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{{DISPLAYTITLE:History of Korcula}}

{{DISPLAYTITLE:History of Korcula}}

* Historical Compendium of the Island of Korcula by '''Nikola Ostojic'''.<ref>Nikola Ostojic is from the town of Blato (Blatta)-Korcula.</ref>

* Historical Compendium of the Island of Korcula by '''Nikola Ostojic'''.<ref>Nikola Ostojic is from the town of Blato (Blatta)-Korcula.</ref>

(Originally written in [[Italy|Italian]]. Printing Company of G. Woditzka - Zadar/Zara 1858.)

Printing Company of G. Woditzka - Zadar/Zara 1858. (Originally written in [[Italy|Italian]].)

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[[File:N Ostojic.jpg|thumb|left|235px|Nikola Ostojic (1803-1869) author of Historical Compendium of the Island of Korcula (''"Compendio Storico dell Isola di Curzola"'').]]

[[File:N Ostojic.jpg|thumb|left|235px|Nikola Ostojic (1803-1869) author of Historical Compendium of the Island of Korcula (''"Compendio Storico dell Isola di Curzola"'').]]

* Ditte di Creta, e Darete Frigio. Delia Guerra Trojana. (Collana Greca. class. 12.)

* Ditte di Creta, e Darete Frigio. Delia Guerra Trojana. (Collana Greca. class. 12.)

"Of these two Histories of the Trojan War, by Dictys Cretensis and Dares Phrygius, the first, given in the name of a supposed very ancient Historian of Crete, is a spurious narrative, forged at Rome in the Time of Nero 60 Ad; the second is, also, a forged history, supposed to be written by Septimus Romanus 370 Ad."</ref> who was a contemporary from Cretan. When writing about the war of Troy, he noted that Antenore was the first to land on the island and build a city. Because of the islands dark appearance of its woods it was called '''Corcira Melaena''' ([[Latin]]: Corcyra Nigra - ''Black Corcyra'').<ref>Korcula: Italian-Curzola, Greek-Corcyra Melaina</ref><ref>'''Korcula''' is an island in the Adriatic Sea, in the ''Dubrovnik-Neretva County'' of [[Croatia]]. The island lies just off the Dalmatian coast.</ref><ref>[http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Curzola Encyclopaedia Britannica (publ. 1911)]</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/322146/Korcula|title='''"Korcula."''' '''Encyclopædia Britannica'''. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica, 2011. Wed. 24 Feb. 2011. |date=[[2011]]|accessdate=2011-02-24}}</ref> Other followers of his position claim that they were not exiles of Ilius, but fugitives of Gnido. In turn the vernacularisation of Ditte (work of Cav) <ref>Cavaliere = Knight (honorary title)/'''Ostojic's''' original historical source from '''1858'''.</ref>  Compagnoni, <ref>Dalmatia, literary sheet, 1st January 1846; No. 1/Ostojic's original historical source from 1858.</ref> stated that Antenore remained in [[Greece]], but the said Aeneas, was the likely leader of the colony and founder of the ''City of Curzola'', (Korcula's  old name was Curzola).<ref>The Old-Slavic term for Korcula was '''Krkar'''.</ref><ref>In Croatian the c in Korcula is pronounced ''ch'' and is written "'''č'''".</ref> This theory was competing with the opinion of Darete, Phrygian and other contemporaries.   

"Of these two Histories of the Trojan War, by Dictys Cretensis and Dares Phrygius, the first, given in the name of a supposed very ancient Historian of Crete, is a spurious narrative, forged at Rome in the Time of Nero 60 Ad; the second is, also, a forged history, supposed to be written by Septimus Romanus 370 Ad."</ref> who was a contemporary from Cretan. When writing about the war of Troy, he noted that Antenore was the first to land on the island and build a city. Because of the islands dark appearance of its woods it was called '''Corcira Melaena''' ([[Latin]]: Corcyra Nigra - ''Black Corcyra'').<ref>Korcula: Italian-Curzola, Greek-Corcyra Melaina</ref><ref>'''Korcula''' is an island in the Adriatic Sea, in the ''Dubrovnik-Neretva County'' of [[Croatia]]. The island lies just off the Dalmatian coast.</ref><ref>[http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Curzola Encyclopaedia Britannica (publ. 1911)]</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/322146/Korcula|title='''"Korcula."''' '''Encyclopædia Britannica'''. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica, 2011. Wed. 24 Feb. 2011. |date=[[2011]]|accessdate=2011-02-24}}</ref> Other followers of his position claim that they were not exiles of Ilius, but fugitives of Gnido. In turn the vernacularisation of Ditte (work of Cav) <ref>Cavaliere = Knight (honorary title)/'''Ostojic's''' original historical source from '''1858'''.</ref>  Compagnoni, <ref>Dalmatia, literary sheet, 1st January 1846; No. 1/Ostojic's original historical source from 1858.</ref> stated that Antenore remained in [[Greece]], but the said Aeneas, was the likely leader of the colony and founder of the ''City of Curzola'', (Editors note: Korcula's  old name was Curzola. In Croatian the c in Korcula is pronounced ''ch'' and is written "'''č'''". ) <ref>The Old-Slavic term for Korcula was '''Krkar'''.</ref> This theory was competing with the opinion of Darete, Phrygian and other contemporaries.   

