Directory talk:Korcula History 2

Directory talk is my work page

• Nikola Ostojic - 1858 : "Because of the islands dark appearance of its woods it was called Corcira Melaena" referring to the Greeks.
• Romans-Latin: Corcyra Nigra

Some of the latest research studies

• Becoming Slav, Becoming Croat: Identity Transformations in Post-Roman and and Early Medieval Dalmatia by Danijel Dzino
• When Ethnicity did not Matter in the Balkans by John Van Antwerp Fine.
• Venice and the Slavs: The Discovery of Dalmatia in the Age of Enlightenment by Larry Wolff.
• The Italians of Dalmatia: From Italian Unification to World War I by Luciano Monzali
• University of Zadar - Sociogeographic Transformation of the Western Part of Korcula Island by Lena Mirosevic
• Identity “ConflIct” of Dalmatian Italians by Mirko Dindic (hrcak.srce.hr)

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Wikipedia and Korcula

• Wikipedia and Korcula-Town:

“

Korčula, like other islands and many coastal cities in Dalmatia, also displays a dual Latin-Slav culture which developed from the late Roman era to the emergence of the modern Croatian state. Until the late 19th century, Italians made up the vast majority of the population of Korčula town while the rest of the island was almost completely inhabited by Croatians. The island therefore possesses a distinct Adriatic or Mediterranean cultural personality which sets it apart from the mountainous Dalmatian hinterland and continental Croatia further north.

”

Surnames on the west end of the island around Around 1600s

• de Ismael (Croatisation: Izmaeli)
• de Gabriel (Croatisation:Gabrijeliċ)
• de Giunio (Croatisation:Đunio)
• de Arneri
• de Canavel or Kanavelić. He signed himself as Pietro Canaveli or De Canavellis.
• Nikonitia or Nikoničić (according to Zvonko Maričić this is a Croatian family)
• Kolović
• Draginić (Drahinei)
• Tulić
• Nalošić
• Kostričić
• Cettineo (Croatisation:Cetinić)
• Mirošević
• Xuvella (Croatisation:Žuvela)
• Prižmić
• Marinović
• Dragojevič
• Barčot
• Surjan (Surian)

This is interesting:

(taken from it.wikipedia.org Link)

Korcula (Town)

Korcula (in Croatian Korčula) is the largest city of the island of Korcula in Dalmatia-Croatia.

• The City of Korcula is made ​​up of five settlements (naselje)
• Korcula (Korčula)
• Bùgnore (Žrnovo)
• Poponatta (Pupnat)
• Porto Barbieri (Račišće)
• Villa Chiarra (Čara)

History

Korcula was a Bishopric from 1300 to 1828. Until 1900 the Italians (Venetians) constituted over half the population of Korcula town (and the nearby village of Petrara/Vrnik) . Gradually decreasing their number went with the island's annexation by the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. The massacres of Croatians after World War II caused the flight of the last remaining native Italians in the city.

The Italians in Korcula in the nineteenth and twentieth century

At the census of 1910 Italians were 25% of the population of the centre of Korcula and 15% of the nearby village of Petrara (Vrnik). In the rest of the town, as well as in the rest of the island, there was an Italian population. The majority of Italians were made by small artisans, especially cut-stones, masons and carpenters, trades in which these Curzolani Petrara (Vrnik) and those of teachers and were known and appreciated beyond the borders of Dalmatia. A minority, however, was made up of landowners, merchants and retailers. In 1861 Curzolani political representatives of the Italian language were family members of Auditors Smerchinich (Smerkinić, of Slavic origin or Smrkinić).

In 1867 Mr Smerchinich was elected to parliament in Vienna. However, the Slavicisation of the town had already begun by the Austrian authorities, who considered the Croats more loyal subjects than the Italians. In 1893 , protests against the local population, the imperial authorities did close the local Italian school and education was provided solely in Korcula in Croatia. But Korcula city continued to vote for Smerchinich compactly. Moreover, in response to the growing work of the City slavicized to Korcula, in 1895 , was founded one of the first sites of the National League, which strove for the preservation of Italian language and culture on site. However, despite the forced Slavicisation all the acts of local authorities and district of Korcula, in 1909 still had bilingual character. With the collapse of Austria-Hungary following the end of World War I, came on to Korcula fierce disputes between Italian and Croatian.

On November 4, 1918 , the Italian navy occupied the city. Many at the time, also gave some to a shipment of D'Annunzio in Korcula, similar to the story of the River. However, in 1921, Italy gave up and retreated to the island, throwing into turmoil the depression in the local Italian population (then about 900 people). The situation was aggravated by the fact that between 1918 and 1920 , the Italian authorities of occupation had incited and carried away part of the Italian local anti-Yugoslav political events rather than on. This policy had created animosity among Italians and Croats, who was afraid of the risk of reprisals at the time of the advent of the sovereignty of Yugoslavia, and the risk of an exodus of the Italian population. In March 1921, that situation occurs and the exodus of Italians Curzolani began. This was accelerated by events and rallies hostile to Italy and the Italians that were repeated every day, fueled in particular by the brothers Arneri, former Austrian officials.

In May 1921 , more than half of local Italians had left the island. At the end of that year, only 180 Italians who did not stay on the island, gathered around the local school, then closed. In 1923 , the number of Italians had been reduced to 46. Many Italians, however, had preferred the Yugoslav citizenship for not losing their economic activities. Indeed, in 1933 the mixed elementary school had 40 pupils Italian town. Korcula also continued to operate the Italian Union, an association chaired by Michele Smerchinich, with 41 members remaining members of the main Italian families (Benussi, Damianovich, Depolo, Perucich, Radizza, Smerchinich, Vinz, Zanetti). At the end of World War II, however, were no longer left on Korcula Italians.

Towns and municipalities in the region of Dubrovnik-Neretva

City: Korcula (Korčula) · Metcovich (Metković) · Fort'Opus (Opuzen) · Porto Toler (Ploce) · Ragusa (Dubrovnik) Common: Blatta (Blato) · Dubrovačko Primorje · Iagnina (Janjina) · Valley Channels (Konavle) · Norino Tower (Kula Norinska) · Lastovo (Lastovo) · Lombarda (Lumbarda) · Mljet (Mljet) · Pojezerje · Sabbioncello (Orebić ) · Slivno · Smoquizza (Smokvica) · Pond (Stone) · Trpanj (Trpanj) · Vallegrande (Vela Luka) · Zažablje · Župa dubrovačka ·