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Directory:Korcula History 2 (view source)

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* '''Encyclopædia Britannica''': "Korčula, Italian Curzola, Greek Corcyra Melaina, island in the Adriatic Sea, on the Dalmatian coast, in Croatia. With an area of 107 square miles (276 square km), it has a hilly interior rising to 1,863 feet (568 m). The Greeks colonized it in the 4th century bc. Korčula was subsequently occupied by the Romans, Goths, Slavs, Byzantines, and Genoese; the kings of Hungary and Croatia"</ref><ref>[http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Curzola Encyclopaedia Britannica (publ. 1911):]

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*"CURZOLA (Serbo-Croatian Korcula or Karkar), an island in the Adriatic Sea, forming part of Dalmatia, Austria; and lying west of the Sabioncello promontory, from which it is divided by a strait less than 2 M. wide. Its length is about 25 m.; its average breadth, 4 m. Curzola (Korcula), the capital and principal port, is a fortified town on the east coast, and occupies a rocky foreland almost surrounded by the sea."</ref> being attacked and killed. The survivors could have fled from '''Korčula''' to Ragusa (Dubrovnik), then a place of refuge. Maybe some survived and remained on the island. Nikola Ostojic a 19 century Historian from Korčula (Blato) describes the actual invasion of the Neretljani Slavs in his [[Directory:Korcula History|book]] ''"Historical Compendium of the Island of Korcula"'' which was written in 1858. The old Roman cities of Dalmatia; Epidaurum, Narona and Salona which were then part of the Byzantine (Eastern Roman Empire), were destroyed or just abandoned. This was due to the fact that the cities were not strategically set up for defence from constant invasions. According various sources the Avars participated in these events too. The ''Avars'' were a nomadic people from Eurasian who invaded the Balkans at the same time as the Slavs. In this historic period it is recorded that many of the churches on the island of Korčula were destroyed (then rebuilt at a later stage). <ref>According to recent studies done at the '''University of Zadar''', Slavs on the island of Korčula accepted Christianity fully in the 14th century. Reference from: University of Zadar-Sociogeographic Transformation of the Western Part of Korcula Island by Lena Mirosevic-2008 (p161)</ref> The Ostrogoths (a Germanic tribe ''related'' to the Goths) also invaded Dalmatia in the 6th century. According to Nikola Ostojic, the Roman families survived. They spoke the ''Romance language'' - Dalmatian.

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*"CURZOLA (Serbo-Croatian Korcula or Karkar), an island in the Adriatic Sea, forming part of Dalmatia, Austria; and lying west of the Sabioncello promontory, from which it is divided by a strait less than 2 M. wide. Its length is about 25 m.; its average breadth, 4 m. Curzola (Korcula), the capital and principal port, is a fortified town on the east coast, and occupies a rocky foreland almost surrounded by the sea."</ref> being attacked and killed. The survivors could have fled from '''Korčula''' to Ragusa (Dubrovnik), then a place of refuge. Maybe some survived and remained on the island. Nikola Ostojic a 19 century Historian from Korčula (Blato) describes the actual invasion of the Neretljani Slavs in his [[Directory:Korcula History|book]] ''"Historical Compendium of the Island of Korcula"'' which was written in 1858. The old Roman cities of Dalmatia; Epidaurum, Narona and Salona which were then part of the Byzantine-Eastern Roman Empire, were destroyed or just abandoned. This was due to the fact that the cities were not strategically set up for defence from constant invasions. According various sources the Avars participated in these events too. The ''Avars'' were a nomadic people from Eurasian who invaded the Balkans at the same time as the Slavs. In this historic period it is recorded that many of the churches on the island of Korčula were destroyed and then rebuilt at a later stage. <ref>According to recent studies done at the '''University of Zadar''', Slavs on the island of Korčula accepted Christianity fully in the 14th century. Reference from: University of Zadar-Sociogeographic Transformation of the Western Part of Korcula Island by Lena Mirosevic-2008 (p161)</ref> The Ostrogoths (a Germanic tribe ''related'' to the Goths) also invaded Dalmatia in the 6th century. According to Nikola Ostojic, the Roman families survived. They spoke the ''Romance language'' - Dalmatian.

