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Line 257: − − '''Korčula's''' old name was Curzola. The island was from 1420 to 1797 part of the ''Republic of Venice''. The Old-Slavic term was Krkar. According to [[Directory:Korcula History|Nikola Ostojic]] (Compendio Storico dell Isola di Curzola) the Greeks named it "Black Corfu" (Kórkyra Melaena) after their homeland and the dense woods on the island. <ref>Historical Compendium of the Island of Korcula by Nikola Ostojic (p.5) − * Corcira Melaena (Greek:Kórkyra Melaena)</ref> Vela Luka in the past was called ''Vallegrande''. − − '''Note''': The last Italian-language government school was abolished in Korčula (Curzola) on the 13th of September 1876.<ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=kMXURN7sxh4C&pg=PA83&lpg=PA83&dq=The+Italians+of+Dalmatia+Curzola+school&source=bl&ots=Sx1bUxdn1A&sig=YCATl36eEUduI42Azs0GVUeepBo&hl=en#v=onepage&q=The%20Italians%20of%20Dalmatia%20Curzola%20school&f=false The Italians of Dalmatia] by Luciano Monzali (p83)</ref><ref>'''Editor's Note''': The island of Korcula was part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire (1815 to 1918). It was was part of the Kingdom of Dalmatia. In the neighbouring '''Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia''' a [[Croatia|Croatian]] nationalistic movement was established and alongside that, within the Balkan region a Pan-Slavic movement was growing (the beginnings of the ill fated Yugoslavia). These political on goings started to be felt in the Kingdom of Dalmatia. The [[Austria|Austrians]] in the 1860s started to introduce (a process of [[Croatisation]]) within the Kingdom of Dalmatia a standardised Croatian language sometimes referred to as Illirski. It then replaced Italian altogether. In effect the government undertook culture genocide. For centuries the Italian language was the official language of the Dalmatian establishment. It was also the spoken language in white-collar, civil service and merchant families.Privately Italian schools were still being run in the Kingdom of Dalmatia, i.e the city of Zadar. </ref> − * Information below taken from Beginnings of Formal Education - Vela Luka: − {{Cquote|''Italian language was not only the official language in all public Dalmatian establishments, but also was the spoken language in a significant number of white-collar, civil service and merchant families in the cities and major markets within towns'' <ref>The Early Beginnings of Formal Education - Vela Luka (beginnings of literacy and Lower Primary School 1857 – 1870) (p.8 written in Croatian)</ref>}} − * From the late 19th century onwards the old [[Dalmatian Italians#The Cultural and Historical Venetian Presence in Dalmatia |Dalmatian]] culture has been all but disappearing from the region. − [[File:242424 1862049509067 689609 o.jpg|thumb|right|500px|A ''Vela Luka-Vallegrande'' postcard from 1903, written in Croatian and [[Italy|Italian]]. Photo taken by Ernesto Furlani. The last Italian language government school was abolished on Korcula on the 13th of September 1876.]] − ===Chronology-Korcula Island Languages=== − * Illyrian (Delmatae) − * Greek − * Latin (Romans) − * Romance Dalmatian − * Slavic (Old Croatian-Chakavian) − * Venetian − * Slavic - Shtokavian − * Italian (standardise language arrived) − * Serbo-Croatian (standardise language) − Modern times − * Croatian (standardise language) − − == Additional History == − − ===Arneri Lords of Korcula=== − − Historic quote taken from ''Researches on the Danube and the Adriatic'' written by Andrew Archibald Paton in '''1861'''. Chapter 4 - The Dalmatian Archipelago on page 164. − * Signor Arneri from the town of Korčula stated to Andrew Archibald Paton: − − {{Cquote| ''These three pears you see on the wall," said he, "are the arms of my family. Perussich was the name, when, in the earlier part of the fifteenth century, my ancestors built this palace; so that, you see, I am Dalmatian. All the family, fathers, sons, and brothers, used to serve in the fleets of the Republic (Editors notes: Republic of Venice); but the hero of our race was Arneri Perussich, whose statue you see there, who fought, bled, and died at the Siege of Candia,<ref>The '''Siege of Candia''' (modern Heraklion, Crete) was a military conflict in which Ottoman forces besieged the Venetian ruled city and were victorious. Lasting from 1648 to 1669, it is considered by some to be the longest siege in history.</ref> whose memory was honoured by the Republic, and whose surviving family was liberally pensioned; so his name of our race. We became Arneri, and ceased to be Perussich'' <ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=E_NBAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA164&dq=These+three+pears+you+see+on+the+wall,%22+said+he,+%22are+the+arms+of+my+family.+Perussich+was+the+name,&hl=en&ei=AsG-TYzeBIa0vwOH4OWsDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCsQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=These%20three%20pears%20you%20see%20on%20the%20wall%2C%22%20said%20he%2C%20%22are%20the%20arms%20of%20my%20family.%20Perussich%20was%20the%20name%2C&f=false Researches on the Danube and the Adriatic:] by Andrew Archibald Paton. Chapter 4. The Dalmatian Archipelago. (p164)</ref><ref>Otok Korčula (2nd edition) by [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=wQipYgEACAAJ&dq=inauthor:%22Marinko+Gjivoje%22&hl=en&ei=5ACLTY6yLMGXceO2sIYK&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=8&ved=0CEcQ6AEwBw Marinko Gjivoje], Zagreb 1969. − *Editors note: Here is a perfect example of a Slavic family surname becoming later Venetian in character. According to Marinko Gjivoje, Perussich in modern Croatian is ''Piruzović''. The book outlines A-Z about the island of Korcula, from traditions, history, culture to wildlife, politics & geography. (p46-p47)</ref>}} − *Andrew Archibald Paton (1811-1874) was a British diplomat and writer from the 19 century he visited Korčula in the early 1860s. −
mv
* Sir John Gardner Wilkinson (October 5, 1797 – October 29, 1875) was an English traveller, writer and pioneer Egyptologist of the 19th century. He is often referred to as "the Father of British Egyptology".</ref> a 19 century [[United Kingdom|English]] historian, referred to the Dalmatian Slavic dialect as Illirskee.<ref>'''Illyricum''' was a Roman province named after one of the Indigenous groups in the region.</ref>
* Sir John Gardner Wilkinson (October 5, 1797 – October 29, 1875) was an English traveller, writer and pioneer Egyptologist of the 19th century. He is often referred to as "the Father of British Egyptology".</ref> a 19 century [[United Kingdom|English]] historian, referred to the Dalmatian Slavic dialect as Illirskee.<ref>'''Illyricum''' was a Roman province named after one of the Indigenous groups in the region.</ref>
One of '''Korčula's''' old names was Curzola. The island was from 1420 to 1797 part of the ''Republic of Venice''. The Old-Slavic term was Krkar. According to [[Directory:Korcula History|Nikola Ostojic]] (Compendio Storico dell Isola di Curzola) the Greeks named it "Black Corfu" (Kórkyra Melaena) after their homeland and the dense woods on the island. <ref>Historical Compendium of the Island of Korcula by Nikola Ostojic (p.5)
* Corcira Melaena (Greek:Kórkyra Melaena)</ref> Vela Luka in the past was called ''Vallegrande''.
'''Note''': The last Italian-language government school was abolished in Korčula (Curzola) on the 13th of September 1876.<ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=kMXURN7sxh4C&pg=PA83&lpg=PA83&dq=The+Italians+of+Dalmatia+Curzola+school&source=bl&ots=Sx1bUxdn1A&sig=YCATl36eEUduI42Azs0GVUeepBo&hl=en#v=onepage&q=The%20Italians%20of%20Dalmatia%20Curzola%20school&f=false The Italians of Dalmatia] by Luciano Monzali (p83)</ref><ref>'''Editor's Note''': The island of Korcula was part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire (1815 to 1918). It was was part of the Kingdom of Dalmatia. In the neighbouring '''Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia''' a [[Croatia|Croatian]] nationalistic movement was established and alongside that, within the Balkan region a Pan-Slavic movement was growing (the beginnings of the ill fated Yugoslavia). These political on goings started to be felt in the Kingdom of Dalmatia. The [[Austria|Austrians]] in the 1860s started to introduce (a process of [[Croatisation]]) within the Kingdom of Dalmatia a standardised Croatian language sometimes referred to as Illirski. It then replaced Italian altogether. In effect the government undertook culture genocide. For centuries the Italian language was the official language of the Dalmatian establishment. It was also the spoken language in white-collar, civil service and merchant families.Privately Italian schools were still being run in the Kingdom of Dalmatia, i.e the city of Zadar. </ref>
* Information below taken from Beginnings of Formal Education - Vela Luka:
{{Cquote|''Italian language was not only the official language in all public Dalmatian establishments, but also was the spoken language in a significant number of white-collar, civil service and merchant families in the cities and major markets within towns'' <ref>The Early Beginnings of Formal Education - Vela Luka (beginnings of literacy and Lower Primary School 1857 – 1870) (p.8 written in Croatian)</ref>}}
* From the late 19th century onwards the old [[Dalmatian Italians#The Cultural and Historical Venetian Presence in Dalmatia |Dalmatian]] culture has been all but disappearing from the region.
