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{{DISPLAYTITLE:The Zuvela Surname}}

{{DISPLAYTITLE:The Zuvela Surname}}

[[File:250px-Croatia-Dalmatia-1.jpg|thumb|right|400px|Dalmatia (the dark purple) within todays modern [[Croatia]] The island of Korcula is marked red.]]

[[File:250px-Croatia-Dalmatia-1.jpg|thumb|right|400px|Dalmatia (the dark purple) within todays modern [[Croatia]]. The island of Korcula is marked red.]]

The '''Zuvela''' surname has strong roots originating from the western end of the island of Korcula in [[Croatia]]. Its original spelling was '''Xuvella'''. Another variation on the surname is Zuvella and Žuvela. In the Croatian language the Ž is pronounced as J in French ''''J'''acques', so Ž is zh.

The '''Zuvela''' surname has strong roots originating from the western end of the island of Korcula in [[Croatia]]. Its original spelling was ''Xuvella''. There are other variations on the surname; Xuvélla, Zuvella and Žuvela (to name a few). In the Croatian language the Ž is pronounced as J in French ''''J'''acques', so Ž is zh.

== The Zuvela’s Arrived on the West End of Korcula in the Early 1600s ==

= The Zuvela’s Arrived on the West End of Korcula in the Early 1600s =

The Zuvela’s arrived on the west end of Korčula (in Croatian the c in Korcula is pronounced ''ch'' and is written "'''č'''") in the early 1600’s and settled in a small field called '''Rasohatica'''. There are still small remnants of stone huts there to this day. First time the surname ''Xuvella'' was mentioned was in Blato in a document dated 2nd of February '''1642'''.<ref>Vela Luka od 1490 do 1834 ''by'' Zvonko Maričić (p168)</ref> At the time, Korčula was part of the ''Republic of Venice'' within the Venetian Dalmatia province<ref>John Everett-Healu. "Dalmatia." Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names. Oxford University Press. 2005. Encyclopedia.com</ref> (Dalmazia Veneta ''or'' in old Venetian: Dalmàssia). From where the original Zuvelas migrated is still a mystery to this editor. The Republic of Venice <ref>Note: In old Venetian 'Repùblega Vèneta' also know as La Serenissima </ref> did have population movement within her eastern Mediterranean empire and did accept refugees and migrants within her boundaries during her long history. They came from all parts of [[Europe]] (i.e. Spain <ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=K7oAAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA116&dq=history+of+dalmatia+Spain+Spalato&hl=en&ei=9oL1TK61LYmxcbzkqOYE&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CC8Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false Dalmatia and Montenegro:] With a Journey to Mostar in Herzegovina -Volume 1 ''by'' John Gardner Wilkinson (p116).</ref>). Many of them were Christians from the Ottoman Empire <ref>[http://ukpmc.ac.uk/articles/PMC2121596;jsessionid=D7FB2EB2AF6E1C5733100CA2C94C626F.jvm1 The Land of 1000 Islands] ''by'' Igor Rudan Copyright © 2006 by the Croatian Medical Journal. All rights reserved.

The Zuvela’s arrived on the west end of Korčula in the early 1600’s and settled in a small field called '''Rasohatica''' (in Croatian the c in Korcula is pronounced ''ch'' and is written "'''č'''"). There are still small remnants of stone huts there to this day. First time the surname ''Xuvella'' was mentioned was in Blato in a document dated 2nd of February '''1642'''.<ref>'Vela Luka od 1490 do 1834' ''by'' Zvonko Maričić (page 168, written in Croatian ''or'' Hrvatski).

 

 

According to surviving documents <ref>Vela Luka od 1490 do 1834 ''by'' Zvonko Maričić (p168, written in Croatian).The information is taken from 'Vela Luka from 1490 to 1834 - Slike iz Velalučke Prošlosti'.

</ref> we have '''Antonio Xuvella''' (Autun):

 

 

 

 

At the time, Korčula was part of the ''Republic of Venice'' within the Venetian Dalmatia province<ref>John Everett-Healu. "Dalmatia." Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names. Oxford University Press. 2005. Encyclopedia.com</ref> (Dalmazia Veneta ''or'' in old Venetian: Dalmàssia). From where exactly the original Zuvelas migrated is still a mystery to this editor. The Republic of Venice <ref>Note: In old Venetian 'Repùblega de Venèsia' also know as La Serenissima </ref> did have population movement within her eastern Mediterranean empire and did accept refugees and migrants within her boundaries during her long history. They came from all parts of [[Europe]] (i.e. Spain <ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=K7oAAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA116&dq=history+of+dalmatia+Spain+Spalato&hl=en&ei=9oL1TK61LYmxcbzkqOYE&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CC8Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false Dalmatia and Montenegro:] With a Journey to Mostar in Herzegovina -Volume 1 ''by'' John Gardner Wilkinson (p116).</ref>). Many of them were Christians from the Ottoman Empire <ref>[http://ukpmc.ac.uk/articles/PMC2121596;jsessionid=D7FB2EB2AF6E1C5733100CA2C94C626F.jvm1 The Land of 1000 Islands] ''by'' Igor Rudan Copyright © 2006 by the Croatian Medical Journal. All rights reserved.

*"''However, the clashes between the Ottoman Empire and Venetian Republic produced extensive migrations from the mainland areas, especially from today's Bosnia and Herzegovina, to the eastern parts of the islands of Brac, Hvar, Korcula, and Pag.''"</ref> which ruled the Balkans for centuries.

