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'''Les Golden''' is an astronomer as well as an internationally-known gambling writer, actor, and political, environmental, and animal welfare activist.  He lives in Oak Park, [[Illinois]].<ref> http://www.illinoisauthors.org/authors/Leslie_Morris_Golden</ref><ref>http://www.librarything.com/profile/Les_Golden</ref><ref> http://www.librarything.com/author/goldenlesliem</ref><ref>http://www.authorsden.com/lesgolden</ref>  He has written for "gambling.com", "iGamingBusiness", "gamblingonline", and [[Bluff Magazine|"Bluff Europe"]] print magazines. He became aware of card counting systems and became a card counter at the popular casino game of blackjack while a graduate student at the University of California, Berkeley, by reading the 1966 revised edition of Beat the Dealer,<ref>Thorp, E. O.  (1966) ''Beat the Dealer: A Winning Strategy for the Game of Twenty-One'', Random House, New York</ref> the seminal work of mathematician Edward O. Thorp, who was aided in his computer simulations by programmers Julian Braun and Harvey Dubner.<ref>Thorp, E. O. (1966),''Beat the Dealer: A Winning Strategy for the Game of Twenty-One'', Random House, New York, pp. 93-94</ref>  As a graduate student in astronomy at the University of California, Berkeley, Golden made monthly trips to [[Reno]], [[Nevada]] and played blackjack using Thorp’s systems.  He is the developer of the [[Golden Diagram]] <ref name="lexica"/> technique for countering casino countermeasures at blackjack and the Magic Circle system for winning at biased roulette wheels.  Golden was named an International Gambling Institute (IGI) Scholar (University of Nevada, Las Vegas) Scholar for 2106.  He currently resides in Oak Park, [[Illinois]], and [[Reno]], [[Nevada]].

'''Les Golden''' is an astronomer as well as an internationally-known gambling writer, actor, and political, environmental, and animal welfare activist.  He lives in Oak Park, [[Illinois]].<ref> http://www.illinoisauthors.org/authors/Leslie_Morris_Golden</ref><ref>http://www.librarything.com/profile/Les_Golden</ref><ref> http://www.librarything.com/author/goldenlesliem</ref><ref>http://www.authorsden.com/lesgolden</ref>  He has written for "gambling.com", "iGamingBusiness", "gamblingonline", and [[Bluff Magazine|"Bluff Europe"]] print magazines. He became aware of card counting systems and became a card counter at the popular casino game of blackjack while a graduate student at the University of California, Berkeley, by reading the 1966 revised edition of Beat the Dealer,<ref>Thorp, E. O.  (1966) ''Beat the Dealer: A Winning Strategy for the Game of Twenty-One'', Random House, New York</ref> the seminal work of mathematician Edward O. Thorp, who was aided in his computer simulations by programmers Julian Braun and Harvey Dubner.<ref>Thorp, E. O. (1966),''Beat the Dealer: A Winning Strategy for the Game of Twenty-One'', Random House, New York, pp. 93-94</ref>  As a graduate student in astronomy at the University of California, Berkeley, Golden made monthly trips to [[Reno]], [[Nevada]] and played blackjack using Thorp’s systems.  He is the developer of the [[Golden Diagram]] <ref name="lexica"/> technique for countering casino countermeasures at blackjack and the Magic Circle system for winning at biased roulette wheels.  Dr. Golden was named an [[International Gaming Institute Scholar]] (IGI) (University of Nevada, Las Vegas) for 2016.  He currently resides in Oak Park, [[Illinois]], and [[Reno]], [[Nevada]].  He currently resides in Oak Park, [[Illinois]], and [[Reno]], [[Nevada]].

 

==Background==

==Background==