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'''Fiscal Year:''' Calendar year.
'''Fiscal Year:''' Calendar year.
== TRANSPORTATION AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS ==
== TRANSPORTATION AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS ==
'''Transportation Overview:''' Vietnam’s transportation system is in need of modernization and
Transportation Overview: Vietnam’s transportation system is in need of modernization and
expansion. Ports are operating at only one-third of capacity. Roads are in generally poor
expansion. Ports are operating at only one-third of capacity. Roads are in generally poor
condition, and the underdeveloped railroad system carries less freight than the inland waterways.
condition, and the underdeveloped railroad system carries less freight than the inland waterways.
invite private companies to bid for operating rights for six municipal bus routes.
invite private companies to bid for operating rights for six municipal bus routes.
Roads: Vietnam’s roads extend over 210,000 kilometers, implying a network density twice as
'''Roads:''' Vietnam’s roads extend over 210,000 kilometers, implying a network density twice as
high as Thailand’s and Malaysia’s. However, the condition of the roads is generally poor; only
high as Thailand’s and Malaysia’s. However, the condition of the roads is generally poor; only
13.5 percent of the roads are considered to be in good condition. Only 29 percent of the roads are
13.5 percent of the roads are considered to be in good condition. Only 29 percent of the roads are
seven people. Poorer citizens rely on bicycles, while only the affluent can afford cars.
seven people. Poorer citizens rely on bicycles, while only the affluent can afford cars.
Railroads: Vietnam has six single-track railroad routes with a total length of 3,260 kilometers.
'''Railroads:''' Vietnam has six single-track railroad routes with a total length of 3,260 kilometers. The network’s density is only about one-third the average for low-income countries. The longest railroad line measures 1,730 kilometers from Hanoi to Ho Chi Minh City and requires 32 hours to traverse on the Reunification Express. Of the nation’s inventory of rolling stock, 25 percent is
The network’s density is only about one-third the average for low-income countries. The longest
railroad line measures 1,730 kilometers from Hanoi to Ho Chi Minh City and requires 32 hours
to traverse on the Reunification Express. Of the nation’s inventory of rolling stock, 25 percent is
not operational. Twenty-five percent of the nation’s operational rolling stock is more than 30
not operational. Twenty-five percent of the nation’s operational rolling stock is more than 30
years old. Freight traffic picked up in 2000 and 2001 following five years of decline. Vietnam
years old. Freight traffic picked up in 2000 and 2001 following five years of decline. Vietnam
are estimated at US$800 million.
are estimated at US$800 million.
Ports: The principal ports in Vietnam, listed from north to south, are Haiphong, Quang Ninh,
'''Ports:''' The principal ports in Vietnam, listed from north to south, are Haiphong, Quang Ninh,
Danang, Qui Nhon, Ho Chi Minh City, and Can Tho. Altogether, Vietnam has seven
Danang, Qui Nhon, Ho Chi Minh City, and Can Tho. Altogether, Vietnam has seven
international ports and five additional ports that specialize in transporting oil and coal. The
international ports and five additional ports that specialize in transporting oil and coal. The
freight volume is about 14 million tons annually, compared with only 4.5 million tons in 1993.
freight volume is about 14 million tons annually, compared with only 4.5 million tons in 1993.
However, total traffic is only about one-third of capacity. Vietnamese ships carry only about 20
However, total traffic is only about one-third of capacity. Vietnamese ships carry only about 20
substantially.
substantially.
Inland Waterways: Vietnam’s inland waterways, primarily the Mekong River and Red River
'''Inland Waterways:''' Vietnam’s inland waterways, primarily the Mekong River and Red River
systems, carry more freight than the railroads, and the volume of freight is rising slowly.
systems, carry more freight than the railroads, and the volume of freight is rising slowly.
According to the World Bank, transportation productivity via the inland waterways is 40 percent
According to the World Bank, transportation productivity via the inland waterways is 40 percent
below the system’s potential, assuming proper maintenance, navigation aids, and dredging.
below the system’s potential, assuming proper maintenance, navigation aids, and dredging.
Civil Aviation and Airports: Vietnam operates 17 major civil airports, including three
'''Civil Aviation and Airports:''' Vietnam operates 17 major civil airports, including three
international gateways: Noi Bai serving Hanoi, Danang serving Danang City, and Tan Son Nhat
international gateways: Noi Bai serving Hanoi, Danang serving Danang City, and Tan Son Nhat
serving Ho Chi Minh City. Tan Son Nhat is the largest, handling 75 percent of international
serving Ho Chi Minh City. Tan Son Nhat is the largest, handling 75 percent of international
flights from Vietnam to Japan and Europe.
flights from Vietnam to Japan and Europe.
Pipelines: In April 1995, a 125-kilometer natural gas pipeline connecting Bach Ho with a power
'''Pipelines:''' In April 1995, a 125-kilometer natural gas pipeline connecting Bach Ho with a power plant near Vung Tau went into operation. With the subsequent addition of compressors, the
plant near Vung Tau went into operation. With the subsequent addition of compressors, the
volume pumped rose to more than 1 billion cubic meters per year. In 2005 a 399-kilometer
volume pumped rose to more than 1 billion cubic meters per year. In 2005 a 399-kilometer
underwater pipeline, the world’s longest, began to carry natural gas onshore from the Nam Con
underwater pipeline, the world’s longest, began to carry natural gas onshore from the Nam Con
has an estimated 59 billion cubic meters of natural gas reserves.
has an estimated 59 billion cubic meters of natural gas reserves.
Telecommunications: The International Telecommunication Union rates Vietnam’s
'''Telecommunications:''' The International Telecommunication Union rates Vietnam’s
telecommunications market the second fastest growing in the world after China. With rapid
telecommunications market the second fastest growing in the world after China. With rapid
telecommunications growth leading to 4.9 million landline telephones and 3.4 million mobile
telecommunications growth leading to 4.9 million landline telephones and 3.4 million mobile
had 8.2 million radios, or 100.45 per 1,000 people. There were 65 AM radio stations, 7 FM
had 8.2 million radios, or 100.45 per 1,000 people. There were 65 AM radio stations, 7 FM
stations, and 29 shortwave stations. Also in 2003, Vietnam had 3.6 million televisions, or 43.73
stations, and 29 shortwave stations. Also in 2003, Vietnam had 3.6 million televisions, or 43.73
per 1,000 people. Television broadcast stations numbered at least seven in 1998.
per 1,000 people. Television broadcast stations numbered at least seven in 1998.
== GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS ==
== GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS ==