">Area:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''total:'' 239,460 sq km <br />''land:'' 230,940 sq km <br />''water:'' 8,520 sq km
|-
| <div align="right">Area - comparative:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | slightly smaller than [[Directory:Oregon|Oregon]]
|-
| <div align="right">Land boundaries:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''total:'' 2,094 km <br />''border countries:'' [[Directory:Burkina Faso|Burkina Faso]] 549 km, [[Directory:Cote d'Ivoire|Cote d'Ivoire]] 668 km, [[Directory:Togo]] 877 km
|-
| <div align="right">Coastline:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 539 km
|-
| <div align="right">Maritime claims:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''territorial sea:'' 12 nm <br />''contiguous zone:'' 24 nm <br />''exclusive economic zone:'' 200 nm <br />''continental shelf:'' 200 nm
|-
| <div align="right">Climate:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | tropical; warm and comparatively dry along southeast coast; hot and humid in southwest; hot and dry in north
|-
| <div align="right">Terrain:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | mostly low plains with dissected plateau in south-central area
|-
| <div align="right">Elevation extremes:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''lowest point:'' Atlantic Ocean 0 m <br />''highest point:'' Mount Afadjato 880 m
|-
| <div align="right">Natural resources:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | gold, timber, industrial diamonds, bauxite, manganese, fish, rubber, hydropower, petroleum, silver, salt, limestone
|-
| <div align="right">Land use:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''arable land:'' 17.54% <br />''permanent crops:'' 9.22% <br />''other:'' 73.24% (2005)
|-
| <div align="right">Irrigated land:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 310 sq km (2003)
|-
| <div align="right">Total renewable water resources:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 53.2 cu km (2001)
|-
| <div align="right">Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''total:'' 0.98 cu km/yr (24%/10%/66%) <br />''per capita:'' 44 cu m/yr (2000)
|-
| <div align="right">Natural hazards:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | dry, dusty, northeastern harmattan winds occur from January to March; droughts
|-
| <div align="right">Environment - current issues:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | recurrent drought in north severely affects agricultural activities; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; poaching and habitat destruction threatens wildlife populations; water pollution; inadequate supplies of potable water
|-
| <div align="right">Environment - international agreements:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''party to:'' Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands <br />''signed, but not ratified:'' Marine Life Conservation
|-
| <div align="right">Geography - note:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | Lake Volta is the world's largest artificial lake
|}
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{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" border="0" align="center"
| valign="middle" bgcolor="#cccccc" | '''People'''
| valign="middle" bgcolor="#cccccc" | '''Ghana'''
|}
{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" border="0" align="center"
| <div align="right">Population:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 22,931,299 <br />''note:'' estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Age structure:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''0-14 years:'' 38.2% (male 4,438,308/female 4,329,293) <br />''15-64 years:'' 58.2% (male 6,661,512/female 6,687,738) <br />''65 years and over:'' 3.6% (male 380,495/female 433,953) (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Median age:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''total:'' 20.2 years <br />''male:'' 19.9 years <br />''female:'' 20.4 years (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Population growth rate:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 1.972% (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Birth rate:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 29.85 births/1,000 population (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Death rate:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 9.55 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Net migration rate:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | -0.58 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Sex ratio:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''at birth:'' 1.03 male(s)/female <br />''under 15 years:'' 1.025 male(s)/female <br />''15-64 years:'' 0.996 male(s)/female <br />''65 years and over:'' 0.877 male(s)/female <br />''total population:'' 1.003 male(s)/female (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Infant mortality rate:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''total:'' 53.56 deaths/1,000 live births <br />''male:'' 58 deaths/1,000 live births <br />''female:'' 48.99 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Life expectancy at birth:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''total population:'' 59.12 years <br />''male:'' 58.31 years <br />''female:'' 59.95 years (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Total fertility rate:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 3.89 children born/woman (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 3.1% (2003 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 350,000 (2003 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">HIV/AIDS - deaths:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 30,000 (2003 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Major infectious diseases:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''degree of risk:'' very high <br />''food or waterborne diseases:'' bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever <br />''vectorborne diseases:'' malaria and yellow fever <br />''water contact disease:'' schistosomiasis <br />''respiratory disease:'' meningococcal meningitis <br />''note:'' highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2008)
|-
| <div align="right">Nationality:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''noun:'' Ghanaian(s) <br />''adjective:'' Ghanaian
|-
| <div align="right">Ethnic groups:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | Akan 45.3%, Mole-Dagbon 15.2%, Ewe 11.7%, Ga-Dangme 7.3%, Guan 4%, Gurma 3.6%, Grusi 2.6%, Mande-Busanga 1%, other tribes 1.4%, other 7.8% (2000 census)
|-
| <div align="right">Religions:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | Christian 68.8% (Pentecostal/Charismatic 24.1%, Protestant 18.6%, Catholic 15.1%, other 11%), Muslim 15.9%, traditional 8.5%, other 0.7%, none 6.1% (2000 census)
|-
| <div align="right">Languages:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | Asante 14.8%, Ewe 12.7%, Fante 9.9%, Boron (Brong) 4.6%, Dagomba 4.3%, Dangme 4.3%, Dagarte (Dagaba) 3.7%, Akyem 3.4%, Ga 3.4%, Akuapem 2.9%, other 36.1% (includes English (official)) (2000 census)
|-
| <div align="right">Literacy:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''definition:'' age 15 and over can read and write <br />''total population:'' 57.9% <br />''male:'' 66.4% <br />''female:'' 49.8% (2000 census)
|}
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{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" border="0" align="center"
| valign="middle" bgcolor="#cccccc" | '''Government'''
| valign="middle" bgcolor="#cccccc" | '''Ghana'''
|}
{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" border="0" align="center"
| <div align="right">Country name:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''conventional long form:'' Republic of Ghana <br />''conventional short form:'' Ghana <br />''former:'' Gold Coast
|-
| <div align="right">Government type:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | constitutional democracy
|-
| <div align="right">Capital:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''name:'' Accra <br />''geographic coordinates:'' 5 33 N, 0 13 W <br />''time difference:'' UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
|-
| <div align="right">Administrative divisions:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 10 regions; Ashanti, Brong-Ahafo, Central, Eastern, Greater Accra, Northern, Upper East, Upper West, Volta, Western
|-
| <div align="right">Independence:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 6 March 1957 (from UK)
|-
| <div align="right">National holiday:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | Independence Day, 6 March (1957)
|-
| <div align="right">Constitution:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | approved 28 April 1992
|-
| <div align="right">Legal system:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | based on English common law and customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
|-
| <div align="right">Suffrage:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 18 years of age; universal
|-
