Changes

The Zuvela’s arrived on the west end of Korčula (in Croatian the c in Korcula is pronounced ''ch'' and is written "'''č'''") in the early 1600’s and settled in a small field called '''Rasohatica'''. There are still small remnants of stone huts there to this day. First time the surname ''Xuvella'' was mentioned was in Blato in a document dated 2nd of February '''1642'''.<ref>Vela Luka od 1490 do 1834 ''by'' Zvonko Maričić (p168). Era of the Black Plague, Ottoman (Turkish) invasions & Uskoci in the Republic of Venice's Dalmatian region.

The Zuvela’s arrived on the west end of Korčula (in Croatian the c in Korcula is pronounced ''ch'' and is written "'''č'''") in the early 1600’s and settled in a small field called '''Rasohatica'''. There are still small remnants of stone huts there to this day. First time the surname ''Xuvella'' was mentioned was in Blato in a document dated 2nd of February '''1642'''.<ref>Vela Luka od 1490 do 1834 ''by'' Zvonko Maričić (p168). Era of the Black Plague, Ottoman (Turkish) invasions & Uskoci in the Republic of Venice's Dalmatian region.

First mention in Blato (Blatta) documents in 1642, Antonio Xuvella. He was most likely born around 1610s, or earlier (a Zouvella-Greek or Greco-Venetian).

First mention in Blato (Blatta) documents in 1642, Antonio Xuvella. He was most likely born around 1610s, or earlier (a Zouvella-Greek or Greco-Venetian).

The first written source known about Xuvellas is from 1642. So in Blato on 2nd of February, 1642 on the island of Korčula, part of the Republic of Venice, a contract of land transaction was concluded. The neighboring land mentioned was in Postražišće. This neighboring land belonged to Antonio Xuvella (modern Croatian: Antun Žuvela) without mentioning the family origin, for example; ''son of ...... .'' This is the first record that mentions the Zuvela family. This information is taken from 'Vela Luka from 1490 to 1834.' Zvonko Maričić (page 168 written in Croatian).

The first written source known about Xuvellas is from 1642. So in Blato on 2nd of February, 1642 on the island of Korčula, part of the Republic of Venice, a contract of land transaction was concluded. The neighboring land mentioned was in Postražišće. This neighboring land belonged to Antonio Xuvella (modern Croatian: Antun Žuvela) without mentioning the family origin, for example; ''son of ...... .'' This is the first record that mentions the Zuvela family. The information is taken from 'Vela Luka from 1490 to 1834.' Zvonko Maričić (page 168 written in Croatian).

'''NOTE''': Maričić received this information from: 'Sources for the History of the Island of Korčula' by Ante Kalogjera, Zagreb (Izvori za povijest otoka Korčula 1980). The book has many translations of old records of the Venetian Republic in relation to Korčula (from Venetian-Italian to standard Croatian).

'''NOTE''': Maričić received this information from: 'Sources for the History of the Island of Korčula' by Ante Kalogjera, Zagreb (Izvori za povijest otoka Korčula 1980). The book has many translations of old records of the Venetian Republic in relation to Korčula (from Venetian-Italian to standard Croatian).

According to surviving documents:

According to surviving documents:

1. Owned property in Postražišće, (proir) to 1642.

'''1.''' Owned property in Postražišće, (proir) to 1642.

2. Witness for a doc signing in 22/05/1644.

'''2.''' Witness for a doc signing in 22/05/1644.

3. Exchange 211 sheep for a house in Blato (Velikom Ućijaku).

'''3.''' Exchange 211 sheep for a house in Blato (Velikom Ućijaku).

4. House ownership in the village prior to 18/04/1649, date of exchange.</ref> At the time, Korčula was part of the ''Republic of Venice'' within the Venetian Dalmatia province<ref>John Everett-Healu. "Dalmatia." Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names. Oxford University Press. 2005. Encyclopedia.com</ref> (Dalmazia Veneta ''or'' in old Venetian: Dalmàssia). From where the original Zuvelas migrated is still a mystery to this editor. The Republic of Venice <ref>Note: In old Venetian 'Repùblega Vèneta' also know as La Serenissima </ref> did have population movement within her eastern Mediterranean empire and did accept refugees and migrants within her boundaries during her long history. They came from all parts of [[Europe]] (i.e. Spain <ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=K7oAAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA116&dq=history+of+dalmatia+Spain+Spalato&hl=en&ei=9oL1TK61LYmxcbzkqOYE&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CC8Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false Dalmatia and Montenegro:] With a Journey to Mostar in Herzegovina -Volume 1 ''by'' John Gardner Wilkinson (p116).</ref>). Many of them were Christians from the Ottoman Empire <ref>[http://ukpmc.ac.uk/articles/PMC2121596;jsessionid=D7FB2EB2AF6E1C5733100CA2C94C626F.jvm1 The Land of 1000 Islands] ''by'' Igor Rudan Copyright © 2006 by the Croatian Medical Journal. All rights reserved.

