In different lights the formula <math>[\mathrm{m,}\mathrm{b}] = [\mathrm{m,}][\mathrm{b}]</math> presents itself as an ''aimed arrow'', ''fair sample'', or ''statistical independence'' condition. The concept of independence was illustrated above by means of a contrasting case. For ease of reference, the details of that counterexample are summarized below.
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In different lights the formula <math>[\mathrm{m,}\mathrm{b}] = [\mathrm{m,}][\mathrm{b}]\!</math> presents itself as an ''aimed arrow'', ''fair sample'', or ''statistical independence'' condition. The concept of independence was illustrated above by means of a case where that property fails. For ease of reference, the details of that counterexample are summarized below.