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Directory talk:Korcula History (view source)

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It appears to me that the region (former Yugoslavia-West Balkans) has problems with interpreting multicultural and ''multiethnic'' history (& societies).

{{Cquote| '''Quote''' by contemporary historian Danijel Dzino: ''Medieval studies in [[Croatia]] and in most of the former Yugoslav space were firmly rooted in political history and suffered from isolationism and lack of interest in foreign scholarship. In the [[Titoism and Totalitarianism|communist era]], especially after the 1960s, Marxist ideology and national and Yugoslav political-ideological frameworks strongly impacted on the research into medieval history in Croatia '' <ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=6UbOtJcF8rQC&pg=PA43&dq=Becoming+Slav,+Becoming+Croat:+Identity+Transformations+in+Post-Roman+Medieval+studies+in+croatia&hl=en&ei=aEVLTZXLC5GevgPU26QW&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false Becoming Slav, Becoming Croat: Identity Transformations in Post-Roman and and Early Medieval Dalmatia] by Danijel Dzino (p43)</ref>}}If we put aside political correctness, one could ask the question what happened to the ''Roman-Latin'' families in the 7th century when the Slavs invaded. The Slavic tribes invaded [[Directory:Fausto Veranzio#Dalmatian|Dalmatia]] province of the ''Eastern Roman Empire'' (Byzantine).

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===Events===

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Events could have unfolded (& most probably did) which led to them being attacked and killed. The survivors could have fled from Korčula to Ragusa (Dubrovnik), then a place of refuge. Maybe some survived and remained on the island. Judging by what happened to the Roman cities of Dalmatia; ''Epidaurum'', ''Narona'' and ''Salona'' (which were then part of the Eastern Roman Empire-Byzantine), these towns were '''destroyed'''. The Avari participated in these events too. This pattern of aggression of the Slavic tribes in conquering new territory must have continued during the following decades (& centuries) of the dark ages (even in more modern times). In this historic period it is recorded that many of the churches on the island of Korčula were destroyed (then rebuilt at a later stage). <ref>According to recent studies done at the University of Zadar, Slavs on the island of Korčula accepted Christianity fully in the 14th and 15th Century. Reference from: University of Zadar-Sociogeographic Transformation of the Western Part of Korcula Island by Lena Mirosevic-2008/page 161</ref>

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According to [[Directory:Historical Compendium of the Island of Korcula|''Historical Compendium of the Island of Korcula'']] (by Nikola Ostoic) the Latin-Roman families survived. They spoke the ''Romance language''-'''Dalmatian'''.

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The new population likely settled in the centre of the island (near the village Čara) they spoke '''Chakavian-Croatian'''. The centre of the island had its strategic qualities which allowed protection on all sides from attack by sea. It also had fertile land which allowed cultivation. After the invasion of Slavic tribes the region stabilised to a certain extent. The ''Eastern Roman Empire'' (Byzantine) and the ''Republic of Venice'' started to exert a political influence over the region and it’s new peoples. These events have been recorded historically by both Empires in chronicles of the time.

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Dalmatians of Latin ancestry brought ''Mediterranean cultural'' to the Slavs. Christianity was one aspect of this. In essence Slavs-Croatians on the island were '''Romanized'''.

The 19th century theories concerning the '''identity''' of these early Slavs is flawed. The latest scholarly & archaeological research states that the Slavs of Southern Dalmatian were identified as neither Croatians or Serbs. They were called Slavs (Dalmatian Slavs).

''Signor Arneri'' stated: Historic quote taken from ''Researches on the Danube and the Adriatic'': By Andrew Archibald Paton. Chapter 4. The Dalmatian Archipelago.p164 (1861)

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{{Cquote|''These three pears you see on the wall," said he, "are the arms of my family. Perussich was the name, when, in the earlier part of the fifteenth century, my ancestors built this palace; so that, you see, I am '''Dalmatian'''. All the family, fathers, sons, and brothers, used to serve in the fleets of the Republic (Republic of Venice); but the hero of our race was ''Arneri Perussich'', whose statue you see there, who fought, bled, and died at the''' Siege of Candia''', whose memory was honoured by the Republic, and whose surviving family was liberally pensioned; so his name of our race. We became Arneri, and ceased to be Perussich'' <ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=LUFlza-oCV0C&pg=PA164&dq=These+three+pears+you+see+on+the+wall,%22+said+he,+%22are+the+arms+of+my+family.+Perussich+was+the+name,&hl=en&ei=Q2NCTNiSCJLqvQO8y9DIDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=These%20three%20pears%20you%20see%20on%20the%20wall%2C%22%20said%20he%2C%20%22are%20the%20arms%20of%20my%20family.%20Perussich%20was%20the%20name%2C&f=false Researches on the Danube and the Adriatic:] By Andrew Archibald Paton. Chapter 4. The Dalmatian Archipelago.p164