'''4.''' House ownership in the village prior to 18/04/1649, date of exchange.</ref> At the time, Korčula was part of the ''Republic of Venice'' within the Venetian Dalmatia province<ref>John Everett-Healu. "Dalmatia." Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names. Oxford University Press. 2005. Encyclopedia.com</ref> (Dalmazia Veneta ''or'' in old Venetian: Dalmàssia). From where the original Zuvelas migrated is still a mystery to this editor. The Republic of Venice <ref>Note: In old Venetian 'Repùblega Vèneta' also know as La Serenissima </ref> did have population movement within her eastern Mediterranean empire and did accept refugees and migrants within her boundaries during her long history. They came from all parts of [[Europe]] (i.e. Spain <ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=K7oAAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA116&dq=history+of+dalmatia+Spain+Spalato&hl=en&ei=9oL1TK61LYmxcbzkqOYE&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CC8Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false Dalmatia and Montenegro:] With a Journey to Mostar in Herzegovina -Volume 1 ''by'' John Gardner Wilkinson (p116).</ref>). Many of them were Christians from the Ottoman Empire <ref>[http://ukpmc.ac.uk/articles/PMC2121596;jsessionid=D7FB2EB2AF6E1C5733100CA2C94C626F.jvm1 The Land of 1000 Islands] ''by'' Igor Rudan Copyright © 2006 by the Croatian Medical Journal. All rights reserved.

*"''However, the clashes between the Ottoman Empire and Venetian Republic produced extensive migrations from the mainland areas, especially from today's Bosnia and Herzegovina, to the eastern parts of the islands of Brac, Hvar, Korcula, and Pag.''"</ref> which ruled the Balkans for centuries.

*"''However, the clashes between the Ottoman Empire and Venetian Republic produced extensive migrations from the mainland areas, especially from today's Bosnia and Herzegovina, to the eastern parts of the islands of Brac, Hvar, Korcula, and Pag.''"</ref> which ruled the Balkans for centuries.

[[File:Croatia Rasohatica .jpg|thumb|left|455px|Rasohatica - One of the first stone Zuvela houses on the island (1600s)]]

[[File:Croatia Rasohatica .jpg|thumb|left|455px|Rasohatica - One of the first stone Zuvela houses on the island (1600s)]]

'''''36'''. Xuvella. Of these people I don’t have old memories [any history] except for their primitive residence that was in Rasohatica from where they moved to Blato, Velikom Ucijaku. Afterwards from the 1700s they built large houses and floors/attics/lofts which now remain largely empty because of their move to Vela Luka'' <ref>Vela Luka-Historijsko Topografski Prikaz/Vallegrande nell' isola di Curzola by Nikola Ostojić ''Eng'': Vela Luka - Historical Topographic View</ref>}}  He wrote a book about the town of Vela Luka in '''1852'''. As we can see by 1852 Nikola Ostojic states that the Zuvelas had no origin stories/old memories (as he puts it), which means by the mid 1850's it was not know from where they came from. The family by then had been on Korčula for over 215 years and  had lost their orgin history. The book was published in 1953 and was originally written in [[Italy|Italian]] (with a slight Venetian dialect).

'''''36'''. Xuvella. Of these people I don’t have old memories [any history] except for their primitive residence that was in Rasohatica from where they moved to Blato, Velikom Ucijaku. Afterwards from the 1700s they built large houses and floors/attics/lofts which now remain largely empty because of their move to Vela Luka'' <ref>Vela Luka-Historijsko Topografski Prikaz/Vallegrande nell' isola di Curzola by Nikola Ostojić ''Eng'': Vela Luka - Historical Topographic View</ref>}}  He wrote a book about the town of Vela Luka in '''1852'''. As we can see by 1852 Nikola Ostojic states that the Zuvelas had no origin stories/old memories (as he puts it), which means by the mid 1850's it was not know from where they came from. The family by then had been on Korčula for over 215 years and  had lost their orgin history. The book was published in 1953 and was originally written in [[Italy|Italian]] (with a slight Venetian dialect).

