User talk:Ockham/Wikipedia & Political Agendas

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The History of the Balkan states (former Yugoslavia) is a complex affair. Since the fall of the Berlin Wall and the collapse of the former Yugoslavia, evidence has emerged that portrays the Communist Party of Yugoslavia and its leader Josip Broz Tito in a totally different light. His regime now seems to be much more Stalinist [1] [2] than the image that was portrayed to the people of Yugoslavia and to the West during the Cold War. Josip Broz Tito Commander of all Partisans and Communists during WWII oversaw some of the worst war crimes know to mankind. There are Goverment Reports (including for Europa's-Eu), books, articles (writtem by professionals) as well as TV documentaries (some were aired on BBC 4 [1] [2]) in which people testified to the truth of these historical events.

The notorious Bleiburg, Way of the Cross [3] and Foibe massacres [4] were three of these [3] [4].

Additionaly there is the genocide and ethnic cleansing of ethnic Germans [5], Hungains and Italians of the former Yugoslavia [5].

The Government of the Republic of Slovenia created "Commission on Concealed Mass Graves in Slovenia" in 2005. In October 2009 they issued their report to the Government of Slovenia. Significant factual statements have come to light, concerning the Communist Commander (Croatian Partisan) Josip Broz Tito. The period in question is post WW2, 1945-46. The Jutarnji newspaper reported on the 01/10/2009 commissions find, in all it is estimated that there are 100 000 victims In 581 mass graves.

In Mr Dizdar's Scientific Journal he stated that Tito asked the "Croatian Home Guard" to surrender or face the consequences of not surrendering. After the war ended POWs who did not surrender were slaughter on mass, estimates are about 100 000 victims in total.


Wikipedia Articles Concerning Former Yugoslavia

The articles that appear in Wikipedia (as of 2009) do not reflect this modern view of the former Yugoslavia. They still adhere to and reflect the propaganda of the former Communist Party of Yugoslavia [7].

The article about the Dictator Josip Broz Tito is written in a child-like manner, similar to a Yugoslav primary school textbook from the 1970s. From the late 1960’s to the 1970’s, economic decisions that were made by Josip Broz and the Communist Party of Yugoslavia, put the country in a disastrous political situation (none of this is mentioned). Ironically the article on Tito does not even mention the fact that he was a Dictator or his Cult of Personality [8] [9] [10]. None of this information is presented in a professional encyclopedic fashion and when qualified references are presented to prove otherwise, Wikipedia Admin meets it with silence. Why is this the case?

Since the early 90’s information concerning historical events surrounding Croatia are turning out to be similar to the history of the Soviet Union (massacres, ethnic cleansing, power struggles, political propaganda for cover ups of the truth). They are a sharp contrast to what the public of the West was feed (media wise) and taught during the Cold War. There is very little mention of Tito's notorious KGB [11] police style organizations UDBA [12] [13] & OZNA [14].

Because the articles about these subjects are controlled by Croatian or Slovenian nationalist editors, Wikipedia does not present this information in a way that reflects modern scholarly research. The University of Zagreb’s [15] Ivo Goldstein, and other professional historians from Croatia [16] [17] [18] [19], are already tackling these issues. The Croatian government is even paying compensation to former victims of the Communist regime.


Josip Broz Tito

Josip Broz a Croatian born in Austro-Hungarian Empire, now Croatia was the Commander of all Partisans and Communists during WWII. He then later became Yugoslavia's political leader and was the main decision maker in military and political matters. He was President for Life [20] of Yugoslavia and played crucial if not the main role in historical events of that country. He was considered to be by many, one of the prominent Eastern European Balkan Dictators of the Cold War Era. Some of the major Eastern European historical events that are related to Tito and that are controversial, are not encyclopedically covered at all (or simply didn't get a mentioned).

