Line 1,792: |
Line 1,792: |
| z. This must suffice as an attempt to determine in rough outline the nature of the soul. | | z. This must suffice as an attempt to determine in rough outline the nature of the soul. |
| | | |
− | <pre>
| + | ==References== |
− | Inquiry Driven Systems
| |
− | 1. Research Proposal
| |
− | 1.1 Outline of the Project: Inquiry Driven Systems
| |
− | 1.1.1 Problem
| |
− | 1.1.2 Method
| |
− | 1.1.2.1 The Paradigmatic &
| |
− | Process-Analytic Phase.
| |
− | 1.1.2.2 The Paraphrastic &
| |
− | Faculty-Synthetic Phase.
| |
− | 1.1.2.3 Reprise of Methods
| |
− | 1.1.3 Criterion
| |
− | 1.1.4 Application
| |
− | 1.2 Onus of the Project: No Way But Inquiry
| |
− | 1.2.1 A Modulating Prelude
| |
− | 1.2.2 A Fugitive Canon
| |
| | | |
− | 1.3 Option of the Project: A Way Up To Inquiry
| + | * Aristotle, "On The Soul", in 'Aristotle, Volume 8', |
− | 1.3.1 Initial Analysis of Inquiry Allegro Aperto
| |
− | 1.3.2 Discussion of Discussion
| |
− | 1.3.3 Discussion of Formalization: General Topics
| |
− | 1.3.3.1 A Formal Charge
| |
− | 1.3.3.2 A Formalization of Formalization?
| |
− | 1.3.3.3 A Formalization of Discussion?
| |
− | 1.3.3.4 A Concept of Formalization
| |
− | 1.3.3.5 A Formal Approach
| |
− | 1.3.3.6 A Formal Development
| |
− | 1.3.3.7 A Formal Persuasion
| |
− | 1.3.4 Discussion of Formalization: Concrete Examples
| |
− | 1.3.4.1 Formal Models: A Sketch
| |
− | 1.3.4.2 Sign Relations: A Primer
| |
− | 1.3.4.3 Semiotic Equivalence Relations
| |
− | 1.3.4.4 Graphical Representations
| |
− | 1.3.4.5 Taking Stock
| |
− | 1.3.4.6 The "Meta" Question
| |
− | 1.3.4.7 Iconic Signs
| |
− | 1.3.4.8 The Conflict of Interpretations
| |
− | 1.3.4.9 Indexical Signs
| |
− | 1.3.4.10 Sundry Problems
| |
− | 1.3.4.11 Review & Prospect
| |
− | 1.3.4.12 Objective Plans & Levels
| |
− | 1.3.4.13 Formalization of OF: Objective Levels
| |
− | 1.3.4.14 Application of OF: Generic Level
| |
− | 1.3.4.15 Application of OF: Motive Level
| |
− | 1.3.4.16 The Integration of Frameworks
| |
− | 1.3.4.17 Recapitulation: A Brush with Symbols
| |
− | 1.3.4.18 C'est Moi
| |
− | 1.3.4.19 Entr'acte
| |
− | 1.3.5 Discussion of Formalization: Specific Objects
| |
− | 1.3.5.1 The Will to Form
| |
− | 1.3.5.2 The Forms of Reasoning
| |
− | 1.3.5.3 A Fork in the Road
| |
− | 1.3.5.4 A Forged Bond
| |
− | 1.3.5.5 A Formal Account
| |
− | 1.3.5.6 Analogs, Icons, Models, Surrogates
| |
− | 1.3.5.7 Steps & Tests of Formalization
| |
− | 1.3.5.8 Puck, the Ref
| |
− | 1.3.5.9 Partial Formalizations
| |
− | 1.3.5.10 A Formal Utility
| |
− | 1.3.5.11 A Formal Aesthetic
| |
− | 1.3.5.12 A Formal Apology
| |
− | 1.3.5.13 A Formal Suspicion
| |
− | 1.3.5.14 The Double Aspect of Concepts
| |
− | 1.3.5.15 A Formal Permission
| |
− | 1.3.5.16 A Formal Invention
| |
− | 1.3.6 Recursion in Perpetuity
| |
− | 1.3.7 Processus, Regressus, Progressus
| |
− | 1.3.8 Rondeau Tempo di Menuetto
| |
− | 1.3.9 Reconnaissance
| |
− | 1.3.9.1 The Informal Context
| |
− | 1.3.9.2 The Epitext
| |
− | 1.3.9.3 The Formative Tension
| |
− | 1.3.10 Recurring Themes
| |
− | 1.3.10.1 Preliminary Notions
| |
− | 1.3.10.2 Intermediary Notions