The truth of this claim, considering the mythological chronology of the grammatical ''Alexandrian Heratostene'', would oblige us to go back to approximately 1184 BC, at the time in which according to the Bible, Gideon judged Israel:  126 years prior to David coming to the throne.  But the historian, more traditional than anything else, cannot rely on these vague claims.  Yet least of all when facing criticism. ''Ditte'' and ''Darete'' did not know how to support their historical theory. Whether Antenore or Aeneas was the leader, or Gnidi or the Trojans the colonists, the study of local antiquities arouses a belief that Korčula in ancient times was not some Greco-Phoenician post.  Even though during this period there are inferences which are not at all unfounded, none are of a particular positive nature.   

The truth of this claim, considering the mythological chronology of the grammatical ''Alexandrian Heratostene'', would oblige us to go back to approximately 1184 BC, at the time in which according to the Bible, Gideon judged Israel:  126 years prior to David coming to the throne.  But the historian, more traditional than anything else, cannot rely on these vague claims.  Yet least of all when facing criticism. ''Ditte'' and ''Darete'' did not know how to support their historical theory. Whether Antenore or Aeneas was the leader, or Gnidi or the Trojans the colonists, the study of local antiquities arouses a belief that Korčula in ancient times was not some Greco-Phoenician post.  Even though during this period there are inferences which are not at all unfounded, none are of a particular positive nature.   

The mystery clears then when the '''Illyrians''' become powerful lords of the Adriatic. Their king Agron, asserting his authority on the other neighbouring islands also occupied Korčula, in 230 B.C.<ref>In the original book the the date was 250B.C. Latest historic research states 230 B.C. to be more accurate (Illyricum & Roman Politics 229 BC-AD 68 by  

The mystery clears then when the '''Illyrians''' become powerful lords of the Adriatic. Their king Agron, asserting his authority on the other neighbouring islands also occupied Korčula, in 230 B.C.<ref>In the original book the the date was 250B.C. Latest historic research states 230 B.C. to be more accurate (Illyricum & Roman Politics 229 BC-AD 68 by  

Danijel Dzino)</ref>  On his death regaining its independence, the widow queen '''Teuta''' <ref>'''Queen Teuta''' (Ancient Greek: Τεύτα) was an Illyrian queen of the Ardiaei tribe who reigned approximately from 229 BC to 227 BC.</ref> took control of it again until Demetrius Fario, appointed as its prefect, surrendered it to the '''Romans''' together with Lesina (Hvar) his homeland.  Whether Agron and Teuta had forcefully occupied the island with the use of arms, cannot be affirmed. The Alexandrian Appiano says no more than: ''"and once (they) conquered the island of Pharum (Hvar)"'' <ref>[[Latin]] section: ''"Pharumque bello captum"''</ref>; which makes us think it occurred due to combined dedication.  Only in the times of ''Caesar'' '''Octavian Augustus''' (35 B.C.) does the name in the history of human events appear clear.  It is known now for the first time, that the Curzolani (inhabitants of Korčula) tried to seal their reacquired freedom with their own blood. They resisted with anguished courage to the arms of the Triumvir who had come in person to conquer it. The punishment was equal to the resistance. The Alexandrian Appiano tells us of the severity of the punishment and the cause of the war:  {{Cquote|''After a fierce war, Divus Augustus defeated the inhabitants of Melite <ref>Melite is the island of Mljet. '''Mljet''' is an island in the Adriatic Sea, in the ''Dubrovnik-Neretva County'' of '''Croatia.'''</ref> and Corcyra <ref>Corcyra is the island of Korčula</ref> who, at that time, were running out of supplies; the reason for the war was that these islanders had resorted to piracy and used to infest the sea with their fleet. All the adults were killed at once, while the remaining people were sold as slaves '' <ref>Latin section:'' "Divus Augustus deficientes Melitenses et Corcyrenses qui Insulas incolunt; ingenti belli mole superavit, quoniam maria classe praedebatur.  Puberes ad unum caesi cetera multitudo sub corona venit"''</ref>}}  But if Octavian in the repression caused it to be damaged, he didn’t consider it unworthy of his attention for its benefit; sending Roman colonists to it to direct it for better understanding and regulated habits, paving the way to a much greater cultivation and lessening the original coarseness. If the gravestones which are being unearthed among the ruins scattered across the island bear witness to the existence of the Roman colonies, they explain their purpose.