The article needs more information on the first two decades of Tito's reign. From 1943/44 onwards his style of leadership was similar to that of Stalin's. Tito was a member of the Soviet Communist Party and the notorious Soviet Police-NKVD [21] (this is mentioned only briefly in the Wikipedia article) The NKVD executed the rule of terror and political repression, on a grand scale (NKVD executed tens of thousands of Polish political prisoners in 1939-1941/Katyn massacre [22]). Tito and his comrades set up KGB/NKVD style police units (UDBA & OZNA) in former Yugoslavia and also ran Partisan Death Squad [23] [24] [25] towards the end of Word War Two (scroll to:Visit Vraninama...[26]).

Harry Truman (the President of USA) stated on the 23th of April in 1948, in a speech:

"I am told that Tito murdered more than 400 000 of the opposition in Yugoslavia before he got himself established there as a dictator"

Reference from:Keeping Tito Afloat by Lorraine M. Lees & Woodrow Wilson and Harry Truman: Mission and Power in American Foreign Policy by Anne R. Pierce (declassified documents from the 1990s)

  • Lorraine M. Lees is an associate professor of history at Old Dominion University in Virginia, USA.
  • Anne R. Pierce Ph. D. Political Science from the University of Chicago. Independent Scholar & Author/USA [27]

BBC UK/History (by Tim Judah):

"Tito's Yugoslavia also gained enormous prestige as a founder of the non-aligned movement, which aimed to find a place in world politics for countries that did not want to stand foursquare behind either of the two superpowers." "Despite all this, and although there was much substance to Tito's Yugoslavia, much was illusion too. The economy was built on the shaky foundations of massive western loans. Even liberal communism had its limits, as did the very nature of the federation. Stirrings of nationalist dissent in Croatia and Kosovo were crushed. The federation worked because in reality the voice of only one man counted - that of Tito himself."

Encyclopaedia Britannica: Josip Broz Tito

He knew that the Serbs, Croats, Slovenes, and others could not be integrated within some new supranation, nor would they willingly accept the hegemony of any of their number; yet his supranational Yugoslavism frequently smacked of unitarism. He promoted self-management but never gave up on the party’s monopoly of power. He permitted broad freedoms in science, art, and culture that were unheard of in the Soviet bloc, but he kept excoriating the West. He preached peaceful coexistence but built an army that, in 1991, delivered the coup de grâce to the dying Yugoslav state. At his death, the state treasury was empty and political opportunists unchecked. He died too late for constructive change, too early to prevent chaos.

Communist Propaganda & Cult of Personality Within the Former Yugoslavia

The Yugoslav Communist state propaganda machine shared much with the Soviet Union. The Soviet format was imposed and then slightly modified. The Yugoslav Communist state used youth indoctrination (Union of Pioneers of Yugoslavia[28]), which were all too similar to the Soviet Union (Young Pioneer of the Soviet Union [29]) and the People's Republic of China [30]. Communist political, historical and philosophical courses were all part of general education. They can be found in any Yugoslav primary school textbook from the 1970s. Media and arts were used as a powerful means of propaganda and were all placed under heavy censorship. Josip Broz Tito was the main subject. Images, monuments, towns, street names, endless awards were given and a never ending production of books, films and poetry were created. Financially a huge amount of resources were used to keep the Communist propaganda and political activities running on a daily basis. Glorification and hero worship of the leader Josip Broz were a constant diet for the former peoples of Yugoslavia.

Most of Josip Broz’s images, monuments, town names and street names are now being removed. This started after the fall of the Berlin Wall and after the break up of Yugoslavia.

  • The below referenced information is from ‘Discontents: Postmodern and Postcommunist’ by Paul Hollander [31][32].
“Virtually every communist system extinct or surviving at one point or another, had a supreme leader who was both extraordinarily powerful and surrounded by a bizarre cult, indeed worship. In the past (or in a more traditional contemporary societies) such as cults were reserved for deities and associated with conventional religious behavior and institutions. These cults although apparently an intrinsic part of communist dictatorships (at any rate at a stage in their evolution) are largely forgotten today.”
“ Stalin, Maio, Castro, Ho Chi Minh, Kim Sung, Enver Hoxha, Ceascesu, Dimitrov, Ulbricht, Gottwald, Tito and others all were the object of such cults. The prototypical cult was that of Stalin which was duplicated elsewhere with minor variations”

Paul Hollander is an American scholar, journalist, and conservative political writer. (Ph.D in Sociology. Princeton University, 1963, B.A. London School of Economics, 1959 Professor Emeritus of Sociology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst Center Associate, Davis).

