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Revision as of 14:40, 3 November 2015
☞ This page belongs to resource collections on Logic and Inquiry.
Semeiotic is one of the terms that Charles Sanders Peirce used to describe his theory of triadic sign relations, along with semiotic and the plural variants of both terms. The form semeiotic is often used to distinguish Peirce's theory, since it is less often used by other writers to denote their particular approaches to the subject.
Types of signs
There are three principal ways that a sign can denote its objects. These are usually described as kinds, species, or types of signs, but it is important to recognize that these are not ontological species, that is, they are not mutually exclusive features of description, since the same thing can be a sign in several different ways.
Beginning very roughly, the three main ways of being a sign can be described as follows:
- An icon is a sign that denotes its objects by virtue of a quality that it shares with its objects.
- An index is a sign that denotes its objects by virtue of an existential connection that it has with its objects.
- A symbol is a sign that denotes its objects solely by virtue of the fact that it is interpreted to do so.
One of Peirce's early delineations of the three types of signs is still quite useful as a first approach to understanding their differences and their relationships to each other:
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In the first place there are likenesses or copies — such as statues, pictures, emblems, hieroglyphics, and the like. Such representations stand for their objects only so far as they have an actual resemblance to them — that is agree with them in some characters. The peculiarity of such representations is that they do not determine their objects — they stand for anything more or less; for they stand for whatever they resemble and they resemble everything more or less. The second kind of representations are such as are set up by a convention of men or a decree of God. Such are tallies, proper names, &c. The peculiarity of these conventional signs is that they represent no character of their objects. Likenesses denote nothing in particular; conventional signs connote nothing in particular. The third and last kind of representations are symbols or general representations. They connote attributes and so connote them as to determine what they denote. To this class belong all words and all conceptions. Most combinations of words are also symbols. A proposition, an argument, even a whole book may be, and should be, a single symbol. (Peirce 1866, “Lowell Lecture 7”, CE 1, 467–468). |
References
- Peirce, C.S., Bibliography.
- Peirce, C.S., Writings of Charles S. Peirce : A Chronological Edition, Volume 1, 1857–1866, Peirce Edition Project (eds.), Indiana University Press, Bloomington, IN, 1982. Cited as CE 1.
- Peirce, C.S. (1865), "On the Logic of Science", Harvard University Lectures, CE 1, 161–302.
- Peirce, C.S. (1866), "The Logic of Science, or, Induction and Hypothesis", Lowell Institute Lectures, CE 1, 357–504.
Readings
- Awbrey, J.L., and Awbrey, S.M. (1995), “Interpretation as Action : The Risk of Inquiry”, Inquiry : Critical Thinking Across the Disciplines 15(1), pp. 40–52. Archive. Online.
Resources
Syllabus
Focal nodes
Template:Col-breakTemplate:Col-breakTemplate:Col-endPeer nodes
Logical operators
Related topics
- Propositional calculus
- Sole sufficient operator
- Truth table
- Universe of discourse
- Zeroth order logic
Relational concepts
Information, Inquiry
Related articles
- Differential Logic : Introduction
- Differential Propositional Calculus
- Differential Logic and Dynamic Systems
- Introduction to Inquiry Driven Systems
- Prospects for Inquiry Driven Systems
- Inquiry Driven Systems : Inquiry Into Inquiry
Document history
Portions of the above article were adapted from the following sources under the GNU Free Documentation License, under other applicable licenses, or by permission of the copyright holders.