*"''However, the clashes between the Ottoman Empire and Venetian Republic produced extensive migrations from the mainland areas, especially from today's Bosnia and Herzegovina, to the eastern parts of the islands of Brac, Hvar, Korcula, and Pag.''"</ref> which ruled the Balkans for centuries.

[[File:Croatia Rasohatica .jpg|thumb|left|455px|Rasohatica - One of the first stone Zuvela houses on the island (1600s)]]

[[File:Croatia Rasohatica .jpg|thumb|left|455px|Rasohatica - One of the first stone Zuvela houses on the island (1600s)]]

The Zuvelas abandoned Rasohatica and moved to live in the village of Blato. From there members of the Zuvela family moved to (and helped to establish) the town of Vela Luka. It is interesting to note that the Zuvelas have had houses in the bay of Vela Luka since the 1690s.  

 

 

The Zuvelas abandoned Rasohatica and moved to live in the village of Blato. From there members of the Zuvela family moved to the Bay of Vela Luka (and participated in establishing the town). It is interesting to note that the Zuvelas by the 1690s had houses in the bay of Vela Luka (farm/work cottages in the bay ''or'' as per map of Korčula by V.M Coronelli 1688, warehouses of sardines and wine).  

Zuvelas were engaged in sheep farming, construction and limestone klins. We have more; agriculture, fishing and seafaring just to mention a few occupations. They also liked to build on their land circular drywall cottages (locally Vrtujak also other names in the region; Kažun, Trullo, etc.).  

Zuvelas were engaged in sheep farming, construction and limestone klins. We have more; agriculture, fishing and seafaring just to mention a few occupations. They also liked to build on their land circular drywall cottages (locally Vrtujak also other names in the region; Kažun, Trullo, etc.).  

In more modern times they have migrated to [[Australia]] as well as the [[Directory:United States of America|United States]] and other parts of the world.

In more modern times they have migrated to [[Australia]] as well as the [[Directory:United States of America|United States]] and other parts of the world. According to 'The Statue of Liberty―Ellis Island Foundation Inc', one Zuvela Doda Marino in 1901 arrived in New York on the ship L'Aquitaine <ref> Steamship Line: Compagnie Générale Transatlantique CGT - French Line

'''Note''' according to www.familysearch.org a one Mike Zuvella was born on:

* 14th March '''1884''' in the city of San Francisco-[[Directory:California|California]], USA passed away in October 1970. <ref>[https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/V9R8-23D www.familysearch.org: Mike Zuvella]</ref>

'''''36'''. Xuvella. Of these people I don’t have old memories [any history] except for their primitive residence that was in Rasohatica from where they moved to Blato, Velikom Ucijaku. Afterwards from the 1700s they built large houses and floors/attics/lofts which now remain largely empty because of their move to Vela Luka'' <ref>Vela Luka-Historijsko Topografski Prikaz/Vallegrande nell' isola di Curzola by Nikola Ostojić ''Eng'': Vela Luka - Historical Topographic View</ref>}}  He wrote a book about the small town of Vela Luka in '''1852'''. As we can see by 1852 Nikola Ostojic states that the Zuvelas had no origin stories/old memories (as he puts it), which means by the mid 1850's it was not know from where they came from. The family by then had been on Korčula for over 215 years and  had lost their history. The book was published in 1953 (in Croatian) and was originally written in [[Italy|Italian]] (with a slight Venetian dialect).

The information concerning the early Zuvelas of Korčula is taken from a local 19th century historian from Blato called Nikola Ostojic (below): {{quote|

During the time of the writing of Nikola Ostojic's book (Vallegrande nell' isola di Curzola), Italian was the official language of the Dalmatian province<ref> Osnovna Škola "Vela Luka" Vela Luka Zbornik-150 Godina Školstva u Velaoj Luci (p12) written in Croatian.</ref> at the time and had been so for centuries. In the late 1850s the Croatian language which was referred to as '''Illyrian'''<ref> Osnovna Škola "Vela Luka" Vela Luka Zbornik-150 Godina Školstva u Velaoj Luci, (p.50) written in Croatian. </ref><ref>Illyrian is taken '''from Illyricum''' which was a province of the Roman Empire. It was named after one of the indigenous peoples in that region. Please note it was later established that the Slavic Croatian language had nothing to do with the  ancient Illyrian population of Europe. </ref> was introduced by the [[Austria|Austrian]] authorities as a second standardised language within the Kingdom of Dalmatia (Konigreich Dalmatien, which was part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire). It then replaced Italian altogether. Thus the surname Xuvella became '''Žuvela'''. From the late 19th century onwards the [[Dalmatian Italians|Dalmatian Italian]] culture has all but disappeared from the region. The last Italian language government school was abolished in Korčula  on the 13th of September 1876.<ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=kMXURN7sxh4C&pg=PA83&lpg=PA83&dq=The+Italians+of+Dalmatia+Curzola+school&source=bl&ots=Sx1bUxdn1A&sig=YCATl36eEUduI42Azs0GVUeepBo&hl=en#v=onepage&q=The%20Italians%20of%20Dalmatia%20Curzola%20school&f=false The Italians of Dalmatia] by Luciano Monzali (p83)</ref><ref>'''Editor's Note''': In the neighbouring '''Kingdom of Croatia''' (within Austro-Hungarian Empire, Königreich Kroatien - Österreichisch-Ungarische Monarchie) a [[Croatia|Croatian]] nationalistic movement was established and alongside that, within the Balkan region a Pan-Slavic movement was growing (the beginnings of the ill fated Yugoslavia). These political on goings started to be felt in the Kingdom of Dalmatia. The [[Austria|Austrians]] in the late 1850s started to introduce a  process of Croatisation, (Neo Shtokavian a form of Croato-Serbian)  within the Kingdom of Dalmatia a standardised Croatian language sometimes referred to as Illirski. It then replaced Italian altogether. In effect the government undertook culture genocide. For centuries the Italian language was the official language of the Dalmatian establishment. It was also the spoken language in white-collar, civil service and merchant families. For a few years Italian schools were still being run  privately in the Kingdom of Dalmatia, i.e the city of Zadar and Split (Lega Nazionale at Spalato).</ref>  