Communist Party of Yugoslavia, Tito & the Yugoslav Economy

Self -management as system was only slightly more efficient than the Soviet model. It was bureaucratised and cumbersome and could not compete with Western economies. People could obtain so much free or for less than the market price (e.g. apartments) that they could be obtain without work. All this made the settling of accounts in the 1980s and in the post-socialist age more difficult

In Tito’s system no interest or ideas could be expressed in a truly democratic way. This did most harm where feelings of ethnic identity were concerned because their suppression led to growth of extreme nationalism. Furthermore, the economic failure of Tito’s system, most clearly expressed in the protracted crisis of the 1980s, left people who even if they were not poor, were disillusioned and open to manipulation by demagogues. Finally Tito’s practical solutions ensured that he would retain unlimited power during his life time, but foreshadowed the problems would come after his death.

Professor Ivo Goldstein’s[33] work above proves that Josip Broz, put simply, was a bad economist and the Communists Party members were bad economists too. According to these and other references [34], this was one of the reasons that contributed to the break-up of Yugoslavia. As this was such an historical event, this information should be in the Wikipedia article in order to make it more encyclopaedic.

Titoism & Totalitarianism:

  • Abuse of national sentiment to carry out racial and class revolutionary projects;
  • Cult of a great leader, who permits his fanatics to murder, steal and lie;
  • Dictatorship of one party;
  • Militarization of society, police state – almighty secret political police;
  • Collectivism, subjection of the citizen to the totalitarian state;
  • State terrorism with systematic abuses of basic human rights;
  • Aggressive assumption of power and struggle for territory.

Ref: Joze Dezman CRIMES COMMITTED BY TOTALITARIAN REGIMES page 197 Slovenian Presidency of the-EU 2008

Mass killings without court trials:

The Main Headquarters of the Yugoslav Army had already called attention to respecting the Geneva Convention on 3 May in its order on the treatment of prisoners of war. However, despite this injunction, both prisoners of war and civilians were killed massively at the end of May and in the first half of June 1945 in Slovenia. Tito’s telegram on respecting the Geneva Convention was later revoked; however, it could only be revoked by the person who issued it in the first place, i.e. Tito himself.

The killings without a trial were most massive in the first months after the war in 1945 and continued until the beginning of 1946. How extensive these killings were is illustrated by the fact that 581 hidden graves of victims of post-war killings without a court trial have thus far been found in the territory of Slovenia.

Ref: Milko Mikola CRIMES COMMITTED BY TOTALITARIAN REGIMES page 163 Slovenian Presidency of the-EU 2008 [6]

The Bleiberg massacre

Draža Mihailović

Draža Mihailović was one of the organizers the royalist Chetniks in Yugoslavia during WW2. He has been portrayed by the Former Yugoslav State (& the Western Allies) as being allied with the Germans. The truth is turning out to be much more complex (Mihailović was awarded the Legion of Merit [35], based on General Dwight D. Eisenhower[36] recommendations).

Britannica

"Having fought in the Balkan Wars (1912–13) and World War I, Mihailović, a colonel at the time of Germany’s invasion of Yugoslavia (April 1941), refused to acquiesce in the capitulation of the Yugoslav army. He organized the royalist Chetniks, who operated mainly in Serbia. He was appointed general in 1941 and minister of war that same year by King Peter’s Yugoslav government-in-exile.

"Both the Chetniks under Mihailović and the communist-dominated Partisans, who were led by Josip Broz Tito, resisted the occupying German forces, but political differences led to distrust and eventual armed conflict between them. Reports of Chetnik resistance in the early stages of occupation buoyed the Allies and made of Mihailović a heroic figure. Fearful, however, of brutal reprisals against Serbians, Mihailović came to favour a restrained policy of resistance until the Allies could provide more assistance; the Partisans supported a more aggressive policy against the Germans. Favouring the latter policy and confronted with reports of Chetnik collaboration (particularly in Italian-held areas) directed against the Partisans, the Allies switched their support from Mihailović to Tito in 1944.
"After the war Mihailović went into hiding. He was captured by the Partisans on March 13, 1946, and charged by the Yugoslav government with treason and collaboration with the Germans. Mihailović was sentenced to death and was executed in Belgrade in 1946. Although a U.S. commission of inquiry cleared Mihailović and those under his immediate command of the charge of collaboration, the issue is still disputed by some historians. Following the breakup of communist Yugoslavia in the early 1990s, his former refuge in the Ravna Gora region came to be a focus of royalist sentiment."