[[File:242424 1862049509067 689609 o.jpg|thumb|right|500px|A ''Vela Luka-Vallegrande'' postcard from 1903, written in Croatian and [[Italy|Italian]]. Photo taken by Ernesto Furlani. The last Italian language government school was abolished on Korcula on the 13th of September 1876.]]
===Chronology-Korcula Island Languages===
* Illyrian (Delmatae)
* Greek
* Latin (Romans)
* Romance Dalmatian
* Slavic (Old Croatian-Chakavian)
* Venetian
* Slavic - Shtokavian
* Italian (standardise language arrived)
* Serbo-Croatian (standardise language)
Modern times
* Croatian (standardise language)
== Additional History ==
===Arneri Lords of Korcula===
Historic quote taken from ''Researches on the Danube and the Adriatic'' written by Andrew Archibald Paton in '''1861'''. Chapter 4 - The Dalmatian Archipelago on page 164.
* Signor Arneri from the town of Korčula stated to Andrew Archibald Paton:
{{Cquote| ''These three pears you see on the wall," said he, "are the arms of my family. Perussich was the name, when, in the earlier part of the fifteenth century, my ancestors built this palace; so that, you see, I am Dalmatian. All the family, fathers, sons, and brothers, used to serve in the fleets of the Republic (Editors notes: Republic of Venice); but the hero of our race was Arneri Perussich, whose statue you see there, who fought, bled, and died at the Siege of Candia,<ref>The '''Siege of Candia''' (modern Heraklion, Crete) was a military conflict in which Ottoman forces besieged the Venetian ruled city and were victorious. Lasting from 1648 to 1669, it is considered by some to be the longest siege in history.</ref> whose memory was honoured by the Republic, and whose surviving family was liberally pensioned; so his name of our race. We became Arneri, and ceased to be Perussich'' <ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=E_NBAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA164&dq=These+three+pears+you+see+on+the+wall,%22+said+he,+%22are+the+arms+of+my+family.+Perussich+was+the+name,&hl=en&ei=AsG-TYzeBIa0vwOH4OWsDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCsQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=These%20three%20pears%20you%20see%20on%20the%20wall%2C%22%20said%20he%2C%20%22are%20the%20arms%20of%20my%20family.%20Perussich%20was%20the%20name%2C&f=false Researches on the Danube and the Adriatic:] by Andrew Archibald Paton. Chapter 4. The Dalmatian Archipelago. (p164)</ref><ref>Otok Korčula (2nd edition) by [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=wQipYgEACAAJ&dq=inauthor:%22Marinko+Gjivoje%22&hl=en&ei=5ACLTY6yLMGXceO2sIYK&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=8&ved=0CEcQ6AEwBw Marinko Gjivoje], Zagreb 1969.
*Editors note: Here is a perfect example of a Slavic family surname becoming later Venetian in character. According to Marinko Gjivoje, Perussich in modern Croatian is ''Piruzović''. The book outlines A-Z about the island of Korcula, from traditions, history, culture to wildlife, politics & geography. (p46-p47)</ref>}}
*Andrew Archibald Paton (1811-1874) was a British diplomat and writer from the 19 century he visited Korčula in the early 1860s.
==Words from the Vallegrande Speak-Korcula dialect of Croatia ==
==Words from the Vallegrande Speak-Korcula dialect of Croatia ==
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{{col-end}}
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== Names of Bays, Fields and Parts of the Town==
== Names of Bays, Fields and Parts of the Town==
* Guvno
* Guvno