'''''36'''. Xuvella. Of these people I don’t have any history except for their primitive residence that was in Rasohatica from where they moved to Blato, Velikom Ucijaku. Afterwards from the 1700s they built large houses and floors/attics/lofts which now remain largely empty because of their move to Vela Luka'' <ref>Vela Luka-Historijsko Topografski Prikaz by Nikola Ostojić </ref>}}  He wrote a book about the town of Vela Luka in '''1853'''. The book was published in 1953. It was originally written in [[Italy|Italian]] (with a slight Venetian dialect). Italian was the official language of the Dalmatian province<ref> Osnovna Škola "Vela Luka" Vela Luka Zbornik-150 Godina Školstva u Velaoj Luci (p12)</ref> at the time and had been so for centuries.  

* Beginnings of Formal Education - Vela Luka '''states''':

In the late 1850s the Croatian language which was referred to as '''Illyrian'''<ref> Osnovna Škola "Vela Luka" Vela Luka Zbornik-150 Godina Školstva u Velaoj Luci, (p.50) written in Croatian </ref><ref>'''Illyrian is taken from Illyricum''' which was a province of the Roman Empire. It was named after one of the indigenous peoples in that region. Please note it was later established that the Slavic Croatian language had nothing to do with the  ancient Illyrian population of Europe. </ref> , was introduced by the [[Austria|Austrian]] authorities as a second standardised language within the Kingdom of Dalmatia (Konigreich Dalmatien, which was part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire). It then slowly replaced Italian altogether. Thus the surname Xuvella became '''Žuvela'''. From the late 19th century onwards the [[Dalmatian Italians|Dalmatian Italian]] culture has all but disappeared from the region. The last Italian language government school was abolished in Korčula  on the 13th of September 1876.<ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=kMXURN7sxh4C&pg=PA83&lpg=PA83&dq=The+Italians+of+Dalmatia+Curzola+school&source=bl&ots=Sx1bUxdn1A&sig=YCATl36eEUduI42Azs0GVUeepBo&hl=en#v=onepage&q=The%20Italians%20of%20Dalmatia%20Curzola%20school&f=false The Italians of Dalmatia] by Luciano Monzali (p83)</ref><ref>'''Editor's Note''': In the neighbouring '''Kingdom of Croatia''' (within Austro-Hungarian Empire, Königreich Kroatien - Österreichisch-Ungarische Monarchie) a [[Croatia|Croatian]] nationalistic movement was established and alongside that, within the Balkan region a Pan-Slavic movement was growing (the beginnings of the ill fated Yugoslavia). These political on goings started to be felt in the Kingdom of Dalmatia. The [[Austria|Austrians]] in the 1860s started to introduce (a  process of Croatisation, '''Neo Shtokavian''')  within the Kingdom of Dalmatia a standardised Croatian language sometimes referred to as Illirski. It then replaced Italian altogether. In effect the government undertook culture genocide. For centuries the Italian language was the official language of the Dalmatian establishment. It was also the spoken language in white-collar, civil service and merchant families. For a few years Italian schools were still being run  privately in the Kingdom of Dalmatia, i.e the city of Zadar and Split (Lega Nazionale at Spalato).</ref>  

* Beginnings of Formal Education - Vela Luka states:

{{quote|

{{quote|

''Italian language was not only the official language in all public Dalmatian establishments, but also was the spoken language in a significant number of white-collar, civil service and merchant families in the cities and major markets within towns'' <ref>The Early Beginnings of Formal Education - Vela Luka (beginnings of literacy and Lower Primary School 1857 – 1870) (p.12 written in Croatian, part of Vela Luka Zbornik-150 Godina Školstva u Velaoj Luci)</ref>}}

''Italian language was not only the official language in all public Dalmatian establishments, but also was the spoken language in a significant number of white-collar, civil service and merchant families in the cities and major markets within towns'' <ref>The Early Beginnings of Formal Education - Vela Luka (beginnings of literacy and Lower Primary School 1857 – 1870) (p.12 written in Croatian, part of Vela Luka Zbornik-150 Godina Školstva u Velaoj Luci)</ref>}}

* School year 1862./63.; III. r. [grade 3] ''Xuvella Giacobbo di Francesco'' <ref>Osnovna Škola "Vela Luka" Vela Luka Zbornik-150 Godina Školstva u Velaoj Luci (p50)

* School year 1862./63.; III. r. [grade 3] ''Xuvella Giacobbo di Francesco'' <ref>Osnovna Škola "Vela Luka" Vela Luka Zbornik-150 Godina Školstva u Velaoj Luci (p50)

* The Early Beginnings of Formal Education - Vela Luka (beginnings of literacy and Lower Primary School 1857 – 1870):