During the time of the writing of Nikola Ostojic's book (Vallegrande nell' isola di Curzola), Italian was the official language of the Dalmatian province<ref> Osnovna Škola "Vela Luka" Vela Luka Zbornik-150 Godina Školstva u Velaoj Luci (p12)</ref> at the time and had been so for centuries.  In the late 1850s the Croatian language which was referred to as '''Illyrian'''<ref> Osnovna Škola "Vela Luka" Vela Luka Zbornik-150 Godina Školstva u Velaoj Luci, (p.50) written in Croatian </ref><ref>'''Illyrian is taken from Illyricum''' which was a province of the Roman Empire. It was named after one of the indigenous peoples in that region. Please note it was later established that the Slavic Croatian language had nothing to do with the  ancient Illyrian population of Europe. </ref> , was introduced by the [[Austria|Austrian]] authorities as a second standardised language within the Kingdom of Dalmatia (Konigreich Dalmatien, which was part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire). It then slowly replaced Italian altogether. Thus the surname Xuvella became '''Žuvela'''. From the late 19th century onwards the [[Dalmatian Italians|Dalmatian Italian]] culture has all but disappeared from the region. The last Italian language government school was abolished in Korčula  on the 13th of September 1876.<ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=kMXURN7sxh4C&pg=PA83&lpg=PA83&dq=The+Italians+of+Dalmatia+Curzola+school&source=bl&ots=Sx1bUxdn1A&sig=YCATl36eEUduI42Azs0GVUeepBo&hl=en#v=onepage&q=The%20Italians%20of%20Dalmatia%20Curzola%20school&f=false The Italians of Dalmatia] by Luciano Monzali (p83)</ref><ref>'''Editor's Note''': In the neighbouring '''Kingdom of Croatia''' (within Austro-Hungarian Empire, Königreich Kroatien - Österreichisch-Ungarische Monarchie) a [[Croatia|Croatian]] nationalistic movement was established and alongside that, within the Balkan region a Pan-Slavic movement was growing (the beginnings of the ill fated Yugoslavia). These political on goings started to be felt in the Kingdom of Dalmatia. The [[Austria|Austrians]] in the 1860s started to introduce (a  process of Croatisation, '''Neo Shtokavian''')  within the Kingdom of Dalmatia a standardised Croatian language sometimes referred to as Illirski. It then replaced Italian altogether. In effect the government undertook culture genocide. For centuries the Italian language was the official language of the Dalmatian establishment. It was also the spoken language in white-collar, civil service and merchant families. For a few years Italian schools were still being run  privately in the Kingdom of Dalmatia, i.e the city of Zadar and Split (Lega Nazionale at Spalato).</ref>  

During the time of the writing of Nikola Ostojic's book (Vallegrande nell' isola di Curzola), Italian was the official language of the Dalmatian province<ref> Osnovna Škola "Vela Luka" Vela Luka Zbornik-150 Godina Školstva u Velaoj Luci (p12) written in Croatian.</ref> at the time and had been so for centuries.  In the late 1850s the Croatian language which was referred to as '''Illyrian'''<ref> Osnovna Škola "Vela Luka" Vela Luka Zbornik-150 Godina Školstva u Velaoj Luci, (p.50) written in Croatian. </ref><ref>Illyrian is taken '''from Illyricum''' which was a province of the Roman Empire. It was named after one of the indigenous peoples in that region. Please note it was later established that the Slavic Croatian language had nothing to do with the  ancient Illyrian population of Europe. </ref> , was introduced by the [[Austria|Austrian]] authorities as a second standardised language within the Kingdom of Dalmatia (Konigreich Dalmatien, which was part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire). It then slowly replaced Italian altogether. Thus the surname Xuvella became '''Žuvela'''. From the late 19th century onwards the [[Dalmatian Italians|Dalmatian Italian]] culture has all but disappeared from the region. The last Italian language government school was abolished in Korčula  on the 13th of September 1876.<ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=kMXURN7sxh4C&pg=PA83&lpg=PA83&dq=The+Italians+of+Dalmatia+Curzola+school&source=bl&ots=Sx1bUxdn1A&sig=YCATl36eEUduI42Azs0GVUeepBo&hl=en#v=onepage&q=The%20Italians%20of%20Dalmatia%20Curzola%20school&f=false The Italians of Dalmatia] by Luciano Monzali (p83)</ref><ref>'''Editor's Note''': In the neighbouring '''Kingdom of Croatia''' (within Austro-Hungarian Empire, Königreich Kroatien - Österreichisch-Ungarische Monarchie) a [[Croatia|Croatian]] nationalistic movement was established and alongside that, within the Balkan region a Pan-Slavic movement was growing (the beginnings of the ill fated Yugoslavia). These political on goings started to be felt in the Kingdom of Dalmatia. The [[Austria|Austrians]] in the late 1850s started to introduce a  process of Croatisation, (Neo Shtokavian a form of Croato-Serbian)  within the Kingdom of Dalmatia a standardised Croatian language sometimes referred to as Illirski. It then replaced Italian altogether. In effect the government undertook culture genocide. For centuries the Italian language was the official language of the Dalmatian establishment. It was also the spoken language in white-collar, civil service and merchant families. For a few years Italian schools were still being run  privately in the Kingdom of Dalmatia, i.e the city of Zadar and Split (Lega Nazionale at Spalato).</ref>  