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{{Cquote|''These three pears you see on the wall," said he, "are the arms of my family. Perussich was the name, when, in the earlier part of the fifteenth century, my ancestors built this palace; so that, you see, I am '''Dalmatian'''. All the family, fathers, sons, and brothers, used to serve in the fleets of the Republic (Republic of Venice); but the hero of our race was ''Arneri Perussich'', whose statue you see there, who fought, bled, and died at the''' Siege of Candia''', whose memory was honoured by the Republic, and whose surviving family was liberally pensioned; so his name of our race. We became Arneri, and ceased to be Perussich''<ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=LUFlza-oCV0C&pg=PA164&dq=These+three+pears+you+see+on+the+wall,%22+said+he,+%22are+the+arms+of+my+family.+Perussich+was+the+name,&hl=en&ei=Q2NCTNiSCJLqvQO8y9DIDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=These%20three%20pears%20you%20see%20on%20the%20wall%2C%22%20said%20he%2C%20%22are%20the%20arms%20of%20my%20family.%20Perussich%20was%20the%20name%2C&f=false Researches on the Danube and the Adriatic:] By Andrew Archibald Paton. Chapter 4. The Dalmatian Archipelago.p164

* Andrew Archibald Paton (1811-1874) was a British diplomat and writer from the 19 century.</ref>}}

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(According to Marinko Gjivoje, Perussich is ''Piruzović''.) <ref>Otok Korčula (2nd edition) by [http://esperanto.net/literaturo/autor/gjivoje.html Marinko Gjivoje], Zagreb 1969.

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According to Marinko Gjivoje, Perussich is ''Piruzović''. <ref>Otok Korčula (2nd edition) by [http://esperanto.net/literaturo/autor/gjivoje.html Marinko Gjivoje], Zagreb 1969.

*The book outlines A-Z about the island of Korčula, from traditions, history, culture to wildlife, politics & geography. Page 46-47: ''Piruzović ''. </ref>

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* [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=wEF5oN5erE0C&printsec=frontcover&dq=When+Ethnicity+did+not+Matter+in+the+Balkans&hl=en&ei=Xr9ETaLAN4--uwO7j8SDAg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCgQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false When Ethnicity did not Matter in the Balkans] by John Van Antwerp Fine.

* [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=B2LFRiT1nfYC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Venice+and+the+Slavs&hl=en&ei=2r9ETfzgCoS0vwOShpndAQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false Venice and the Slavs:] The Discovery of Dalmatia in the Age of Enlightenment by Larry Wolff.

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~~===Events===~~

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Events could have unfolded (& most probably did) which led to them being attacked and killed. The survivors could have fled from Korčula to Ragusa (Dubrovnik), then a place of refuge. Maybe some survived and remained on the island. Judging by what happened to the Roman cities of Dalmatia; ''Epidaurum'', ''Narona'' and ''Salona'' (which were then part of the Eastern Roman Empire-Byzantine), these towns were '''destroyed'''. The Avari participated in these events too. This pattern of aggression of the Slavic tribes in conquering new territory must have continued during the following decades (& centuries) of the dark ages (even in more modern times). In this historic period it is recorded that many of the churches on the island of Korčula were destroyed (then rebuilt at a later stage). <ref>According to recent studies done at the University of Zadar, Slavs on the island of Korčula accepted Christianity fully in the 14th and 15th Century. Reference from: University of Zadar-Sociogeographic Transformation of the Western Part of Korcula Island by Lena Mirosevic-2008/page 161</ref>

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According to [[Directory:Historical Compendium of the Island of Korcula|''Historical Compendium of the Island of Korcula'']] (by Nikola Ostoic) the Latin-Roman families survived. They spoke the ''Romance language''-'''Dalmatian'''.

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===Korčula Dialect===

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The new population likely settled in the centre of the island (near the village Čara) they spoke '''Chakavian-Croatian'''. The centre of the island had its strategic qualities which allowed protection on all sides from attack by sea. It also had fertile land which allowed cultivation. After the invasion of Slavic tribes the region stabilised to a certain extent. The ''Eastern Roman Empire'' (Byzantine) and the ''Republic of Venice'' started to exert a political influence over the region and it’s new peoples. These events have been recorded historically by both Empires in chronicles of the time.