| |
− | 1.3.10.3 Propositions & Sentences
| |
− | 1.3.10.4 Empirical Types & Rational Types
| |
− | 1.3.10.5 Articulate Sentences
| |
− | 1.3.10.6 Stretching Principles
| |
− | 1.3.10.7 Stretching Operations
| |
− | 1.3.10.8 The Cactus Patch
| |
− | 1.3.10.9 The Cactus Language: Syntax
| |
− | 1.3.10.10 The Cactus Language: Stylistics
| |
− | 1.3.10.11 The Cactus Language: Mechanics
| |
− | 1.3.10.12 The Cactus Language: Semantics
| |
− | 1.3.10.13 Stretching Exercises
| |
− | 1.3.10.14 Syntactic Transformations
| |
− | 1.3.10.15 Derived Equivalence Relations
| |
− | 1.3.10.16 Digression on Derived Relations
| |
− | | |
− | 1.4 Outlook of the Project: All Ways Lead to Inquiry
| |
− | 1.4.1 The Matrix of Inquiry
| |
− | 1.4.1.1 Inquiry as Conduct
| |
− | 1.4.1.2 Types of Conduct
| |
− | 1.4.1.3 Perils of Inquiry
| |
− | 1.4.1.4 Forms of Relations
| |
− | 1.4.1.5 Models of Inquiry
| |
− | 1.4.2 The Moment of Inquiry
| |
− | 1.4.3 The Modes of Inquiry
| |
− | 1.4.3.1 Deductive Reasoning
| |
− | 1.4.3.2 Inductive Reasoning
| |
− | 1.4.3.3 Abductive Reasoning
| |
− | 1.4.3.4 Analogical Reasoning
| |
− | ...
| |
− | | |
− | 1.5 Obstacles to the Project: In the Way of Inquiry
| |
− | 1.5.1 The Initial Unpleasantness
| |
− | 1.5.2 The Justification Trap
| |
− | 1.5.3 A Formal Apology
| |
− | 1.5.3.1 Category Double-Takes
| |
− | 1.5.3.2 Conceptual Extensions
| |
− | 1.5.3.3 Explosional Recombinations
| |
− | 1.5.3.4 Interpretive Frameworks
| |
− | 1.5.4 A Material Exigency
| |
− | 1.5.5 A Reconciliation of Accounts
| |
− | 1.5.6 Objections to Reflexive Inquiry
| |
− | 1.5.7 Empirical Considerations
| |
− | 1.5.8 Computational Considerations
| |
− | 1.5.8.1 A Form of Recursion
| |
− | 1.5.8.2 A Power of Abstraction
| |
− | | |
− | 1.6 Orientation of the Project: A Way Into Inquiry
| |
− | 1.6.1 Initial Description of Inquiry
| |
− | 1.6.2 Terms of Analysis
| |
− | 1.6.2.1 Digression on Signs
| |
− | 1.6.2.2 Empirical Status of ID
| |
− | 1.6.3 Expansion of Terms
| |
− | 1.6.3.1 Agency
| |
− | 1.6.3.2 Abstraction
| |
− | 1.6.3.3 Analogy
| |
− | 1.6.3.4 Accuracy
| |
− | 1.6.3.5 Authenticity
| |
− | 1.6.4 Anchoring Terms in Phenomena
| |
− | 1.6.4.1 A Mistaken ID
| |
− | 1.6.4.2 Phenomenology of Doubt
| |
− | 1.6.4.3 Modalities of Knowledge
| |
− | 1.6.5 Sets, Systems, & Substantive Agents
| |
− | 1.6.6 Interpretive Systems
| |
− | 1.6.6.1 Syntactic Systems
| |
− | 1.6.6.2 Semantic Systems
| |
− | 1.6.6.3 Pragmatic Systems
| |
− | 1.6.7 Inquiry Driven Systems
| |
− | 1.6.7.1 A Definition of Inquiry
| |
− | 1.6.7.2 The Faculty of Inquiry
| |
− | 1.6.7.3 A Definition of Determination
| |
− | 1.6.7.4 A Definition of Definition
| |
− | | |
− | 1.7 Organization of the Project: A Way Through Inquiry
| |
− | 1.7.1 The Problem: Inquiry Found as an Object of Study
| |
− | 1.7.2 The Method: Inquiry Found as a Means of Study
| |
− | 1.7.2.1 Conditions for the Possibility
| |
− | of Inquiry into Inquiry
| |
− | 1.7.2.2 Conditions for the Success
| |
− | of Inquiry into Inquiry
| |
− | 1.7.3 The Criterion: Inquiry in Search of a Sensible End
| |
− | 1.7.3.1 The Irritation of Doubt,
| |
− | and The Scratch Test.