* Beginnings of Formal Education - Vela Luka states:

* Beginnings of Formal Education - Vela Luka states:

{{quote|

{{quote|

* School year 1862./63.; III. r. [grade 3] ''Xuvella Giacobbo di Francesco'' <ref>Osnovna Škola "Vela Luka" Vela Luka Zbornik-150 Godina Školstva u Velaoj Luci (p50)

* School year 1862./63.; III. r. [grade 3] ''Xuvella Giacobbo di Francesco'' <ref>Osnovna Škola "Vela Luka" Vela Luka Zbornik-150 Godina Školstva u Velaoj Luci (p50)

* The Early Beginnings of Formal Education - Vela Luka (beginnings of literacy and Lower Primary School 1857 – 1870):

* The Early Beginnings of Formal Education - Vela Luka (beginnings of literacy and Lower Primary School 1857 – 1870) written in Croatian:

"''The article analyses the preparations for the foundation of the first regular primary school in Vela Luka based on numerous archival materials and bibliography. The school was founded as '''''Scuola Elementare Minore''''' in 1857. The introductory part examines a general context, i.e. development of Vela Luka as a town and a parish until the-mid 19th century. The article also gives a brief outline of formal education of girls.''"</ref>

"''The article analyses the preparations for the foundation of the first regular primary school in Vela Luka based on numerous archival materials and bibliography. The school was founded as '''''Scuola Elementare Minore''''' in 1857. The introductory part examines a general context, i.e. development of Vela Luka as a town and a parish until the-mid 19th century. The article also gives a brief outline of formal education of girls.''"</ref>

As we know in the early 1600s, the Zuvelas settled in a small field, Rasohatica, at the western end of the island of Korčula. Perhaps they were fleeing from the territorial conquest of the Turks that lasted for centuries. Even after the conquest of the Ottoman Empire (the Turks) many people wanted to escape, and some of it is well documented.  

As we know in the early 1600s, the Zuvelas settled in a small field, Rasohatica, at the western end of the island of Korčula. Perhaps they were fleeing from the territorial conquest of the Turks that lasted for centuries. Even after the conquest of the Ottoman Empire (the Turks) many people wanted to escape, and some of it is well documented.  

Pandemics were present and were part of the Levant’s main trade route. Before the arrival of Zuvela on Korčula, there was an epidemic and depopulation. This made a lot of new land available. Below information is from doctor Nikola Bačić 2007:  

Pandemics were present and were part of the Levant’s (east) main trade route. Before the arrival of Zuvela on Korčula, there was an epidemic and depopulation. This made a lot of new land available. Below information is from doctor Nikola Bačić 2007:  

{{quote|

{{quote|

* Ship of travel: Pannonia

* Ship of travel: Pannonia

Peter Ante Zuvela immigrated with his sisters Marija and Vica. In 1912 he married Marija Oreb (also from Vela Luka). They had 10 children and 37 grandchildren. Peter worked in the iron ore mines and on commercial fishing boats. In 1937 the whole family of 10 kids moved to Washington state (USA) and settled in Everett where he lived until his death in 1964. Back in the old country (Korčula), he would have been know as Petar Žuvela - Ante. Ante is a family Zuvela clan nickname.

Peter Ante Zuvela immigrated with his sisters Marija and Vica. In 1912 he married Marija Oreb (also from Vela Luka, Korčula). They had 10 children and 37 grandchildren. Peter worked in the iron ore mines and on commercial fishing boats. In 1937 the whole family of 10 kids moved to Washington state (USA) and settled in Everett where he lived until his death in 1964. Back in the old country (Korčula), he would have been know as Petar Žuvela - Ante. Ante is a family Zuvela clan nickname.

[[File:PZ Peter Zuvela (1889-1964) and Marija Oreb (1891-1966).jpg|thumb|left|490px|Peter Zuvela (1889-1964) and Marija Oreb (1891-1966) Taken in their back yard in Everett Washington (circa 1950’s)]]

[[File:PZ Peter Zuvela (1889-1964) and Marija Oreb (1891-1966).jpg|thumb|left|490px|Peter Zuvela (1889-1964) and Marija Oreb (1891-1966) Taken in their back yard in Everett Washington (circa 1950’s)]]