</div>

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The new population probably settled in the centre of the island (near the village of Cara) and they spoke old '''Chakavian'''-Croatian. The centre of the island had its strategic qualities which allowed protection on all sides from attack by sea. It also had fertile land which allowed cultivation. After the invasion of Slavic tribes, the region stabilised to a certain extent. The Byzantine ~~(Eastern Roman Empire)~~ and the ''Republic of Venice'' and others,<ref> Neretljani Slavs (Narantani or ''Arentanoi'' )</ref> started to exert a political influence over the region. These events have been recorded historically by both Empires in chronicles of the time.

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The new population probably settled in the centre of the island (near the village of Cara) and they spoke old '''Chakavian'''-Croatian. The centre of the island had its strategic qualities which allowed protection on all sides from attack by sea. It also had fertile land which allowed cultivation. After the invasion of Slavic tribes, the region stabilised to a certain extent. The Byzantine and the ''Republic of Venice'' and others,<ref> Neretljani Slavs (Narantani or ''Arentanoi'' )</ref> started to exert a political influence over the region. These events have been recorded historically by both Empires in chronicles of the time.

====Romanized Slavs====

Dalmatians of Roman ancestry brought ''Mediterranean cultural'' to the Slavs. Christianity was one aspect of this. In essence Slavs on the island were ''Romanized''.

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Later the Slavic peoples started to identify themselves and separated (or were separated by others) into different groups. It seems that in Southern Dalmatia the Slavic identity lasted much longer. As centuries went by Dalmatian Slavs started to referer to themselves as just ''Dalmatians''.

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Historic quote taken from ''Researches on the Danube and the Adriatic'' written by Andrew Archibald Paton in 1861 (Chapter 4-The Dalmatian Archipelago~~, page164)~~.

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Historic quote taken from ''Researches on the Danube and the Adriatic'' written by Andrew Archibald Paton in 1861. Chapter 4-The Dalmatian Archipelago on page 164.

* Signor Arneri from the town of Korčula stated:

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* šufit/ attic ''or'' loft - Venetian: sofìta

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(Referenced from: Venetian-English English-Venetian: When in Venice Do as the Venetians by Lodovico Pizzati)<ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=Jz2V1LL2u1YC&pg=PA19&dq=Bench+seat++in+Venetian&hl=en&ei=DSEbTb--Komlcb6vlLMK&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CDEQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false Venetian-English English-Venetian:] When in Venice Do as the Venetians ''by'' Lodovico Pizzati (p19)</ref>

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Referenced from: Venetian-English English-Venetian: When in Venice Do as the Venetians by Lodovico Pizzati<ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=Jz2V1LL2u1YC&pg=PA19&dq=Bench+seat++in+Venetian&hl=en&ei=DSEbTb--Komlcb6vlLMK&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CDEQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false Venetian-English English-Venetian:] When in Venice Do as the Venetians ''by'' Lodovico Pizzati (p19)</ref>

== Historic classifies of Korcula==

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* Recaptured by Popone Zorzi, from the Republic of Venice and ruled from 1129 to 1180, from 1252 to 1254, and from 1258 until 1357.

* Statute of Korčula was drafted in 1214.

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'''Note''':The Statute itself <ref>[http://www.korculainfo.com/history/statute-korcula-town-1214.html Korcula Info (www.korculainfo.com): Korcula Town Statute from 1214]</ref> was probably written by Latin (Roman Dalmatian) & Slavic nobility.

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'''Note''':The Statute itself <ref>[http://www.korculainfo.com/history/statute-korcula-town-1214.html Korcula Info (www.korculainfo.com): Korcula Town Statute from 1214]</ref> was probably written by Latin-Roman Dalmatian & Slavic nobility.