| |
− | 1.7.3.2 Enabling Provision 1:
| |
− | The Scenes & Context of Inquiry.
| |
− | 1.7.3.3 Enabling Provision 2:
| |
− | The Stages & Content of Inquiry.
| |
− | 1.8 Objectives of the Project: Inquiry All the Way
| |
− | 1.8.1 Substantial Objective
| |
− | 1.8.1.1 Objective 1a:
| |
− | The Propositions as Types Analogy.
| |
− | 1.8.1.2 Objective 1b:
| |
− | The Styles of Proof Development.
| |
− | 1.8.1.3 Objective 1c:
| |
− | The Analysis of Interpreters,
| |
− | or A Problem with Authority.
| |
− | 1.8.2 Instrumental Objective
| |
− | 1.8.3 Coordination of Objectives
| |
− | 1.8.4 Recapitulation Da Capo, Al Segno
| |
− | | |
− | 2. Discussion of Inquiry
| |
− | 2.1 Approaches to Inquiry
| |
− | 2.1.1 The Classical Framework: Syllogistic Approaches
| |
− | 2.1.2 The Pragmatic Framework: Sign-Theoretic Approaches
| |
− | 2.1.3 The Dynamical Framework: System-Theoretic Approaches
| |
− | 2.1.3.1 Inquiry & Computation
| |
− | 2.1.3.2 Inquiry Driven Systems
| |
− | 2.2 The Context of Inquiry
| |
− | 2.2.1 The Field of Observation
| |
− | 2.2.2 The Problem of Reflection
| |
− | 2.2.3 The Problem of Reconstruction
| |
− | 2.2.4 The Trivializing of Integration
| |
− | 2.2.5 Tensions in the Field of Observation
| |
− | 2.2.6 Problems of Representation & Communication
| |
− | | |
− | 2.3 The Conduct of Inquiry
| |
− | 2.3.1 Introduction
| |
− | 2.3.2 The Types of Reasoning
| |
− | 2.3.2.1 Deduction
| |
− | 2.3.2.2 Induction
| |
− | 2.3.2.3 Abduction
| |
− | 2.3.3 Hybrid Types of Inference
| |
− | 2.3.3.1 Analogy
| |
− | 2.3.3.2 Inquiry
| |
− | 2.3.4 Details of Induction
| |
− | 2.3.4.1 Learning
| |
− | 2.3.4.2 Transfer
| |
− | 2.3.4.3 Testing
| |
− | 2.3.5 The Stages of Inquiry
| |
− | | |
− | 3. The Medium & Its Message
| |
− | 3.1 Reflective Expression
| |
− | 3.1.1 Casual Reflection
| |
− | 3.1.1.1 Ostensibly Recursive Texts
| |
− | 3.1.1.2 Analogical Recursion
| |
− | 3.1.2 Conscious Reflection
| |
− | 3.1.2.1 The Signal Moment
| |
− | 3.1.2.2 The Symbolic Object
| |
− | 3.1.2.3 The Endeavor to Communicate
| |
− | 3.1.2.4 The Medium of Communication
| |
− | 3.1.2.5 The Ark of Types:
| |
− | The Order of Things to Come.
