Horses

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White Line Disease

Because of the interesting nature that horse’s have, they don’t get sick as often as other animals. However, because of the way that their bodies work, and the fact that they spend most, if not all of their lives standing, and aren’t able to lie down for lengths of time without getting sick, the fact remains clear that their hooves are very important, and most of the common horse diseases have to do with the horses hooves. This is why your horse’s shoes are very important, and why the most important part of horse care is making sure their hooves are able to withstand the normal wear and tear of life.

One of the most common ailments in a horse’s hooves is called white line disease. It attacks the part of the foot where the hoof actually meets the foot, and starts as a simple white line that might not look very serious. However, this white line is actually a deterioration of the hoof itself, and you are going to find that if you don’t notice this in time, it will start to eat away at the hoof of your horse, and will cause him great pain. If you still don’t catch it and fix the problem, your horse will go lame, and you might be forced to put him down.

The actual disease is bacteria that is slowly eating away at your horse’s hoofs. The only way to stop it is to apply medicine and make sure that your horse’s hooves are filed down to the point where they are no longer affected. If the disease has progressed, you will find that this is even harder to do.

One of the best ways to prevent this is the same way that is used to prevent the other common horse diseases, and that is to always make sure your horse is living in a safe, warm, dry and clean area, where they don’t have to worry about bacteria.

Of course, there are other diseases that are also common in horses, such as colic and other colds and flu that you might find your horse getting. As usual, the best way to care for your horse is to prevent your horse from getting sick in the first place, and the best way that you can do this is to make sure that they are living somewhere that is clean and comfortable, and that you are a diligent owner who takes the time to make sure there are no places bacteria can grow.

Unfriendly Friends of your Horse: Parasites

When you own animals, your main responsibility is to make sure that they are healthy and that their lives are full of joy and happiness, and not sorrow and pain. One of the things that will allow you to do this with any animal is to make sure that you are providing them with a safe and comfortable place that is clean and free of germs to live their lives. With your horse, there is no exception to the rule. It is often hard for horses to get sick if they are properly taken care of, but if you find yourself or your horse with a dirty stall or a living quarters that is not up to snuff, you might find that parasites are abound, and when it comes to your horse, parasites are not good at all.

When you have a horse, you know that he is naturally strong, and usually won’t have any complaints for you. As long as he has a safe and warm place to live in the cold months, and shelter from the heat in the hot months, and as long as you provide him with food and water that is clean and safe, he’ll be able to be your companion and work for you for years and years. Horses can be very loyal and they can be great animals to keep, as long as you do it right.

However, if you aren’t providing your horse with a clean living space, you are going to find that your horse might have a problem with parasites. This is something that can be very real, and can be very dangerous for your horse. You have to be sure that you aren’t giving your horse any chances to get parasites, which is why it is so important to keep your horse’s living quarters clean and free of debris.

The most common parasites are going to happen when your horse is living in a place that is dirty or not cleaned regularly. These parasites are going to live in the feces of your horse, and if your horse steps in them, he will be able to bring them right back into his body. Also, if your horse’s stall is dirty and not taken care of, this is a breeding ground for parasites, and they will have a chance to attack your horse. If your horse gets parasites, you’ll need to talk to your vet about the best way to help your horse before they get really sick.

Cleanliness and your Horse's Health

One of the most important factors in how healthy your horse ends up being is cleanliness. You might not believe it, but it is something that is completely true. In order to have your horse live a very healthy life style, it needs to be able to maintain a life in which it is clean and in which it can have access to all of the things that help it to be happy and healthy.

When you have a horse, you are going to want to work hard to make sure he is happy. This means that he needs to have fresh straw and food, as well as fresh water. You also have to be sure that you are providing your horse with plenty of room to run, and plenty of rest when he has been working. All of these things are important, but they are also impacted by one single factor – the cleanliness of the stable and your horse in general. Not having a clean area, and not having a clean life can lead to all kinds of problems within all aspects of your horse. If his food and water are not fresh and clean, he is going to have health problems. If his stall is not clean, he is in danger of developing other illnesses as well. Overall cleanliness is very important if you want your horse to be as happy and healthy as he could be.