| <div align="right">Executive branch:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''chief of state:'' President John Agyekum KUFUOR (since 7 January 2001); Vice President Alhaji Aliu MAHAMA (since 7 January 2001); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government <br />''head of government:'' President John Agyekum KUFUOR (since 7 January 2001); Vice President Alhaji Aliu MAHAMA (since 7 January 2001) <br />''cabinet:'' Council of Ministers; president nominates members subject to approval by Parliament <br />''elections:'' president and vice president elected on the same ticket by popular vote for four-year terms (eligible for a second term); election last held 7 December 2004 (next to be held in December 2008) <br />''election results:'' John Agyekum KUFUOR reelected president in election; percent of vote - John KUFUOR 52.4%, John ATTA-MILLS 44.6%
|-
| <div align="right">Legislative branch:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | unicameral Parliament (230 seats; members are elected by direct, popular vote to serve four-year terms) <br />''elections:'' last held 7 December 2004 (next to be held December in 2008) <br />''election results:'' percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NPP 128, NDC 94, PNC 4, CPP 3, independent 1
|-
| <div align="right">Judicial branch:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | Supreme Court
|-
| <div align="right">Political parties and leaders:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | Convention People's Party or CPP [Ladi NYLANDER]; Democratic Freedom Party or DFP [Alhaji Abudu Rahman ISSAKAH]; Every Ghanaian Living Everywhere or EGLE; Great Consolidated Popular Party or GCPP [Dan LARTEY]; National Democratic Congress or NDC [Dr. Kwabena ADJEI]; New Patriotic Party or NPP [Peter MAC-MANU]; People's National Convention or PNC [Alhaji Amed RAMADAN]; Reform Party [Kyeretwie OPUKU]; United Renaissance Party or URP [Charles WAYO]
|-
| <div align="right">Political pressure groups and leaders:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | NA
|-
| <div align="right">International organization participation:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ACP, AfDB, AU, C, ECOWAS, FAO, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, MINURSO, MONUC, NAM, OAS (observer), OIF, OPCW, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNITAR, UNMEE, UNMIL, UNOCI, UNOMIG, UNWTO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
|-
| <div align="right">Diplomatic representation in the US:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''chief of mission:'' Ambassador Dr. Kwame BAWUAH-EDUSEI <br />''chancery:'' 1156 15th St. NW #905, Washington, DC 20005 <br />''telephone:'' [1] (202) 785-1379 <br />''FAX:'' [1] (202) 785-1430 <br />''consulate(s) general:'' New York
|-
| <div align="right">Diplomatic representation from the US:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''chief of mission:'' Ambassador Pamela E. BRIDGEWATER <br />''embassy:'' 24 4th Circular Rd. Cantonments, Accra <br />''mailing address:'' P. O. Box 194, Accra <br />''telephone:'' [233] (21) 741-000 <br />''FAX:'' [233] (21) 741-389
|-
| <div align="right">Flag description:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | three equal horizontal bands of red (top), yellow, and green with a large black five-pointed star centered in the yellow band; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia; similar to the flag of Bolivia, which has a coat of arms centered in the yellow band
|}
{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" border="0" align="center"
| valign="middle" bgcolor="#cccccc" | '''Economy'''
| valign="middle" bgcolor="#cccccc" | '''Ghana'''
|}
{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" border="0" align="center"
| <div align="right">Economy - overview:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | Well endowed with natural resources, Ghana has roughly twice the per capita output of the poorest countries in West Africa. Even so, Ghana remains heavily dependent on international financial and technical assistance. Gold and cocoa production, and individual remittances, are major sources of foreign exchange. The domestic economy continues to revolve around agriculture, which accounts for about 35% of GDP and employs about 55% of the work force, mainly small landholders. Ghana opted for debt relief under the Heavily Indebted Poor Country (HIPC) program in 2002, and is also benefiting from the Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative that took effect in 2006. Thematic priorities under its current Growth and Poverty Reduction Strategy, which also provides the framework for development partner assistance, are: macroeconomic stability; private sector competitiveness; human resource development; and good governance and civic responsibility. Sound macro-economic management along with high prices for gold and cocoa helped sustain GDP growth in 2007. Ghana signed a Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC) Compact in 2006, which aims to assist in transforming Ghana's agricultural sector.