| |
− | 3.1.2.6 The Epitext
| |
− | 3.1.2.7 The Context of Interpretation
| |
− | 3.1.2.8 The Formative Tension
| |
− | 3.1.2.9 The Vehicle of Communication:
| |
− | Reflection on the Scene,
| |
− | Reflection on the Self.
| |
− | 3.1.2.10 (7)
| |
− | 3.1.2.11 (6)
| |
− | 3.1.2.12 Recursions: Possible, Actual, Necessary
| |
− | 3.1.2.13 Ostensibly Recursive Texts
| |
− | 3.1.2.14 (3)
| |
− | 3.1.2.15 The Freedom of Interpretation
| |
− | 3.1.2.16 The Eternal Return
| |
− | 3.1.2.17 (1)
| |
− | 3.1.2.18 Information in Formation
| |
− | 3.1.2.19 Reflectively Indexical Texts
| |
− | 3.1.2.20 (4)
| |
− | 3.1.2.21 (5)
| |
− | 3.1.2.22 (6)
| |
− | 3.1.2.23 (7)
| |
− | 3.1.2.24 (8)
| |
− | 3.1.2.25 The Discursive Universe
| |
− | 3.1.2.26 (7)
| |
− | 3.1.2.27 (6)
| |
− | 3.1.2.28 (5)
| |
− | 3.1.2.29 (4)
| |
− | 3.1.2.30 (3)
| |
− | 3.1.2.31 (2)
| |
− | 3.1.2.32 (1)
| |
− | | |
− | 3.2 Reflective Inquiry
| |
− | 3.2.1 Integrity & Unity of Inquiry
| |
− | 3.2.2 Apparitions & Allegations
| |
− | 3.2.3 A Reflective Heuristic
| |
− | 3.2.4 Either/Or: A Sense of Absence
| |
− | 3.2.5 Apparent, Occasional, & Practical Necessity
| |
− | 3.2.6 Approaches, Aspects, Exposures, Fronts
| |
− | 3.2.7 Synthetic A Priori Truths
| |
− | 3.2.8 Priorisms of Normative Sciences
| |
− | 3.2.9 Principle of Rational Action
| |
− | 3.2.10 The Pragmatic Cosmos
| |
− | 3.2.11 Reflective Interpretive Frameworks
| |
− | 3.2.11.1 Principals Versus Principles
| |
− | 3.2.11.2 The Initial Description of Inquiry
| |
− | 3.2.11.3 An Early Description of Interpretation
| |
− | 3.2.11.4 Descriptions of the Mind
| |
− | 3.2.11.5 Of Signs & the Mind
| |
− | 3.2.11.6 Questions of Justification
| |
− | 3.2.11.7 The Experience of Satisfaction
| |
− | 3.2.11.8 An Organizational Difficulty
| |
− | 3.2.11.9 Pragmatic Certainties
| |
− | 3.2.11.10 Problems & Methods
| |
− | | |
− | 3.3 Reflection on Reflection
| |
− | 3.4 Reflective Interpretive Frameworks
| |
− | 3.4.1 The Phenomenology of Reflection
| |
− | 3.4.2 A Candid Point of View
| |
− | 3.4.3 A Projective Point of View
| |
− | 3.4.4 A Formal Point of View
| |
− | 3.4.5 Three Styles of Linguistic Usage
| |
− | 3.4.6 Basic Notions of Group Theory
| |
− | 3.4.7 Basic Notions of Formal Language Theory
| |
− | 3.4.8 A Perspective on Computation
| |
− | 3.4.9 Higher Order Sign Relations: Introduction
| |
− | 3.4.10 Higher Order Sign Relations: Examples
| |
− | 3.4.11 Higher Order Sign Relations: Application
| |
− | 3.4.12 Issue 1: The Status of Signs
| |
− | 3.4.13 Issue 2: The Status of Sets
| |
− | 3.4.14 Issue 3: The Status of Variables
| |
− | 3.4.15 Propositional Calculus
| |