* The Early Beginnings of Formal Education - Vela Luka (beginnings of literacy and Lower Primary School 1857 – 1870) written in Croatian:

"''The article analyses the preparations for the foundation of the first regular primary school in Vela Luka based on numerous archival materials and bibliography. The school was founded as '''''Scuola Elementare Minore''''' in 1857. The introductory part examines a general context, i.e. development of Vela Luka as a town and a parish until the-mid 19th century. The article also gives a brief outline of formal education of girls.''"</ref>

"''The article analyses the preparations for the foundation of the first regular primary school in Vela Luka based on numerous archival materials and bibliography. The school was founded as '''''Scuola Elementare Minore''''' in 1857. The introductory part examines a general context, i.e. development of Vela Luka as a town and a parish until the-mid 19th century. The article also gives a brief outline of formal education of girls.''"</ref>

Historically the mother tongue of the majority of the population of the island of Korčula (in particularly the west end) is old Croatian.<ref>'''Editors note''': Recent DNA studies have stated that more than three quarters of today's Croatian men are the descendants of Europeans who inhabited Europe 13 000-20 000 years ago. The term Slav was first used by the Byzantines (i.e. Procopius-Byzantine scholar, Jordanes- 6th century Roman bureaucrat) and was recorded in the 6th century (c. 550) in Greek (Σκλαβῖνοι-Sklabenoi). Later in Latin it was written Sclaveni. Slavic tribes invaded the region of''' Roman Dalmatia''' in the early Middle Ages. Prior to the arrival of the Slavs, Roman Dalmatia was mainly inhabited by a '''Roman Latin-Illyrian''' population. The first primary source (factual-that its authenticity isn't disputed) to mention the Croatian-Hrvat identity in the Balkans was '''Duke Branimir''' (Latin:'' "Branimiro comite dux cruatorum cogitavit"''  c. 880 AD). Branimir was a '''Slav''' from Dalmatia.</ref> The [[Korcula Dialect|Korčula dialect]] <ref>NOTE: The local dialect is sometimes referred to as ''Naski'' or more correctly ''Naški''. The '''š''' is pronounced '''sh'''.  

Historically the mother tongue of the majority of the population of the island of Korčula (in particularly the west end) is Old Croatian.<ref>'''Editors note''': Recent DNA studies have stated that more than three quarters of today's Croatian men are the descendants of Europeans who inhabited Europe 13 000-20 000 years ago. The term Slav was first used by the Byzantines (i.e. Procopius-Byzantine scholar, Jordanes- 6th century Roman bureaucrat) and was recorded in the 6th century (c. 550) in Greek (Σκλαβῖνοι-Sklabenoi). Later in Latin it was written Sclaveni. Slavic tribes invaded the region of''' Roman Dalmatia''' in the early Middle Ages. Prior to the arrival of the Slavs, Roman Dalmatia was mainly inhabited by a '''Roman Latin-Illyrian''' population. The first primary source (factual-that its authenticity isn't disputed) to mention the Croatian-Hrvat identity in the Balkans was '''Duke Branimir''' (Latin:'' "Branimiro comite dux cruatorum cogitavit"''  c. 880 AD). Branimir was a '''Slav''' from Dalmatia.</ref> The [[Korcula Dialect|Korčula dialect]] <ref>NOTE: The local dialect is sometimes referred to as ''Naski'' or more correctly ''Naški''. The '''š''' is pronounced '''sh'''.  

*Sir John Gardner Wilkinson (an 19 century [[United Kingdom|English]] historian. October 5, 1797 – October 29, 1875) was an English traveller, writer and pioneer Egyptologist of the 19th century. He is often referred to as "the Father of British Egyptology". He referred to the Dalmatian Slavic (old Croatian) as Illirskee. Cited from [https://books.google.com.au/books?id=ONQBAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA33&dq=Dalmatia+and+Montenegro+Naski&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjv0ZjBzdDVAhXLG5QKHXe0DwAQ6AEILDAB#v=onepage&q=Dalmatia%20and%20Montenegro%20Naski&f=false Dalmatia and Montenegro: With a Journey to Mostar in Herzegovina] by Sir John Gardner Wilkinson. (p33)</ref> of local Croatian language acquired many influences over the centuries, such as the now extinct [[Latin]] Romance language Dalmatian,<ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=KZMjAQAAIAAJ&q=Dalmatian+language+korcula&dq=Dalmatian+language+korcula&hl=en&ei=WmNGTPzMH4GyvgPGq_i4Ag&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CDUQ6AEwAQ Collegium Antropologicum, Volumes 15-16] by Croatian Anthropological Society-1991. (p311)</ref> Venetian and others. It has to be taken into account that some parts of the population were bilingual (''or'' even multilingual).

*Sir John Gardner Wilkinson (an 19 century [[United Kingdom|English]] historian. October 5, 1797 – October 29, 1875) was an English traveller, writer and pioneer Egyptologist of the 19th century. He is often referred to as "the Father of British Egyptology". He referred to the Dalmatian Slavic (old Croatian) as Illirskee. Cited from [https://books.google.com.au/books?id=ONQBAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA33&dq=Dalmatia+and+Montenegro+Naski&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjv0ZjBzdDVAhXLG5QKHXe0DwAQ6AEILDAB#v=onepage&q=Dalmatia%20and%20Montenegro%20Naski&f=false Dalmatia and Montenegro: With a Journey to Mostar in Herzegovina] by Sir John Gardner Wilkinson. (p33)</ref> of the local Croatian language acquired many influences over the centuries, such as the now extinct [[Latin]] Romance language Dalmatian,<ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=KZMjAQAAIAAJ&q=Dalmatian+language+korcula&dq=Dalmatian+language+korcula&hl=en&ei=WmNGTPzMH4GyvgPGq_i4Ag&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CDUQ6AEwAQ Collegium Antropologicum, Volumes 15-16] by Croatian Anthropological Society-1991. (p311)</ref> Venetian and others. It has to be taken into account that some parts of the population were bilingual (''or'' even multilingual).