Chambers' Biographical

Article Tito: "He contrived to discredit utterly the rival partisan leader, Draza Mihailović, in Anglo-American eyes and win support and arms and material solely for himself".

Wikipedia

The Wikipedia article begins Dragoljub "Draža" Mihailović (Cyrillic script: Драгољуб "Дража" Михаиловић; also known as "Чича Дража" or "Čiča Draža", meaning "uncle Draža"; April 27, 1893 - July 17, 1946) was a Yugoslav Serbian general, now primarily remembered as a World War II collaborator.

User:Direktor reverts one editor with the comment "Reverting another defender of the Serbian nation... My Ustaše-like plans are so far functioning perfectly" [37]

Propaganda Pushing Comrade Editors

(a) Perhaps you ought to read above discussions. You see, this guy was smarter than Stalin or Pol Pot. (4 August 2009 ) [38]

(b) Yeah, you win Serbia, Serbia finally wins something. (22 September 2009) [39]

(c) Terms like dictator are not allowed on Wikipedia. (1 October 2009) [40]

The editors above, or may just one or two (its possible that they are running two or more Wiki Accounts) are pushing old communist propaganda of the former Yugoslavia. According to Wikipedia Protocol that is not allowed.


References

  • Encyclopaedia Britannica
  • BBC UK/History by Tim Judah [41]
  • Tim Judah is a journalist for the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC). Judah’s first jobs were at the BBC African Service and BBC World Service. He writes most of the Balkan coverage for “The Economist” but also works for the “New York Review of Books”, “The Observer”, the Balkan Investigative Reporting Network (BIRN) and others. He is the author of two books on the region: “The Serbs: History, Myth and the Destruction of Yugoslavia” and “Kosovo: War and Revenge”.
  • BBC.UK/History Partisans: War in the Balkans 1941 - 1945 By Dr Stephen A Hart
  • BBC 4: Tito's Ghost
  • Australia's Four Corners: Tito's UDBA Activities in Australia from the 1960's
  • Discontents: Postmodern and Postcommunist by Paul Hollander
  • Frank Waddams, a British representative in the former Yugoslavia-Death by Government by R. J. Rummel
"Frank Waddams, a British representative who had lived outside of Belgrade, said he knew first hand of ten “concentration camps” and had talked with inmates from nearly all of them. “ The tale is always the same, he said “ Starvation, overcrowding, brutality and death condition, which make Dachau and Buchenwald mild by comparison. Many Slovenes who were released from Dachau at the end of the war came home only to find themselves in a Slovene camp within a few days. It is from these people that the news has come that the camps are worse than Dachau.” Out of a Slovene population of 1,200,000, Waddams believes that 20,000 to 30,000 were imprisoned."
  • Rudolph Joseph Rummel [42] is a professor emeritus of political science at the University of Hawaii.[43]
  • Communist Retaliation and Persecution on Yugoslav Territory During and After WWII by Dr. ph. Michael Portmann (Fellow of the ZEIT Foundation in Hamburg, doctoral studies at the University of Vienna (Dr. phil.)
  • Commission on Concealed Mass Graves in Slovenia (Government of the Republic of Slovenia)

Academics involved:

  • Joze Dezman: Slovenian Historian-Director of the National Museum of Contemporary History-Ljubljana (Slovenian) National Museum of Contemporary History-Slovenia
  • Mitja Ferenc: Slovenian Historian-University of Ljubljana

(Croatian Medical Journal: Identification of Skeletal Remains of Communist Armed Forces Victims During and After World War II)

