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The "fair sampling" or "episkeptral arrow" condition is tantamount to this:  "Men are just as apt to be black as things in general are apt to be black".  In other words, men are a fair sample of things in general with respect to the factor of being black.

The ''fair sampling'' condition is tantamount to this:  "Men are just as apt to be black as things in general are apt to be black".  In other words, men are a fair sample of things in general with respect to the factor of being black.

Should this hold, the consequence would be:

Should this hold, the consequence would be:

: [''m'',''b''] = [''m'',][''b''].

| <math>[\mathrm{m,}\mathrm{b}] ~=~ [\mathrm{m,}][\mathrm{b}].</math>

When [''b''] is not zero, we obtain the result:

When <math>[\mathrm{b}]\!</math> is not zero, we obtain the result:

: [''m'',] = [''m'',''b'']/[''b''].

| <math>[\mathrm{m,}] ~=~ \frac{[\mathrm{m,}\mathrm{b}]}{[\mathrm{b}]}.</math>

Once again, the absolute term ''b'' = "black" is most felicitously depicted by way of its idempotent representation ‘''b''’ = ''b'', = "black that is ---", and thus it can be taken as a selective from the universe of discourse.

Once again, the absolute term ''b'' = "black" is most felicitously depicted by way of its idempotent representation ‘''b''’ = ''b'', = "black that is ---", and thus it can be taken as a selective from the universe of discourse.