Danijel Dzino)</ref>  On his death regaining its independence, the widow queen '''Teuta''' <ref>'''Queen Teuta''' (Ancient Greek: Τεύτα) was an Illyrian queen of the Ardiaei tribe who reigned approximately from 229 BC to 227 BC.</ref> took control of it again until Demetrius Fario, appointed as its prefect, surrendered it to the '''Romans''' together with Lesina (Hvar) his homeland.  Whether Agron and Teuta had forcefully occupied the island with the use of arms, cannot be affirmed. The Alexandrian Appiano says no more than: ''"and once (they) conquered the island of Pharum (Hvar)"'' <ref>[[Latin]] section: ''"Pharumque bello captum"''</ref>; which makes us think it occurred due to combined dedication.  Only in the times of ''Caesar'' '''Octavian Augustus''' (35 B.C.) does the name in the history of human events appear clear.  It is known now for the first time, that the Curzolani (inhabitants of Korčula) tried to seal their reacquired freedom with their own blood. They resisted with anguished courage to the arms of the Triumvir who had come in person to conquer it. The punishment was equal to the resistance. The Alexandrian Appiano tells us of the severity of the punishment and the cause of the war:  {{Cquote|''After a fierce war, Divus Augustus defeated the inhabitants of Melite <ref>Melite is the island of Mljet. '''Mljet''' is an island in the Adriatic Sea, in the ''Dubrovnik-Neretva County'' of '''Croatia.'''</ref> and Corcyra <ref>Corcyra is the island of Korčula</ref> who, at that time, were running out of supplies; the reason for the war was that these islanders had resorted to piracy and used to infest the sea with their fleet. All the adults were killed at once, while the remaining people were sold as slaves '' <ref>Latin section:'' "Divus Augustus deficientes Melitenses et Corcyrenses qui Insulas incolunt; ingenti belli mole superavit, quoniam maria classe praedebatur.  Puberes ad unum caesi cetera multitudo sub corona venit"''</ref>}}  But if Octavian in the repression caused it to be damaged, he didn’t consider it unworthy of his attention for its benefit; sending Roman colonists to it to direct it for better understanding and regulated habits, paving the way to a much greater cultivation and lessening the original coarseness. If the gravestones which are being unearthed among the ruins scattered across the island bear witness to the existence of the Roman colonies, they explain their purpose.

Korčula, from its origins to the present time, has been in existence for 3,038 years, and history classifies its political life in the following phases:  

Korčula, from its origins to the present time, has been in existence for 3,038 years, and history classifies its political life in the following phases:  

*Free with her own independence until the occupation by  Agron, and then for very short intervals by Teuta, by the Romans until Octaviano Augustus; and then at the time of the Veneti <ref>  People from the Veneto Region/'''Ostojic's''' original historical source from '''1858'''.</ref>  from 1180 to 1252, from 1254 to 1258, and from 1418 to 1420, on the whole.

*Free with her own independence until the occupation by  Agron, and then for very short intervals by Teuta, by the Romans until Octaviano Augustus; and then at the time of the Veneti <ref>  People from the Veneto Region/'''Ostojic's''' original historical source from '''1858'''.</ref>  from 1180 to 1252, from 1254 to 1258, and from 1418 to 1420, on the whole.

By the end of the year 1129 Korčula was subjected to the Zorzi House (Republic of Venice) but due to various events regained it's independence. In 1252  Marsilio Zorzi succeeded in re-conquering it for Venice. The Curzolani suffered badly  under his tyranny and after two years of his control dismissed him.  Ruggero Zorzi a few years later with the help of Venice and Ragusa (Dubrovnik), amassed a strong arm of forces and arrived below the city calling on it to surrender. Not taking any notice of these threats, the Curzolani resolutely rejected the attack and tested the enemy inflecting lots of damage.  They seized the banner from the invaders. The wounded Ruggero was obliged to give up and take cover within the island. A number of the inhabitants, allured by promises, acted as a support for him in order that he could return to the offensive against the city. After a strong crushing battle, Ruggero sacked and demolished the town. He placed Count Marsilio back in command. Merciful towards the defeated, the walls he rebuilt were more beautiful than before.

By the end of the year 1129 Korčula was subjected to the Zorzi House (Republic of Venice) but due to various events regained it's independence. In 1252  Marsilio Zorzi succeeded in re-conquering it for Venice. The Curzolani suffered badly  under his tyranny and after two years of his control dismissed him.  Ruggero Zorzi a few years later with the help of Venice and Ragusa (Dubrovnik), amassed a strong arm of forces and arrived below the city calling on it to surrender. Not taking any notice of these threats, the Curzolani resolutely rejected the attack and tested the enemy inflecting lots of damage.  They seized the banner from the invaders. The wounded Ruggero was obliged to give up and take cover within the island. A number of the inhabitants, allured by promises, acted as a support for him in order that he could return to the offensive against the city. After a strong crushing battle, Ruggero sacked and demolished the town. He placed Count Marsilio back in command. Merciful towards the defeated, the walls he rebuilt were more beautiful than before.

===Giorgio Viario===

===Giorgio Viario===

[[File:Curzola ship8.jpg|thumb|right|355px| Town of Curzola]]

[[File:Curzola ship8.jpg|thumb|right|355px| Town of Korcula (Curzola)]]

[[File:Ostojic's page 1.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Ostojic's page from the '''1878''' issue of his book.]]

[[File:Ostojic's page 1.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Ostojic's page from the '''1878''' issue of his book.]]