  • Crimes Committed By Totalitarian Regimes Slovenian Presidency of the EU & European Commission 2008 - Europa.Eu /European Commission
  • Croatian Government:Deputy PM and with Representatives of the Croatian society of Political Prisoners-Victims of Communism
  • Zdravko Dizdar: Scientific Journal-An Addition to the Research of the Problem of Bleiburg & Way of the Cross-Hrcak Portal of Scientific (Zdravko Dizdar a Croatian Historian/Croatian Institute for History in Zagreb)
  • Croatian Center for Research of Crimes of Communism
  • Government Leaders, Military Rulers and Political Activists: An Encyclopaedia of People Who Changed the World (Lives & Legacies Series) by David W. Del Testa.
  • Death of the Father: An Anthropology of the end in Political Authority by Di John Borneman
  • Where The Balkans Begin (The Slovenes in Triest-The Foiba Story) by Bernard Meares
  • Keeping Tito Afloat by Lorraine M. Lees
  • Woodrow Wilson and Harry Truman: Mission and Power in American Foreign Policy by Anne R. Pierce
  • Identity politics in the age of genocide: the Holocaust and historical [44] by David B. MacDonald
  • Yalta and The Bleiburg Tragedy[45] by C Michael McAdams
  • Croatia: A History [46] Ivo Goldstein (Ivo Goldstein is a Professor at the University of Zagreb & former Director of the Institute for Croatian History of the University of Zagreb)
  • Balkan Idols: Religion and Nationalism in Yugoslav States - Oxford University Press, 2002.[47] by Vjekoslav Perica (Vjekoslav Perica is a Croatian writer and academic.He holds a Ph.D. in history from the University of Minnesota Twin Cities, USA)

Notes

  1. ^ Frank Waddams, a British representative in the former Yugoslavia Death by Government by R. J. Rummel
  2. ^ Great leaders, Great Tyrants Contemporary Views of World Rulers by Arnold Blumberg
  3. ^ Hrcak Portal of Scientific Journals of Croatia by Mr Dizdar's Scientific Journal - An Addition to the Research of the Problem of Bleiburg & Way of the Cross. This paper dedicated to the 60th anniversary of these tragic events represents a small step towards the elaboration of known data and brings a list of yet unknown and unpublished original documents, mostly belonging to the Yugoslavian Military and Political Government 1945-1947. Amongst those documents are those mostly relating to Croatian territory although a majority of concentration camps and execution sites were outside of Croatia, in other parts of Yugoslavia. The author hopes that the readers will receive a complete picture about events related to Bleiburg and the Way of The Cross and the suffering of numerous Croats, which is confirmed directly in many documents and is related to the execution of a person or a whole group of people and sometimes non-stop for days.
  4. ^ Where The Balkans Begin (The Slovenes in Triest-The Foiba Story) by Bernard Meares
  5. ^ Communist Retaliation and Persecution on Yugoslav Territory During and After WWII by Dr. Ph. Michael Portmann
  6. ^ CRIMES COMMITTED BY TOTALITARIAN REGIMES Crimes and other gross and large scale human rights violations committed during the reign of totalitarian regimes in Europe: cross- national survey of crimes committed and of their remembrance, recognition, redress, and reconciliation Reports and proceedings of the 8 April European public hearing on“Crimes committed by totalitarian regimes”, organised by the Slovenian Presidency of the Council of the European Union (January–June 2008) and the European Commission
  7. ^ Example: changes"Among the Croats were real or alleged members or collaborators of the fascist regime. Killings were done presumably with the full knowledge of their supreme commander Josip Broz Tito" to "The majority of the Croats were members or collaborators of the fascist regime, although there were many frightened innocent people, however, these two were inextricably mixed and the pursuing partisans appear to have unfortunately labeled them all as traitors since they were fleeing with the fascist units that were attempting to surrender to British forces in Austria. Apart from Croats, present in the fleeing military columns were remaining units of the Serbian Chetniks and the Slovenian Bela Garda, the vast majority of both were killed as well. The British forces refused to accept the Ustasa's surrender as per the Allied agreement and they were prevented from entering the British occupied areas."
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