Remember, there are many factors that you have to consider when you are looking at your horse’s cleanliness and his health. The food and water must be clean and fresh, but this does no good if you don’t provide them in containers that are also clean. If you are giving your horse clean food and water in dirty containers, he is going to get sick.

His stall also must be clean at all times, and this is something that only you can do. Even if you hire someone to clean out your stalls, you have to be sure that the person you have hired is doing the right work. It simply does no good for your horse to be living in dirty quarters.

Along with this, you have to be sure that you are grooming and cleaning your horse as often as he needs to be groomed and cleaned. This is something that is more vital than you could possible imagine, because if your horse isn’t clean himself, he isn’t going to be very happy.

Bones and Muscles: Horse Anatomy

When you have a horse, it is very important that you understand several basic parts of horse anatomy to be sure that you are caring for your horse in the best way possible. You can do this through studying on your own or you can talk to your vet to learn the very basics.

First of all, you should know that laying down is very hard on your horse. Horse’s bodies are not meant to lay down for long periods of time, which is why you need to know that if your horse is laying down, there is something wrong with him. If a horse lays down for any amount of time they are risking damaging their internal organs, so if you see your horse laying down, you have to be sure to call your vet immediately, because it is an emergency.

Your horse’s legs are the most important part of his body. Not only do they carry all of his weight, and support him while he is sleeping or while he is awake, but they are very thin and are easy to damage. If a horse gets a broken leg, there is going to be a lot of problems because he won’t be able to lie down to mend it, which means that the mending process can be quite painful. What this means for you is that you have to be sure to always, always take care of your horse’s legs and feet at all times. This is very important as a horse owner.

Another thing that you have to be sure to take care of when it comes to your horse’s anatomy is his skin and his coat. These are things that you have to focus on because they keep out a lot of problems and keep your horse happy and healthy. This means that you have to be sure to focus on these things. You should be grooming your horse each day, and especially should be grooming him after each time you ride him. You always want to be sure that you are doing the best that you can do to care for all aspects of your horse.

It is also important to note that a horse has a very advanced heart and lung system that can allow them to keep running or walking for along time. This doesn’t mean that your horse never needs to rest; it simply means that you can exercise your horse more than you are going to be able to exercise yourself! Keep all of these things in mind if you own a horse.

Baby Horses: Caring for Fouls

Whenever you have little ones that enter your life or the life of your animal, there is going to be some excitement. Caring for fouls is a very important part of raising horses, and it is something that you should know a lot about right form the get go.

First of all, you have to make sure that you have tended to the mother before she gives birth. You want to be sure that you are feeding her a food that is going to help her maintain good health, and that you are giving her things that help her to gain the strength as well as the nutrients that she is going to need to be the kind of mother she should be. You are going to want to make sure that you talk to a vet if you have never taken care of a mother horse before, and you are going to be sure that you get a vet’s advice if you have never had a foul before.

When the time comes for the foul to be born, you want to help as much as you can, but mostly you want to stay out of the way. There are some circumstances where you are going to have to help, which is why it is important that you talk to a vet about what is normal for a horse giving birth and what is not normal, and you need to make sure that you understand how to tell what is normal and not. Then, you want to be there, but at a distance, and you need to be ready to help if the mother needs it. You should have prepared for this by talking to your vet and by having things on hand that you might need.

When it comes time for the mother to give birth, if you don’t ‘need to help you still want to be on hand just in case. Then, you should be able to witness her and foul and watch what happens next. With fouls, as well as with other animals, if at all possible you want to leave the mother and the baby to do the things that they have to do. Animals have been doing this for a long time and it will often go best if you let them alone. If you have to help, try to be as discrete as possible, and be sure to do only the things that you absolutely know how to do.