====EPIDEMIC of 1617====

====EPIDEMIC of 1617 - Conquests of the Ottoman Empire ====

As we know in the early 1600s, the Zuvelas settled in a small field, Rasohatica, at the western end of the island of Korčula. Perhaps they were fleeing from the territorial conquest of the Turks that lasted for centuries. Even after the conquest of the Ottoman Empire (the Turks) many people wanted to escape, and some of it is well documented.  

As we know in the early 1600s, the Zuvelas settled in a small field, Rasohatica, at the western end of the island of Korčula. Perhaps they were fleeing from the territorial conquest of the Turks that lasted for centuries. Even after the conquests of the Ottoman Empire (the Turks) many people wanted to escape, and some of it is well documented.  

Pandemics were present and were part of the Levant’s main trade route. Before the arrival of Zuvela on Korčula, there was an epidemic and depopulation. This made a lot of new land available. Below information is from doctor Nikola Bačić 2007:  

Pandemics were present and were part of the Levant’s (east) main trade route. Before the arrival of Zuvela on Korčula, there was an epidemic and depopulation. This made a lot of new land '''available'''. Below information is from doctor Nikola Bačić 2007 (taken from 'Plague Epidemic on the Island of Korcula 2007'):  

{{quote|

{{quote|

''13. EPIDEMIC 1617.

''13. EPIDEMIC 1617.

It swept all of Dalmatia, but left the most severe consequences on the island of Korčula. It appeared first with the sailors of the Venetian ship (as N. Ostojić describes) who wintered in Korčula that year. Suburban homes had to be emptied to turn into dwellings for diseased sailors. The contagion soon spread to citizens and within a few months more than half of the population had died. A particularly devastating disease was, according to the data, for wealthier residents, so many entire noble families who had a reputation for their homeland were extinct.}} Taken from 'Plague Epidemic on the Island of Korcula 2007'.

It swept all of Dalmatia, but left the most severe consequences on the island of Korčula. It appeared first with the sailors of the Venetian ship (as N. Ostojić describes) who wintered in Korčula that year. Suburban homes had to be emptied to turn into dwellings for diseased sailors. The contagion soon spread to citizens and within a few months more than half of the population had died. A particularly devastating disease was, according to the data, for wealthier residents, so many entire noble families who had a reputation [history] for their homeland were extinct.<ref> 'Plague Epidemic on the Island of Korcula' by Nikola Bačić 2007, Epidemije kuge na otoku Korčuli, Nikola Bačić; Dom zdravlja Dr. A. Franulovića Vela Luka: https://hrcak.srce.hr/298317 </ref>}}

 

[[File:Book-Ostojic.jpg|thumb|center|450px|Detail of Nikola Ostojic's writing (p29).]]

[[File:Croatia Vela Luka.JPG|thumb|left|450px|Vela Luka (Croatia) on the island of Korčula.]]

 

 

[[File:Zuvella Trullo.jpg|thumb|right|450px|A Zuvela circular dry stone building in Bradat. According to the locals (Vela Luka) the Zuvelas built them. Locally they are referred to as a '''Vrtujak'''.]]

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

==Zuvela Vrtujaks==

=== New York Passenger Arrival Lists (Ellis Island) 1892-1924 ===

 

 

== New York Passenger Arrival Lists (Ellis Island) 1892-1924 ==

[[File:Korcula Postcard 1902.jpg|thumb|right|275px|A '''Korcula''' postcard from 1902 in Italian.]]

[[File:Korcula Postcard 1902.jpg|thumb|right|275px|A '''Korcula''' postcard from 1902 in Italian.]]

In 1907 a young 18 year old Peter Zuvela arrived in [[New York]]. On the ''"List or Manifest of alien Passengers for the U.S Immigration Officer at port of arrival"'' his name is registered as Peter Ante Zuvela. Later for some reason it was change to Peter Zuvola. In the actual Immigration Manifest there is mention of another Zuvela, both were registered as Non Immigration Aliens.

In 1907 a young 18 year old Peter Zuvela arrived in [[New York]]. On the ''"List or Manifest of alien Passengers for the U.S Immigration Officer at port of arrival"'' his name is registered as Peter Ante Zuvela. Later for some reason it was change to Peter Zuvola. In the actual Immigration Manifest there is mention of another Zuvela, both were registered as Non Immigration Aliens.

* Ship of travel: Pannonia

* Ship of travel: Pannonia

Peter Ante Zuvela <ref>Back in the old country (Korcula), he would have been know as Petar Žuvela - Ante. Ante is a family Zuvela clan nick name.</ref> immigrated with his sisters Marija and Vica. In 1912 he married Marija Oreb (also from Vela Luka). They had 10 children and 37 grandchildren. Peter worked in the iron ore mines and on commercial fishing boats. In 1937 the whole family of 10 kids moved to Washington state (USA) and settled in Everett where he lived until his death in 1964.