− | 3.4.16 Recursive Aspects
| |
− | 3.4.17 Patterns of Self-Reference
| |
− | 3.4.18 Practical Intuitions
| |
− | 3.4.19 Examples of Self-Reference
| |
− | 3.4.20 Three Views of Systems
| |
− | 3.4.21 Building Bridges Between Representations
| |
− | 3.4.22 Extensional Representations of Sign Relations
| |
− | 3.4.23 Intensional Representations of Sign Relations
| |
− | 3.4.24 Literal Intensional Representations
| |
− | 3.4.25 Analytic Intensional Representations
| |
− | 3.4.26 Differential Logic & Directed Graphs
| |
− | 3.4.27 Differential Logic & Group Operations
| |
− | 3.4.28 The Bridge: From Obstruction to Opportunity
| |
− | 3.4.29 Projects of Representation
| |
− | 3.4.30 Connected, Integrated, Reflective Symbols
| |
− | 3.4.31 Generic Orders of Relations
| |
− | 3.4.32 Partiality: Selective Operations
| |
− | 3.4.33 Sign Relational Complexes
| |
− | 3.4.34 Set-Theoretic Constructions
| |
− | 3.4.35 Reducibility of Sign Relations
| |
− | 3.4.36 Irreducibly Triadic Relations
| |
− | 3.4.37 Propositional Types
| |
− | 3.4.38 Considering the Source
| |
− | 3.4.39 Prospective Indices: Pointers to Future Work
| |
− | 3.4.40 Dynamic & Evaluative Frameworks
| |
− | 3.4.41 Elective & Motive Forces
| |
− | 3.4.42 Sign Processes: A Start
| |
− | 3.4.43 Reflective Extensions
| |
− | 3.4.44 Reflections on Closure
| |
− | 3.4.45 Intelligence => Critical Reflection
| |
− | 3.4.46 Looking Ahead
| |
− | 3.4.47 Mutually Intelligible Codes
| |
− | 3.4.48 Discourse Analysis: Ways & Means
| |
− | 3.4.49 Combinations of Sign Relations
| |
− | 3.4.50 Revisiting the Source
| |
− | 3.5 Divertimento:
| |
− | Eternity in Love with the Creatures of Time
| |
− | 3.5.1 Reflections on the Presentation of Examples
| |
− | 3.5.2 Searching for Parameters
| |
− | 3.5.3 Defect Analysis
| |
− | 3.5.4 The Pragmatic Critique
| |
− | 3.5.5 Pragmatic Operating Notions
| |
− | 3.5.6 Defects of Presentation
| |
− | 3.5.7 Dues to Process
| |
− | 3.5.8 Duties to Purpose
| |
− | 3.6 Computational Design Philosophy
| |
− | 3.6.1 Intentional Objects & Attitudes
| |
− | 3.6.2 Imperfect Design & Persistent Error
| |
− | 3.6.3 Propositional Reasoning About Relations
| |
− | 3.6.4 Dynamic & Evaluative Frameworks
| |
− | 3.6.5 Discussion of Examples
| |
− | 3.6.6 Information & Inquiry
| |
− | | |
− | 4. Overview of the Domain: Interpretive Inquiry
| |
− | 4.1 Interpretive Bearings: Conceptual & Descriptive Frameworks
| |
− | 4.1.1 Catwalks: Flexible Frameworks & Peripatetic Categories
| |
− | 4.1.1.1 Eponymous Ancestors:
| |
− | The Precursors of Abstraction?
| |
− | 4.1.1.2 Reticles:
| |
− | Interpretive Flexibility as a Design Issue.