Here is a ''Historic quote'' taken from "When Ethnicity Did not Matter in the Balkans" by John Van Antwerp Fine: ''"In 1262 the Venetian praised the Slavs and Latins on the island of Korcula for submitting to the prince Venice had sent."'' <ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=p3oGybOY1w4C&pg=PA103&dq=korcula+Venice++Slavs&hl=en&ei=oMBjTJPQBoicvgPkpPCeCg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CE4Q6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=korcula%20Venice%20%20Slavs&f=false When Ethnicity Did not Matter in the Balkans:] by John Van Antwerp Fine. (p103)</ref>

* Possessed on behalf of the king of [[Hungary]] from 1257 and with brief interruptions of the Genoese until 1418.

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'''Additional''':

* Venetian and Ragusan (Dubrovnik) families migrated to the island.

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* Second Slavic (Croatian) migration in 17th and 18th century.

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* Second Slavic Croatian migration in 17th and 18th century.

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In this editors opinion Korčula was originally a late Roman town. It latter became a dual Latin (Roman)-Slavic town in the middle ages. With the arrival of Venitians in the 15th century it continued evolve as such until the end of the Republic itself in 1797. Today we have surnames on the island that are not of Slavic origin, for example:

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In this editors opinion Korčula was originally a late Roman town. It latter became a dual Latin Roman/Slavic town in the middle ages. With the arrival of Venitians in the 15th century it continued evolve as such until the end of the Republic itself in 1797. Today we have surnames on the island that are not of Slavic origin, for example:

* Izmaeli - originally de '''Ismael'''

* Gabrijeliċ - originally '''Gabriel'''

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* Depolo

=== In 1918 Korcula was part of Dalmatia (Austro-Hungarian Empire)===

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In 1918 Korčula ~~(then called Curzola)~~ was part of Dalmatia. Dalmatia was a province in the [[Austria|Austro]]-Hungarian Empire and was already more than a century old. Dalmatia itself as a region, dates back to the Roman Empire which was well before the Slavic invasions of the middle ages. According to the Austrian censuses it was predominately made up of [[Croatia|Croatians]] and [[Italy|Italians]] (and other minorities).<ref>Other '''minorities''' being: Serbs, Montenegrins, Albanians & Jews</ref> With the disintegration of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in 1918, Serbia started occupying the region (Italy did the same). This was part of the ''Treaty of Rapallo''.<ref> '''Encyclopedia Britannica'''-Dalmatia:

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In 1918 Korčula was part of Dalmatia. Dalmatia was a province in the [[Austria|Austro]]-Hungarian Empire and was already more than a century old. Dalmatia itself as a region, dates back to the Roman Empire which was well before the Slavic invasions of the middle ages. According to the Austrian censuses it was predominately made up of [[Croatia|Croatians]] and [[Italy|Italians]] (and other minorities).<ref>Other '''minorities''' being: Serbs, Montenegrins, Albanians & Jews</ref> With the disintegration of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in 1918, Serbia started occupying the region (Italy did the same). This was part of the ''Treaty of Rapallo''.<ref> '''Encyclopedia Britannica'''-Dalmatia:

*Finally, the Treaty of Rapallo (Nov. 12, 1920) between [[Italy]] and Yugoslavia gave all Dalmatia to the Yugoslavs except the mainland Zadar (Zara) enclave and the coastal islands of Cres, Losinj (Lussino), and Lastovo. </ref> It was interpreted back then as the formation of the Kingdom of Serbia, Croatia & Slovenia.

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== Former Yugoslavia-History ==

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The region of the former Yugoslavia-West Balkans has problems with interpreting multicultural ~~and~~ ''multiethnic'' history (& societies). The statement below comes from a book called ''Dalmatia'' (History, Culture, Art Heritage) written by Antun Travirka.

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The region of the former Yugoslavia-West Balkans has problems with interpreting multicultural, ''multiethnic'' history and societies. The statement below comes from a book called ''Dalmatia'' (History, Culture, Art Heritage) written by Antun Travirka.

{{Cquote|''By the 14th century the city had become wholly Croatian'' <ref>Dalmatia (History, Culture, Art Heritage) by Antun Travirka</ref>}}

Peter Z.

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