Peter Ante Zuvela immigrated from the Austro-Hungarian Empire with his sisters Marija and Vica to the USA. In 1912 he married Marija Oreb (also from Vela Luka, Korčula). They had 10 children and 37 grandchildren. Peter worked in the iron ore mines and on commercial fishing boats. In 1937 the whole family of 10 kids moved to Washington state (USA) and settled in Everett where he lived until his death in 1964. Back in the old country (Korčula island), he would have been know as Petar Žuvela - Ante. Ante is a family Zuvela clan nickname.

[[File:PZ Peter Zuvela (1889-1964) and Marija Oreb (1891-1966).jpg|thumb|left|490px|Peter Zuvela (1889-1964) and Marija Oreb (1891-1966) Taken in their back yard in Everett Washington (circa 1950’s)]]

[[File:PZ Peter Zuvela (1889-1964) and Marija Oreb (1891-1966).jpg|thumb|left|490px|Peter Zuvela (1889-1964) and Marija Oreb (1891-1966) Taken in their back yard in Everett Washington (circa 1950’s).]]

[[File:242424 1862049509067 689609 o.jpg|thumb|right|475px|A ''Vela Luka-Vallegrande'' postcard from the early 1900s written in Croatian and  [[Italy|Italian]]. Photo taken by E. Furlani]]

 

'''List from Korcula <ref> Mainly referenced from https://heritage.statueofliberty.org/passenger-result </ref>:'''

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

'''List from Korcula <ref>mainly referenced from https://familysearch.org/search/collection/results?count=20&query=%2Bsurname%3AZuvela~&collection_id=1368704</ref>:'''

The spelling is ''per'' the New York Passenger Arrival Lists of Ellis Island.

The spelling is ''per'' the New York Passenger Arrival Lists of Ellis Island.

19.  Petar Zuvela - Raguse, Herzegov (USA) 1920

19.  Petar Zuvela - Raguse, Herzegov (USA) 1920

20.  Mare Zuvela Grizim - Valegranda, Jugoslavia 1921 <ref>referenced from https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:J6NH-PTP</ref>

20.  Mare Zuvela Grizim - Valegranda, Jugoslavia 1921 <ref>Mainly referenced from https://heritage.statueofliberty.org/passenger-result</ref>

=='''Additional''' surnames similar to Zuvella but not of Korčula origins plus Zouvelos==

=='''Additional''' Surnames Similar to Zuvella but not of Korčula Origins plus Zouvelos (Ellis Island)==

Athena Zouvella from Zakynthos, Greece 1922  [http://www.ellisisland.org/search/matchMore.asp?LNM=ZOUVELLA&PLNM=ZOUVELLA&kind=exact&offset=0&dwpdone=1]. Zouvella (modern Zouvela) from Zakynthos is the closest spelling to Xuvella. It is very probable that Zuvela's came from Zouvelos. The Greek source Zouvelos (Ζουβέλος) with the arrival of the Republic of Venice in Greece's coastal area, I assume that the old Venetian influence made it Zouvella. When the surname passed to Dalmazia Veneta (for example Korčula, southern Dalmatia, today part of modern Croatia) it was written in Xuvella. At the time of arrival of Zuvelas, a large population of Croats already lived on the island of Korčula.  "Zo" was changed to X. Basically, old Croatian and more Venetian influences were added. X was sometimes used in the old Venetian-Italian language to write (modern) Žrnovo as Xernova, a small village on Korčula. The family name Žanetić was written Xacnich.  

* We have migrant Athena Zouvella from Zakynthos, Greece 1922  [http://www.ellisisland.org/search/matchMore.asp?LNM=ZOUVELLA&PLNM=ZOUVELLA&kind=exact&offset=0&dwpdone=1] per New York Passenger Arrival Lists - Ellis Island.  

===Additional===  

===Additional===  

* Felippa Zavello Ianain 1892  

* Felippa Zavello Ianain 1892  

* Emanuele Zivello Castelfranci, Italy 1910 [http://www.ellisisland.org/search/matchMore.asp?LNM=ZIVELLO&PLNM=ZIVELLO&first_kind=1&kind=exact&offset=0&dwpdone=1]

* Emanuele Zivello Castelfranci, Italy 1910 [http://www.ellisisland.org/search/matchMore.asp?LNM=ZIVELLO&PLNM=ZIVELLO&first_kind=1&kind=exact&offset=0&dwpdone=1]

 

==THE OLD (stare) ZUVELAs==  

Based on the records and information which are available to me, I have come to this conclusion written below. My research is largely based on the writings of Zvonko Maričić and Don Ivo Oreb (family tree research) ''plus'' Nikola Ostojic's original book (for viewing) and four 'Family Trees of the Žuvelas' that were kindly given to me.  

 

==THE OLD (stare) XUVELLAs==  

Based on the records and information which are available to me, I have come to this conclusion written below. My research is largely based on the writings of Zvonko Maričić (Maricich) and Nikola Ostojic ''plus'' his original book (for viewing) and three 'Family Trees of the Zuvelas' that were kindly given to me.  

 

'''CONCLUSION'''

'''CONCLUSION'''

The Zuvelas came to the Republic of Venice's, Dalmazia Veneta in the 1630s (most likely refugees). They settled in the west end of the island of Korčula (previously ''also know'' as Curzola <ref>Greek: Kórkyra Melaena or Κόρκυρα Μέλαινα, and Corcyra Nigra (Latin)</ref>). Temporary residency was set up in a small field called Rasohatica (previously know ''as'' Rasohatija). After that they moved to Blato (previously also know as Blatta).  