|-
| <div align="right">GDP (purchasing power parity):</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | $31.23 billion (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">GDP (official exchange rate):</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | $14.89 billion (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">GDP - real growth rate:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 6.2% (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">GDP - per capita (PPP):</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | $1,400 (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">GDP - composition by sector:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''agriculture:'' 37.3% <br />''industry:'' 25.3% <br />''services:'' 37.5% (2006 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Labor force:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 11.29 million (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Labor force - by occupation:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''agriculture:'' 56% <br />''industry:'' 15% <br />''services:'' 29% (2005 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Unemployment rate:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 11% (2000 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Population below poverty line:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 28.5% (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Household income or consumption by percentage share:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''lowest 10%:'' 2.2% <br />''highest 10%:'' 30.1% (1999)
|-
| <div align="right">Distribution of family income - Gini index:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 39.4 (2005-06)
|-
| <div align="right">Inflation rate (consumer prices):</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 11% (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Investment (gross fixed):</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 31.3% of GDP (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Budget:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''revenues:'' $4.347 billion <br />''expenditures:'' $5.197 billion (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Public debt:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 48.4% of GDP (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Agriculture - products:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | cocoa, rice, cassava (tapioca), peanuts, corn, shea nuts, bananas; timber
|-
| <div align="right">Industries:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | mining, lumbering, light manufacturing, aluminum smelting, food processing, cement, small commercial ship building
|-
| <div align="right">Industrial production growth rate:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 7.4% (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Electricity - production:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 7.042 billion kWh (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Electricity - production by source:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''fossil fuel:'' 5% <br />''hydro:'' 95% <br />''nuclear:'' 0% <br />''other:'' 0% (2001)
|-
| <div align="right">Electricity - consumption:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 6.906 billion kWh (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Electricity - exports:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 256 million kWh (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Electricity - imports:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 461 million kWh (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Oil - production:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 700 bbl/day (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Oil - consumption:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 47,000 bbl/day (2005 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Oil - exports:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 8,041 bbl/day (2004)
|-
| <div align="right">Oil - imports:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 45,010 bbl/day (2004)
|-
| <div align="right">Oil - proved reserves:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 16.5 million bbl (1 January 2006 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Natural gas - production:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 0 cu m (2005 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Natural gas - consumption:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 0 cu m (2005 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Natural gas - exports:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 0 cu m (2005 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Natural gas - imports:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 0 cu m (2005)
|-
| <div align="right">Natural gas - proved reserves:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 22.81 billion cu m (1 January 2006 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Current account balance:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | $-1.885 billion (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Exports:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | $4.194 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Exports - commodities:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | gold, cocoa, timber, tuna, bauxite, aluminum, manganese ore, diamonds, horticulture
|-
| <div align="right">Exports - partners:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | Netherlands 11.3%, UK 8.7%, US 6.7%, Spain 5.7%, Belgium 5.2%, France 4.4% (2006)
|-
| <div align="right">Imports:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | $8.073 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Imports - commodities:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | capital equipment, petroleum, foodstuffs
|-
| <div align="right">Imports - partners:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | Nigeria 16.7%, China 13%, UK 5.7%, Belgium 4.7%, US 4.7%, South Africa 4.1%, France 4.1% (2006)
|-
| <div align="right">Economic aid - recipient:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | $1.316 billion in loans and grants (2007)
|-
| <div align="right">Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | $2.837 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Debt - external:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | $3.387 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | $NA
|-
| <div align="right">Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | $NA
|-
| <div align="right">Market value of publicly traded shares:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | $13.01 billion (2007)
|-
| <div align="right">Currency (code):</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | Ghana cedi (GHC)
|-