| |
− | 4.1.2 Heuristic Inclinations & Regulative Principles
| |
− | 4.2 Features of Inquiry Driven Systems
| |
− | 4.2.1 The Pragmatic Theory of Signs
| |
− | 4.2.1.1 Sign Relations
| |
− | 4.2.1.2 Types of Signs
| |
− | 4.2.2 The Pragmatic Theory of Inquiry
| |
− | 4.2.2.1 Abduction
| |
− | 4.2.2.2 Deduction
| |
− | 4.2.2.3 Induction
| |
− | 4.3 Examples of Inquiry Driven Systems
| |
− | 4.3.1 "Index": A Program for Learning Formal Languages
| |
− | 4.3.2 "Study": A Program for Reasoning with Propositions
| |
− | 5. Discussion & Development of Objectives
| |
− | 5.1 Objective 1a: Propositions as Types
| |
− | 5.2 Objective 1b: Proof Styles & Developments
| |
− | 5.3 Objective 1c: Interpretation & Authority
| |
− | | |
− | References
| |
− | Aristotle, "On The Soul", in 'Aristotle, Volume 8', | |
| W.S. Hett (trans.), Heinemann, London, UK, 1936, 1986. | | W.S. Hett (trans.), Heinemann, London, UK, 1936, 1986. |
| | | |
− | 1. Charniak, E. & McDermott, D.V. Introduction to Artificial Intelligence. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, 1985. | + | * 1. Charniak, E. & McDermott, D.V. Introduction to Artificial Intelligence. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, 1985. |
| | | |
− | 2. Charniak, E., Riesbeck, C.K., & McDermott, D.V. Artificial Intelligence Programming. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, NJ, 1980. | + | * 2. Charniak, E., Riesbeck, C.K., & McDermott, D.V. Artificial Intelligence Programming. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, NJ, 1980. |
| | | |
− | 3. Holland, J.H., Holyoak, K.J., Nisbett, R.E., & Thagard, P.R. Induction: Processes of Inference, Learning, and Discovery. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1986. | + | * 3. Holland, J.H., Holyoak, K.J., Nisbett, R.E., & Thagard, P.R. Induction: Processes of Inference, Learning, and Discovery. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1986. |
| | | |
− | 4. O'Rorke, P. Review of AAAI 1990 Spring Symposium on Automated Abduction. SIGART Bulletin, Vol. 1, No. 3. ACM Press, October 1990, p. 12-17. | + | * 4. O'Rorke, P. Review of AAAI 1990 Spring Symposium on Automated Abduction. SIGART Bulletin, Vol. 1, No. 3. ACM Press, October 1990, p. 12-17. |
| | | |
− | 5. Pearl, J. Probabilistic Reasoning in Intelligent Systems: Networks of Plausible Inference. Revised 2nd printing. Morgan Kaufmann, San Mateo, CA, 1991. | + | * 5. Pearl, J. Probabilistic Reasoning in Intelligent Systems: Networks of Plausible Inference. Revised 2nd printing. Morgan Kaufmann, San Mateo, CA, 1991. |
| | | |
− | 6. Peng, Y. & Reggia, J.A. Abductive Inference Models for Diagnostic Problem-Solving. Springer-Verlag, New York, NY, 1990. | + | * 6. Peng, Y. & Reggia, J.A. Abductive Inference Models for Diagnostic Problem-Solving. Springer-Verlag, New York, NY, 1990. |
| | | |
− | 7. Sowa, J.F. Conceptual Structures: Information Processing in Mind and Machine. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, 1984. | + | * 7. Sowa, J.F. Conceptual Structures: Information Processing in Mind and Machine. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, 1984. |
| | | |
− | 8. Sowa, J.F. (ed.) Principles of Semantic Networks: Explorations in the Representation of Knowledge. Morgan Kaufmann, San Mateo, CA, 1991. | + | * 8. Sowa, J.F. (ed.) Principles of Semantic Networks: Explorations in the Representation of Knowledge. Morgan Kaufmann, San Mateo, CA, 1991. |
| | | |
− | Dewey, J. (1991). How We Think. Buffalo, NY: Prometheus Books. Originally published 1910. | + | * Dewey, J. (1991). How We Think. Buffalo, NY: Prometheus Books. Originally published 1910. |
| | | |
− | Shakespeare, Wm. (1988). William Shakespeare: The Complete Works. Compact Edition. S. Wells & G. Taylor (eds.). Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK. | + | * Shakespeare, Wm. (1988). William Shakespeare: The Complete Works. Compact Edition. S. Wells & G. Taylor (eds.). Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK. |
− | </pre>
| |
| | | |
| ==Document History== | | ==Document History== |