The Zuvelas came to the Republic of Venice's, Dalmazia Veneta in the 1620s most likely refugees from Greece (Greco-Venetian original Zouvello modern Zouvela Greek alphabet: Ζουβέλα or Zouvelos, Greek alphabet: Ζουβέλος, Antonios, Greek alphabet: Αντώνιος and Antonis Greek alphabet: Αντώνης). They settled, in the west end of the island of Korčula (previously ''also know'' as Curzola <ref>Greek: Kórkyra Melaena or Κόρκυρα Μέλαινα, and Corcyra Nigra (Latin)</ref>). Temporary residency was set up in a small field called Rasohatica (previously know ''as'' Rasohatija). After that they moved to Blato (previously '''also''' know as Blatta).  

Three male names come up in my research that are '''not recorded''' as being born on Korčula (not registered ''via'' church records of births):  

Antonio Xuvella comes up in my research that is '''not''' recorded as being born on Korčula (not registered ''via'' church records of births). However Antonio (modern Croatian: Antun) is mentioned in the town documents <ref>Vela Luka od 1490 do 1834 ''by'' Zvonko Maričić (p168, written in Croatian). It mentions  '''Antun''' (Antonio) who is not part of the Zuvela Korčula born family tree (''or'' any family trees). This could indicate him as a Korčula island '''migrant''' arrival, also read '''ref ''' 7</ref> and his record is the oldest which was in Blato dated 2nd of February 1642. 

* Antonio Xuvella

Antonio Xuvella is mentioned in the town documents<ref>Vela Luka od 1490 do 1834 ''by'' Zvonko Maričić (p168). It mentions '''Antun''' who is not part of the Zuvela Korčula born family trees (''or'' any family tree). This could indicate him as a Korčula island '''migrant''' arrival.</ref>

Antonio (Antun) was probably the father of the Zuvela family because his generation (records wise) is older than the others. I have come to a conclusion based on family naming traditions that his wife might have been called Jacquilin, Greek: Zaklín or Ζακλίν (Cro: Jaka, Jakica). They had five sons and the first are written according to the historical original sources (the translation work is done by Don Ivo Oreb of his family tree research) and one additional from Zvonko Maričić (ref 26).

and his record is the oldest which was in Blato dated 2nd of February 1642.  

Antonio Xuvella (Antun) was probably the father of the Zuvela family because his generation seems to be older than the others.

'''1.''' Matteo

*Antonio had a son called '''Jakov''' (Giacobbe).<ref>Info obtain ''via'' Zvonko Maričić's work. He writes  ''"….  Jakovu [Giacobbe] Žuveliću  of late Antun [Antonio] one small piece of land ..... "''. Referenced from 'Vela Luka od 1490 do 1834' by Zvonko Maričić, page 168.</ref>

'''2.''' Cosma

*Cosma had a son called '''Ivan''' (Giovanni).<ref>Info obtain ''via'' Zvonko Maričić's work. He writes  ''"…. or Ivan [Giovanni] son of the late Kuzma [Cosma] 22nd of December 1672"''. Referenced from 'Vela Luka od 1490 do 1834' by Zvonko Maričić, page 168.

'''3.''' Giacobbe <ref>Info obtain ''via'' Zvonko Maričić's work. He writes  ''"…. Thus, in the contract of 15th of February 1672 "  " freely gives to Jakov [Giacobbe] Žuvelić  of the late Antun [Antonio].... one piece of land ..... "''. Referenced from 'Vela Luka od 1490 do 1834' by Zvonko Maričić, page 168. Written in Croatian.</ref>

According to Zvonko Maričić, Ivan was a witness to a contract being signed in 1672 and '''his father was Kuzme'''. Kuzma is not part of the Zuvela Korčula family trees as being born on the island, this may indicate him as a migrant arrival.

'''4.''' Antonio

'''Please note''': It would seem that the old Xuvellas could read. We are looking at Old Venetian-Italian. </ref>

'''5.''' Nicolo

In Don Ivo Oreb's work there are no dates of birth for these individuals. His ''Croatian version'' is based on the source documents that are written in Venetian Italian.

*Matteo had a son called '''Antun''' (Antonio) who was born '''1651''' on Korčula. <ref>According to one of the Zuvela family tree Ante (Antonio) was '''born 1651''' and is the son of Matija. Matija/Matteo Xuvella is not part of the Zuvela Korčula family tree as being born on the island of Korčula.</ref>

==The Newly Arrived Zuvela's Started Families==

Antun (Antonio ''or'' Ante) then married Frana and they had five children (Matteo's grand children):

'''1.''' son Matteo/'''modern Matij''' had a son called '''Antun''' (Antonio) who was born in '''1651''' on Korčula (mostly likely first born on the island of Korčula). <ref>According to two of the Zuvela family trees Ante (Antonio) was '''born 1651''' and is the son of Matteo/Matij. Matteo/Matij Xuvella is not part of the Zuvela Korčula family trees as being born on the island of Korčula.</ref>

* '''Matija''' (Matteo) born 1670 (Matija married Kata)

* '''Marin''' (Marino) 1675

* '''Ivan''' (Giovanni) 1681

Referenced from the Zuvela - Grizun family tree as Antun and Frana who in total had five children.