| <div align="right">Currency code:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | GHC
|-
| <div align="right">Exchange rates:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | cedis per US dollar - 0.95 (2007), 9,174.8 (2006), 9,072.5 (2005), 9,004.6 (2004), 8,677.4 (2003)
|-
| <div align="right">Fiscal year:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | calendar year
|}
{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" border="0" align="center"
| valign="middle" bgcolor="#cccccc" | '''Communications'''
| valign="middle" bgcolor="#cccccc" | '''Ghana'''
|}
{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" border="0" align="center"
| <div align="right">Telephones - main lines in use:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 356,400 (2006)
|-
| <div align="right">Telephones - mobile cellular:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 5.207 million (2006)
|-
| <div align="right">Telephone system:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''general assessment:'' fixed-line infrastructure outdated and unreliable; competition among multiple mobile-cellular providers has spurred growth with subscribership about 25 per 100 persons and rising <br />''domestic:'' primarily microwave radio relay; wireless local loop has been installed <br />''international:'' country code - 233; landing point for the SAT-3/WASC fiber-optic submarine cable that provides connectivity to Europe and Asia; satellite earth stations - 4 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); microwave radio relay link to Panaftel system connects Ghana to its neighbors
|-
| <div align="right">Radio broadcast stations:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | AM 0, FM 86, shortwave 3 (2007)
|-
| <div align="right">Radios:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 12.5 million (2001)
|-
| <div align="right">Television broadcast stations:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 7 (2007)
|-
| <div align="right">Televisions:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 1.9 million (2001)
|-
| <div align="right">Internet country code:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | .gh
|-
| <div align="right">Internet hosts:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 2,899 (2007)
|-
| <div align="right">Internet Service Providers (ISPs):</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 12 (2000)
|-
| <div align="right">Internet users:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 609,800 (2006)
|}
{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" border="0" align="center"
| valign="middle" bgcolor="#cccccc" | '''Transportation'''
| valign="middle" bgcolor="#cccccc" | '''Ghana'''
|}
{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" border="0" align="center"
| <div align="right">Airports:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 12 (2007)
|-
| <div align="right">Airports - with paved runways:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''total:'' 7 <br />''over 3,047 m:'' 1 <br />''1,524 to 2,437 m:'' 4 <br />''914 to 1,523 m:'' 2 (2007)
|-
| <div align="right">Airports - with unpaved runways:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''total:'' 5 <br />''914 to 1,523 m:'' 3 <br />''under 914 m:'' 2 (2007)
|-
| <div align="right">Pipelines:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | oil 13 km; refined products 316 km (2007)
|-
| <div align="right">Railways:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''total:'' 953 km <br />''narrow gauge:'' 953 km 1.067-m gauge (2006)
|-
| <div align="right">Roadways:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''total:'' 42,623 km <br />''paved:'' 3,267 km <br />''unpaved:'' 39,356 km (2004)
|-
| <div align="right">Waterways:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 1,293 km <br />''note:'' 168 km for launches and lighters on Volta, Ankobra, and Tano rivers; 1,125 km of arterial and feeder waterways on Lake Volta (2007)
|-
| <div align="right">Merchant marine:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''total:'' 3 ships (1000 GRT or over) 5,032 GRT/7,282 DWT <br />''by type:'' petroleum tanker 1, refrigerated cargo 2 <br />''foreign-owned:'' 1 (Brazil 1) (2007)
|-
| <div align="right">Ports and terminals:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | Tema
|}
{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" border="0" align="center"
| valign="middle" bgcolor="#cccccc" | '''Military'''
| valign="middle" bgcolor="#cccccc" | '''Ghana'''
|}
{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" border="0" align="center"
| <div align="right">Military branches:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | Ghanaian Army, Ghanaian Navy, Ghanaian Air Force (2007)
|-
| <div align="right">Military service age and obligation:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 18 years of age for compulsory and volunteer military service (2001)
|-
| <div align="right">Manpower available for military service:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''males age 18-49:'' 4,808,451 <br />''females age 18-49:'' 4,762,459 (2005 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Manpower fit for military service:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''males age 18-49:'' 3,011,081 <br />''females age 18-49:'' 2,991,551 (2005 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Manpower reaching military service age annually:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''males age 18-49:'' 251,056 <br />''females age 18-49:'' 247,777 (2005 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Military expenditures - percent of GDP:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 0.8% (2006 est.)
|}
{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" border="0" align="center"
| valign="middle" bgcolor="#cccccc" | '''Transnational Issues'''
| valign="middle" bgcolor="#cccccc" | '''Ghana'''
|}
{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" border="0" align="center"
|-
| <div align="right">Disputes - international:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | Ghana struggles to accommodate returning nationals who worked in the cocoa plantations and escaped fighting in Cote d'Ivoire
|-
| <div align="right">Refugees and internally displaced persons:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''refugees (country of origin):'' 38,684 (Liberia), 14,136 (Togo) (2006)
|-
| <div align="right">Illicit drugs:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | illicit producer of cannabis for the international drug trade; major transit hub for Southwest and Southeast Asian heroin and, to a lesser extent, South American cocaine destined for Europe and the US; widespread crime and money laundering problem, but the lack of a well developed financial infrastructure limits the country's utility as a money laundering center; significant domestic cocaine and cannabis use
|}
[[Category:Country]]