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<p>Thus the process of information disturbs the relations of extension and comprehension for a moment and the class which results from the equivalence of two others has a greater intension than one and a greater extension than the other.  Hence, we may conveniently alter the formula for the relations of extension and comprehension;  thus, instead of saying that one is the reciprocal of the other, or:</p>

<p>Thus the process of information disturbs the relations of extension and comprehension for a moment and the class which results from the equivalence of two others has a greater intension than one and a greater extension than the other.  Hence, we may conveniently alter the formula for the relations of extension and comprehension;  thus, instead of saying that one is the reciprocal of the other, or:</p>

<p><center>comprehension × extension = constant,</center>

<p>(Peirce 1865, Harvard Lecture 10 : Grounds of Induction, CE 1, 276).</p>

 

<p>We see then that all symbols besides their denotative and connotative objects have another;  their informative object.  The denotative object is the total of possible things denoted.  The connotative object is the total of symbols translated or implied.  The informative object is the total of forms manifested and is measured by the amount of intension the term has, over and above what is necessary for limiting its extension.  For example the denotative object of ''man'' is such collections of matter the word knows while it knows them i.e. while they are organized.  The connotative object of ''man'' is the total form which the word expresses.  The informative object of ''man'' is the total fact which it embodies;  or the value of the conception which is its equivalent symbol.  (Peirce 1865, "Harvard Lecture 10.  Grounds of Induction", CE 1, 276).</p>

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