 

 

Importantly the early Zuvelas in economic terms were no time wasters (wealth might have been brought with them). A Mr Antonio Xuvella in the 1640s was an owner of no less than 211 sheep. The Zuvelas moved to the near by village of Blato and bought, acquired houses and properties there, later land and properties acquired ''or'' bought in and around the bay of Vela Luka (previously ''also know'' as Vallegrande <ref>Latin: valle maxima</ref>).

 

For many centuries Romance Latin language called Dalmatian was the norm on the island. Later it was joined by old Croatian Chakavian language  <ref>Smiciklas, ''CD'' V, (p237); N. Klaic, ''Povijest Hrvata u Razvijenom'', (p130): ''"In 1262 the Venetian praised the Slavs and Latins on the island of Korcula for submitting to the prince Venice had sent."''

'''Note''': What we can '''safely assume''' is that from the 13th century onwards there were '''two ethnic''' communities living on the island in the middle ages, one being descendants of the Roman Empire and the other being of Slavic descent </ref><ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=p3oGybOY1w4C&pg=PA103&dq=korcula+Venice++Slavs&hl=en&ei=oMBjTJPQBoicvgPkpPCeCg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CE4Q6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=korcula%20Venice%20%20Slavs&f=false When Ethnicity Did not Matter in the Balkans:] by John Van Antwerp Fine. (p103)</ref>. With time these languages started to overlap. By the time the Zuvelas arrived on the island the majority of the population of the island of Korčula (in particularly the west end) spoke ''old Croatian'' <ref>Closely related to Chakavian of the 15th century. " ''..... Chakavian dialects of western Croatia, Istria, the coast of Dalmatia (where a literature in that dialect developed in the 15th century), and some islands in the Adriatic. In those areas...'' " '''taken''' from http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/104539/Chakavian</ref> with a mix of the Romance Dalmatian language <ref>Dalmatian-language:''"Dalmatian language,  extinct Romance language formerly spoken along the Dalmatian coast from the island of Veglia (modern Krk) to Ragusa (modern Dubrovnik). Ragusan Dalmatian probably disappeared in the 17th century; the Vegliot Dalmatian dialect became extinct in the 19th century"'' '''taken''' from http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/150247/Dalmatian-language.</ref> and with heavy influences of Venetian (''lingua franca'' of that era). This is in essence is the old Korčula dialect.

 

So with time verbally Antonio would become '''Antun''' ''or'' Ante. It is quite possible later that both verbally Antonio and Ante were used with Antonio slowly disappearing from local language, a process of several centuries. Written language was a different story, Latin and Venetian Italian were the standard written language back then so Antonio still existed in written form. In 1797 the island of Korčula was no longer part of the Republic of Venice (dissolved by the French Empire: 1797). The last Italian language government school was abolished in the town of Korčula on the 13th of September 1876.

 

Currently my thoughts on the actual word Xuvella as a surname might have been reinterpret with the Zuvelas arrival on the island in the early 1600s, which also signalled a new fresh start for the family.

 

 

[[File:Book detail 19th century.jpg|thumb|left|550px|Detail of Nikola Ostojic's book (front cover) from the 19th century were the Xuvellas are mentioned.]]

 

 

=External links=

==External links==

* [http://www.apartmanija.hr/slike/slike_gradovi/korcula.jpg Photo link for a '''aerial view''' of Korcula Town]

* [http://www.apartmanija.hr/slike/slike_gradovi/korcula.jpg Photo link for a '''aerial view''' of Korcula Town]

* [http://www.korculainfo.com/ Korcula Info]

* [http://www.korculainfo.com/ Korcula Info]

* [http://www.baseball-almanac.com/players/player.php?p=zuvelpa01 Paul '''Zuvella''' - former USA Major League Baseball player]

* [http://www.baseball-almanac.com/players/player.php?p=zuvelpa01 Paul Zuvella - former USA Major League Baseball player]

* [http://www.natashazuvela.com/ Natasha Zuvela - Australian TV Presenter, Speaker and Author]

* [http://www.natashazuvela.com/ Natasha Zuvela - Australian TV Presenter, Speaker and Author]

* [http://www.berserkalert.com.au/ Tony Zuvela - Australian cartoonist]

* [http://www.berserkalert.com.au/ Tony Zuvela - Australian cartoonist]

* [https://www.discogs.com/artist/6181925 Domenica Žuvela a Croatian singer]

* [https://www.discogs.com/artist/6181925 Domenica Žuvela a Croatian singer]

 

[[File:St Damian.jpg|thumb|left|455px|The '''Chapel''' of Saint Cosmas (Kuzma) and Saint Damian on the island of Korcula. The foundations are from the 6th century AD (Roman), whilst the rest of the ''Chapel'' was rebuilt in the 11 century. The Chapel is near by Blato and Rasohatica. Photo by [[Peter Zuvela]] ]]

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[[Keyword:=Korcula History]]

[[Keyword:=Korcula History]]

[[Keyword:=Korčula]]

[[Keyword:=Korčula]]

[[Keyword:=Vela Luka]]

[[Keyword:=Vela Luka]]

[[Keyword:=Dalmatian]]

[[Keyword:=Dalmatian]]

[[Keyword:=Republic of Venice]]  

[[Keyword:=Republic of Venice]]  

[[Keyword:=Venetian]]  

[[Keyword:=Venetian]]  

[[Keyword:=Natasha Zuvela]]  

[[Keyword:=Natasha Zuvela]]  

[[Keyword:=Tony Zuvela]]  

[[Keyword:=Tony Zuvela]]  

[[Keyword:=Paul Zuvella]]  

[[Keyword:=Paul Zuvella]]  

</div>

</div>

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