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  • Q. Has West Nile virus caused severe illness or death in horses?<a href="#hdng0">(More...)</a>

  • Although horses can pass diseases to people, you are not likely to get sick from touching or owning them.<a href="#hdng1">(More...)</a>

  • The Commission serves as an advocate for wild horses through participation with federal agencies to ensure that sufficient habitat is available for wild horse populations.<a href="#hdng2">(More...)</a>

  • Equine Infectious Anemia Equine Infectious Anemia - EIA is a viral disease of members of the horse family.<a href="#hdng3">(More...)</a>



<a name="hdng0"></a>Q. Has West Nile virus caused severe illness or death in horses? A. Yes, while data suggest that most horses infected with West Nile virus recover, results of investigations indicate that West Nile virus has caused deaths in horses in the United States. Q. How do the horses become infected with West Nile virus? A. The same way humans become infected'by the bite of infectious mosquitoes. <a href="http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/westnile/qa/wnv_horses.htm" TARGET="_blank" [1]</a> Q. How long will a horse infected with West Nile virus be infectious? A. We do not know if an infected horse can be infectious (i.e., cause mosquitoes feeding on it to become infected).<a href="http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/westnile/qa/wnv_horses.htm" TARGET="_blank" [1]</a> Q. How does the virus cause severe illness or death in horses? A. Following transmission by an infected mosquito, West Nile virus multiplies in the horse's blood system, crosses the blood brain barrier, and infects the brain.<a href="http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/westnile/qa/wnv_horses.htm" TARGET="_blank" [1]</a> Q. Can a horse infected with West Nile virus infect horses in neighboring stalls? A. No. There is no documented evidence that West Nile virus is transmitted between horses.<a href="http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/westnile/qa/wnv_horses.htm" TARGET="_blank" [1]</a> Q. What is the treatment for a horse infected with West Nile virus? Should it be destroyed? A. There is no reason to destroy a horse just because it has been infected with West Nile virus.<a href="http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/westnile/qa/wnv_horses.htm" TARGET="_blank" [1]</a> Q. My horse is vaccinated against eastern equine encephalitis (EEE), western equine encephalitis (WEE), and Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE). Will these vaccines protect my horse against West Nile virus infection? A. No. EEE, WEE, and VEE belong to another family of viruses for which there is no cross-protection.<a href="http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/westnile/qa/wnv_horses.htm" TARGET="_blank" [1]</a> Q. Can I vaccinate my horse against West Nile virus infection? A. A West Nile virus vaccine for horses is available through veterinarians. Horse owners throughout the U.S. should consider vaccinating their equines.<a href="http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/westnile/qa/wnv_horses.htm" TARGET="_blank" [1]</a>

Q. Where can I get more information on horses and West Nile virus? A. Visit the USDA Web site Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS).<a href="http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/westnile/qa/wnv_horses.htm" TARGET="_blank" [1]</a> There is no documented evidence of person-to-person or animal-to-person transmission of West Nile virus. Normal veterinary infection control precautions should be followed when caring for a horse suspected to have this or any viral infection.<a href="http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/westnile/qa/wnv_horses.htm" TARGET="_blank" [1]</a> Horses with suspected West Nile virus should be isolated from mosquito bites, if at all possible.<a href="http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/westnile/qa/wnv_horses.htm" TARGET="_blank" [1]</a> The virus is located in the mosquito's salivary glands. When mosquitoes bite or "feed" on the horse, the virus is injected into its blood system.<a href="http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/westnile/qa/wnv_horses.htm" TARGET="_blank" [1]</a>