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~~Dalmatians of Latin ancestry brought ''Mediterranean cultural'' to the Slavs. Christianity was one aspect of this. In essence Slavs-Croatians on the island were '''Romanized'''.~~

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===~~Korcula~~ Dialect===

[[Korcula Dialect|Korčula Dialect]] ''(or Korčulanski)'' is a Croatian dialect from the island of Korčula in Croatia. According to the Croatian Anthropological Society in their Collegium Antropologicum (Volumes 15-16) the language base of the Korčula dialect is Chakavian Croatian (it is also intermixed with Shokavian).<ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?ei=WmNGTPzMH4GyvgPGq_i4Ag&ct=result&id=KZMjAQAAIAAJ&dq=Dalmatian+language+korcula&q=korcula#search_anchor Collegium Antropologicum, Volumes 15-16] by Croatian Anthropological Society-1991.Pages 312 & 318.</ref> The dialect has remnants of the extinct Romance language, ''Dalmatian''. <ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=KZMjAQAAIAAJ&q=Dalmatian+language+korcula&dq=Dalmatian+language+korcula&hl=en&ei=WmNGTPzMH4GyvgPGq_i4Ag&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CDUQ6AEwAQ Collegium Antropologicum, Volumes 15-16] by Croatian Anthropological Society-1991. Page 311.</ref> The Dalmatian remnants within the dialect have been referred to as Corzulot. Additionally it has influences of Venetian:

*'''Defora''' in old Venetian means ''"from the outside"''.

* Regarding the Shokavian dialect (taken from-[http://ukpmc.ac.uk/articles/PMC2121596/reload=0;jsessionid=7BE5888928AF51ECB79DC33089D0E57A.jvm1The Land of 1000 Islands] by Igor Rudan): {{Cquote|''However, the clashes between the Ottoman Empire and Venetian Republic produced extensive migrations from the mainland areas, especially from today's Bosnia and Herzegovina, to the eastern parts of the islands of Brač, Hvar, Korčula, and Pag. The newcomers brought their gene pool and a variety of cultural specificities, including the “Shokavian” dialect of the Croatian language to the predominantly “Chakavian” area. The most extensive migrations to these islands occurred during the Cypriote (1571-1573), Candian (1645-1669), and Morean wars (1684-1699). The newcomers were given land and awarded special privileges “The Paštrović Privileges”.'' <ref>[http://ukpmc.ac.uk/articles/PMC2121596/reload=0;jsessionid=7BE5888928AF51ECB79DC33089D0E57A.jvm1 The Land of 1000 Islands] by Igor Rudan</ref>}}

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* Wikipedia and Korčula (town): {{Cquote|''Korčula, like other islands and many coastal cities in Dalmatia, also displays a dual Latin-Slav culture which developed from the late Roman era to the emergence of the modern Croatian state. Until the late 19th century, Italians made up the vast majority of the population of Korčula town while the rest of the island was almost completely inhabited by Croatians. The island therefore possesses a distinct Adriatic or Mediterranean cultural personality which sets it apart from the mountainous Dalmatian hinterland and continental Croatia further north.'' <ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korčula_(town)#Culture Wikipedia: Korcula (town)]</ref>}}

== Penny cyclopaedia of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge ==

(Volume 8-Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge Great Britain - 1837)

{{Cquote|''The majority of the inhabitants are descendants of the Sclavonian hordes, who invaded these parts in the seventh century and drove out the old inhabitants.The language of the country is the Herzogovine dialect of the Sclavonian, but Italian is the prevalent tongue among the well-educated classes, and is used in the public offices and courts. The remainder of the population is composed of Italins (about 40 000) who are spread throuhg the maritime towns and the sea coast'' <ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=KKcrAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA291&dq=Italian+population+Curzola&hl=en&ei=8ZRXTbvtLoyMvQPgo-WqBQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CDoQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=Italian%20population%20Curzola&f=false Penny cyclopaedia of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge, Volume 8] by Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge (Great Britain) 1837</ref>}}.

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== Wikipedia and Korčula ==

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* Wikipedia and Korčula (town): {{Cquote|''Korčula, like other islands and many coastal cities in Dalmatia, also displays a dual Latin-Slav culture which developed from the late Roman era to the emergence of the modern Croatian state. Until the late 19th century, Italians made up the vast majority of the population of Korčula town while the rest of the island was almost completely inhabited by Croatians. The island therefore possesses a distinct Adriatic or Mediterranean cultural personality which sets it apart from the mountainous Dalmatian hinterland and continental Croatia further north.'' <ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korčula_(town)#Culture Wikipedia: Korcula (town)]</ref>}}

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== Below by [[User:Peter Z.|Peter Z.]] ==

Peter Z.

7,882

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Directory talk:Korcula History (view source)

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