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[[File:290px-Croatia topo.jpg|thumb|right|425px| Croatia (Hrvatska)]]

[[File:290px-Croatia topo.jpg|thumb|right|425px| Croatia (Hrvatska)]]

The first primary source, factual to mention the [[Croatia|Croatian]] (Hrvat) identity in the Balkans was '''Duke Branimir''' (Latin:'' "Branimiro comite dux cruatorum cogitavit"''  c. 880 AD).<ref>[http://mq.academia.edu/DanijelDzino/Papers/163667/Becoming_Slav_Becoming_Croat_New_approaches_in_research_of_identities_in_post-Roman_Illyricum Becoming Slav, Becoming Croat: New approaches in research of identities in post-Roman Illyricum] by Danijel Dzino

The first primary source, factual to mention the [[Croatia|Croatian]] (Hrvat) identity in the Balkans was that of '''Duke Branimir''' (Latin:'' "Branimiro comite dux cruatorum cogitavit"''  c. 880 AD).<ref>[http://mq.academia.edu/DanijelDzino/Papers/163667/Becoming_Slav_Becoming_Croat_New_approaches_in_research_of_identities_in_post-Roman_Illyricum Becoming Slav, Becoming Croat: New approaches in research of identities in post-Roman Illyricum] by Danijel Dzino

*"The first evidence of the Croat name, dux/rex Croatorum, does not appear until the ninth century. The Charter of Duke Trpimir is indeed the oldest text that mentions the Croat name, dux Chroatorum but its authenticity is disputed for good reason. The earliest certain evidence is the title dux Cruatorum from duke Branimir's inscription (c. 880), so that before this date we cannot assume with certainty that the Croat identity existed at all."</ref><ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=EqNiAAAAMAAJ&q=BRANIMIRO+COMITE+DUX+CRUATORUM+cogitavit&dq=BRANIMIRO+COMITE+DUX+CRUATORUM+cogitavit&hl=en&ei=MljwTfHIIoyKuAOO3_WhBA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAA  A History of the Croatian Language:] by Milan Mogus (p.13)</ref> Duke Branimir was a '''Slav''' from Dalmatia.  

*"The first evidence of the Croat name, dux/rex Croatorum, does not appear until the ninth century. The Charter of Duke Trpimir is indeed the oldest text that mentions the Croat name, dux Chroatorum but its authenticity is disputed for good reason. The earliest certain evidence is the title dux Cruatorum from duke Branimir's inscription (c. 880), so that before this date we cannot assume with certainty that the Croat identity existed at all."</ref><ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=EqNiAAAAMAAJ&q=BRANIMIRO+COMITE+DUX+CRUATORUM+cogitavit&dq=BRANIMIRO+COMITE+DUX+CRUATORUM+cogitavit&hl=en&ei=MljwTfHIIoyKuAOO3_WhBA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAA  A History of the Croatian Language:] by Milan Mogus (p.13)</ref> Duke Branimir was a '''Slav''' from Dalmatia.  

A group of Slavic <ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=6UbOtJcF8rQC&pg=PA195&dq=Becoming+Slav,+Becoming+Croat+Identity+Transformations+in+Post-Roman+dux++Sclavorum+Branimir&hl=en&ei=NJ9ETonFO8fYrQe7msHSAw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCsQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false Becoming Slav, Becoming Croat:] Identity Transformations in Post-Roman and and Early Medieval Dalmatia by Danijel Dzino (p.195-p.196)

A group of Slavic <ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=6UbOtJcF8rQC&pg=PA195&dq=Becoming+Slav,+Becoming+Croat+Identity+Transformations+in+Post-Roman+dux++Sclavorum+Branimir&hl=en&ei=NJ9ETonFO8fYrQe7msHSAw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCsQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false Becoming Slav, Becoming Croat:] Identity Transformations in Post-Roman and and Early Medieval Dalmatia by Danijel Dzino (p.195-p.196)

* "... region ruled by the dukes Mislav, Domagoj, Zdeslav, and Branimir, to whom is referred in the sources to as principes or duces Sclavorum."</ref> tribes settled in the Dalmatian Hinterland (Roman Dalmatia).  Ducatus Croatiae was created in the late 9th century which evolved from Dalmatian Ducatus which at the time was part of the Carolingian Empire - Franks. Later it became a kingdom which was called the Kingdom of Croatia (925–1102 AD).  

* "... region ruled by the dukes Mislav, Domagoj, Zdeslav, and Branimir, to whom is referred in the sources to as principes or duces Sclavorum."</ref> tribes settled in the Dalmatian Hinterland (Roman Dalmatia).  Ducatus Croatiae was created in the late 9th century which evolved from Dalmatian Ducatus which at the time was part of the '''Carolingian Empire''' - Franks. Later it became a kingdom which was called the Kingdom of Croatia (925–1102 AD).  

The new ''Kingdom of Croatia'' (Regnum Chroatorum) was ruled by Slavic nobility from the Dalmatian hinterland. The kingdom was named after her ruling class, which in turn ruled a medieval multi-ethnic state. The term ''Slav'' was first used by the Byzantines-Eastern Roman Empire (i.e. Procopius-Byzantine scholar, Jordanes- 6th century Roman bureaucrat) and was recorded in the 6th century (cia. 550) in Greek (Σκλαβῖνοι-Sklabenoi). Later in [[Latin]] it was written Sclaveni.  

The new ''Kingdom of Croatia'' (Regnum Chroatorum) was ruled by Slavic nobility from the Dalmatian hinterland. The kingdom was named after her ruling class, which in turn ruled a medieval multi-ethnic state. The term ''Slav'' was first used by the Byzantines-Eastern Roman Empire (i.e. Procopius-Byzantine scholar, Jordanes- 6th century Roman bureaucrat) and was recorded in the 6th century (cia. 550) in Greek (Σκλαβῖνοι-Sklabenoi). Later in [[Latin]] it was written Sclaveni.  

It is also very interesting to note that recent DNA studies have stated that more than three quarters of today's Croatian men are the descendants of Europeans who inhabited Europe 13 000-20 000 years ago.<ref>[http://www.vecernji.hr/vijesti/prezivjeli-ledeno-doba-hrvati-su-prastanovnici-europe-clanak-300151  Vecernji.hr: Preživjeli ledeno doba: Hrvati su prastanovnici Europe] ''(Vecernji.hr: Surviving an Ice Age: the Croats are descendants of prehistoric Europeans)''

It is also very interesting to note that recent DNA studies have stated that more than three quarters of today's Croatian men are the descendants of Europeans who inhabited Europe 13 000-20 000 years ago.<ref>[http://www.vecernji.hr/vijesti/prezivjeli-ledeno-doba-hrvati-su-prastanovnici-europe-clanak-300151  Vecernji.hr: Preživjeli ledeno doba: Hrvati su prastanovnici Europe] ''(Vecernji.hr: Surviving an Ice Age: the Croats are descendants of prehistoric Europeans)''

* The article reports on the research work (12 years) of: prof. dr. Dragan Primorac, prof. dr. Pavle Rudan, prof. dr. Damir Marjanović, prof. dr. Peter Underhil and prof. dr. Richard Williams.  Article released '''14.06.2011'''</ref>  From a DNA studies perspective, the peoples who were living in Roman Dalmatia (''prior'' to the arrival of Slavic tribes) were genetically dominant and remain so to this day.  The peoples who were living in Roman Dalmatia in that period predominately were of an Illyrian-Roman Latin population. <ref>Note: Other peoples in the region were Liburnians, Greeks, Celts, Guduscani, Ostrogoths (the last two mentioned are ''Germanic tribes'' related to the Goths).</ref>

* The article reports on the research work (12 years) of: prof. dr. Dragan Primorac, prof. dr. Pavle Rudan, prof. dr. Damir Marjanović, prof. dr. Peter Underhil and prof. dr. Richard Williams.  Article released '''14.06.2011'''</ref>  From a DNA studies perspective, the peoples who were living in Roman Dalmatia (''prior'' to the arrival of Slavic tribes) were genetically dominant and remain so to this day.  The peoples who were living in Roman Dalmatia in that period predominately were of an Illyrian-Roman Latin population. <ref>Note: Other peoples in the region were Liburnians, [[Greece|Greeks]], Celts, Guduscani, Ostrogoths (the last two mentioned are ''[[Germany|Germanic]] tribes'' related to the Goths).</ref>

== Roman Dalmatia ==

== Roman Dalmatia ==