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<a name="hdng1"></a>Although horses can pass diseases to people, you are not likely to get sick from touching or owning them. When you do common chores with horses, such as cleaning stalls, grooming them, and picking out their feet, you are probably touching manure without knowing it. To protect yourself from getting sick, you should thoroughly wash your hands with running water and soap after contact with horses or their manure. <a href="http://www.cdc.gov/HEALTHYPETS/animals/horse.htm" TARGET="_blank" [2]</a> Some people are more likely than others to get diseases from horses. A person's age and health status may affect his or her immune system, increasing the chances of getting sick.<a href="http://www.cdc.gov/HEALTHYPETS/animals/horse.htm" TARGET="_blank" [2]</a> Horses also can carry Cryptosporidium (krip-toe-spo-RID-dee-um). This germ causes the disease cryptosporidiosis (krip-TOE-spo-rid-ee-O-sis) in people.<a href="http://www.cdc.gov/HEALTHYPETS/animals/horse.htm" TARGET="_blank" [2]</a> Horses often carry the bacterium Salmonella. This germ causes salmonellosis (sal-MON-el-oh-sis) in people.<a href="http://www.cdc.gov/HEALTHYPETS/animals/horse.htm" TARGET="_blank" [2]</a> Horses can carry different germs that make people sick. Some of these germs are common and some are rare.<a href="http://www.cdc.gov/HEALTHYPETS/animals/horse.htm" TARGET="_blank" [2]</a>

People who are more likely to get diseases from horses include infants, children younger than 5 years old, organ transplant patients, people with HIV/AIDS, and people being treated for cancer.<a href="http://www.cdc.gov/HEALTHYPETS/animals/horse.htm" TARGET="_blank" [2]</a> Rarely, horses can carry rabies, which is a viral disease that can lead to death.<a href="http://www.cdc.gov/HEALTHYPETS/animals/horse.htm" TARGET="_blank" [2]</a> Salmonella Infection (salmonellosis) Salmonella Infection opnbrktsalmonellosisclsbrkt : A bacterial disease associated with various animals, including horses and other farm animals.<a href="http://www.cdc.gov/HEALTHYPETS/animals/horse.htm" TARGET="_blank" [2]</a> Cryptosporidium Infection (cryptosporidiosis) Cryptosporidium Infection opnbrktcryptosporidiosisclsbrkt : A parasitic disease associated with various animals, including horses.<a href="http://www.cdc.gov/HEALTHYPETS/animals/horse.htm" TARGET="_blank" [2]</a> Campylobacter Infection (campylobacteriosis) Campylobacter Infection opnbrktcampylobacteriosisclsbrkt : A bacterial disease associated with various animals, including horses.<a href="http://www.cdc.gov/HEALTHYPETS/animals/horse.htm" TARGET="_blank" [2]</a> Ringworm: Ringworm: A fungal disease associated various animals, including with horses.<a href="http://www.cdc.gov/HEALTHYPETS/animals/horse.htm" TARGET="_blank" [2]</a> The horses are split into two main herds, one on the Virginia side and one on the Maryland side of Assateague. The herds are separated by a fence at the Virginia/Maryland State line and the population size of each herd is kept around 150 animals to lessen their impact on island ecology. These herds have divided themselves into bands of two to twelve animals and each band occupies a home range.<a href="http://www.nps.gov/asis/horses.htm" TARGET="_blank" [3]</a> In Maryland, the number of horses has grown from approximately 28 in 1968 to more than 165 at present, exceeding the desired herd size of 120 to 150 animals. With this growth has come increasing evidence that the horses are having a significant negative impact on the dune and salt marsh habitats due to over grazing.<a href="http://www.nps.gov/asis/horses.htm" TARGET="_blank" [3]</a> In Virginia, the internationally famous "Pony Penning" event is responsible for meeting the limit of 150 adult animals. This event began in some form during the late 17th century when unclaimed horses were captured and marked by colonists in the presence of neighbors on a day of fellowship and festivity.<a href="http://www.nps.gov/asis/horses.htm" TARGET="_blank" [3]</a> By establishing a population limit of 120 to 150 animals, the National Park Service is attempting to balance the health and well being of the horses with the need to protect the island's other sensitive natural resources and values.<a href="http://www.nps.gov/asis/horses.htm" TARGET="_blank" [3]</a> Use of the contraceptive as part of a long term horse population management program began in 1994.<a href="http://www.nps.gov/asis/horses.htm" TARGET="_blank" [3]</a>

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<a name="hdng2"></a>The Commission serves as an advocate for wild horses through participation with federal agencies to ensure that sufficient habitat is available for wild horse populations. <a href="http://www.wildhorse.nv.gov/" TARGET="_blank" [4]</a> T he Commission for the Preservation of Wild Horses serves to sustain viable herds of wild horses on public lands throughout Nevada.<a href="http://www.wildhorse.nv.gov/" TARGET="_blank" [4]</a>

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<a name="hdng3"></a>Equine Infectious Anemia Equine Infectious Anemia - EIA is a viral disease of members of the horse family. The equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) is categorized as a retrovirus: it contains genetic RNA material, which it uses to produce DNA. This DNA is then incorporated into the genetic makeup of infected cells. <a href="http://www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_health/animal_dis_spec/horses/" TARGET="_blank" [5]</a> Equine Piroplasmosis Equine Piroplasmosis is a disease of Equidae (horses, donkeys, mules, and zebras), and is caused by two parasitic organisms, Babesia equi and Babesia caballi. Although, Equine Piroplasmosis is primarily transmitted to horses by ticks, this bloodborne disease has been spread mechanically from animal to animal by contaminated needles.<a href="http://www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_health/animal_dis_spec/horses/" TARGET="_blank" [5]</a> Contagious Equine Metritis Contagious Equine Metritis (pdf 52kb) - A transmissible, exotic, venereal disease of horses caused by the bacterium Taylorella equigenitalis.<a href="http://www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_health/animal_dis_spec/horses/" TARGET="_blank" [5]</a>

Biosecurity - The Key to Keeping Your Horses Healthy Biosecurity - The Key to Keeping Your Horses Healthy (pdf 811kb) - Information for horse owners to reduce the changes of an infectious disease being carried into a farm by people, animals, equipment, or vehicles.<a href="http://www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_health/animal_dis_spec/horses/" TARGET="_blank" [5]</a> Thoroughbred horses appear to be more severely affected by the disease than other breeds. Because animals may be asymptomatic, the disease is difficult to detect and control.<a href="http://www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_health/animal_dis_spec/horses/" TARGET="_blank" [5]</a>

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<a name="sources"><a href="#" onclick="toggle_visibility('srcs'); return false;" title="Most Informative Documents, used in preparation of this report.">
SELECTED SOURCES<image src="apx4.jpg" alt="Most Informative Documents, used in preparation of this report."></a>

1. <a href="http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/westnile/qa/wnv_horses.htm" TARGET="_blank">CDC: West Nile Virus - QA: West Nile Virus and Horses</a>
<a href="http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/westnile/qa/wnv_horses.htm" TARGET="_blank">http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/westnile/qa/wnv_horses.htm</a>

2. <a href="http://www.cdc.gov/HEALTHYPETS/animals/horse.htm" TARGET="_blank">Animals: Horses | CDC Healthy Pets Healthy People</a>
<a href="http://www.cdc.gov/HEALTHYPETS/animals/horse.htm" TARGET="_blank">http://www.cdc.gov/HEALTHYPETS/animals/horse.htm</a>

3. <a href="http://www.nps.gov/asis/horses.htm" TARGET="_blank">Assateague Island National Seashore Wild Horses</a>
<a href="http://www.nps.gov/asis/horses.htm" TARGET="_blank">http://www.nps.gov/asis/horses.htm</a>

4. <a href="http://www.wildhorse.nv.gov/" TARGET="_blank">State of Nevada - Commission for the Preservation of Wild Horses</a>
<a href="http://www.wildhorse.nv.gov/" TARGET="_blank">http://www.wildhorse.nv.gov/</a>

5. <a href="http://www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_health/animal_dis_spec/horses/" TARGET="_blank">USDA - APHIS - Animal Health - Horses</a>
<a href="http://www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_health/animal_dis_spec/horses/" TARGET="_blank">http://www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_health/animal_dis_spec/horses/</a>

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