Changes

[[Image:Animal porn shop front.jpg|thumb|right|250px|

[[Image:Animal porn shop front.jpg|thumb|right|250px| Animal pornography videos in a shop]]

Animal pornography videos in a shop]]

Commercial animal pornography can sometimes be [[animal

'''Animal pornography''' is a subgenre of [[pornography]] in which [[Sexually explicit material|explicit]] [[sex]] between people and animals is shown. As well as a subject in its own right, it is sometimes used as a means to attract 'traffic' by [[spammer]]s and owners of some fake [[Thumbnail gallery post|TGP]]s, who use the promise of "extreme" material as a bid for users' attention.

abuse|abusive]] or [[coercion|coercive]], and amount to forcible

[[rape]], with restraints and force visible in the final versions of

of established human-animal sexual partnerships, no force or coercion

is involved and the act is an established mutual interest. Since

animals are very open about their [[Emotion in animals|feelings]] and

[[animal sexuality|sexuality]], the nature of the material is often

viewer familiar with both coercive and non-coercive material.

Pornography with animals can be illegal even in places where the act

itself is not. It can also sometimes be legal in places the act is

 

prohibited. Although animal pornography generally signifies

Pornography with animals can be illegal even in places where the act itself is not. It can also sometimes be legal in places the act is prohibited. Although animal pornography generally signifies [[photograph]]s and [[video]]s of actual sexual activity, there is also a significant quantity of sketched [[cartoon]]s and other [[erotic art]] to be found on the same theme both historically and in the present day, including [[anthropomorphism|anthropomorphic]] art, as well as erotic art in which [[non-human animal sexuality]] rather than human presence is the central theme.

[[photograph]]s and [[video]]s of actual sexual activity, there is

also a significant quantity of sketched [[cartoon]]s and other

[[erotic art]] to be found on the same theme both historically and in

the present day, including [[anthropomorphism|anthropomorphic]] art,

as well as erotic art in which [[non-human animal sexuality]] rather

than human presence is the central theme.

==History of animal pornography==

==History of animal pornography==

===Pre-modern times===

===Pre-modern times===

:''For more on the historical and cultural context of human-animal

:''For more on the historical and cultural context of human-animal sexuality and erotica, see [[Historical and cultural perspectives on zoophilia]]''

sexuality and erotica, see [[Historical and cultural perspectives on

 

zoophilia]]''

The untangling of animal pornography from its roots in erotica and

The history of media portrayal of human-animal sexuality starts with [[cave painting]]s, moves on to the human-animal [[god]]s and religious rites of the [[ancient world]] and [[antiquity]], diverts to [[erotic art]] in non-[[Abrahamic religion|Abrahamic]] cultures, and currently ends in a 21st century [[sex shop]] and the [[Internet]].

human-animal sexuality, to the modern [[subgenre]] of material whose

only function is sexual arousal, is a story that spans many hundreds

of years.

Live acts date back to antiquity, and were well known to benefit [[Ancient Greece|ancient Greek]] and [[Roman]] [[brothel]]s, in terms of profitable arousal of their patrons.

[[cave painting]]s, moves on to the human-animal [[god]]s and

religious rites of the [[ancient world]] and [[antiquity]], diverts to

[[erotic art]] in non-[[Abrahamic religion|Abrahamic]] cultures, and

currently ends in a 21st century [[sex shop]] and the [[Internet]].

Live acts date back to antiquity, and were well known to benefit

Pornography, in its present meaning, is a modern term. Historically it blurs into [[erotica]], and further back in antiquity into the [[Greek language|Greek]] terms ''pornos graphia'', or [[prostitute]] writings. A wide range of cultures have created human-animal sexual scenes in their cultural relics, from [[cave painting]]s (Northern [[Italy|Italian]] [[Val Camonica]], circa 8000 BCE), to glazed plates (Native [[American Indian]] plate, circa 700 AD) and through to [[19th Century]] [[Japan]]ese [[Hokusai]] woodcuts.

[[Ancient Greece|ancient Greek]] and [[Roman]] [[brothel]]s, in terms

of profitable arousal of their patrons.

Pornography, in its present meaning, is a modern term. Historically it

In addition, cultures from [[Sweden]] ([[Sagaholm]], [[tumulus|barrow]], [[Nordic Bronze Age]]) to [[India]] ([[Khajuraho]] [[Hindu temple|temple complex]], 10th century) have carved explicit scenes of human-animal sexual acts into their religious monuments, and other cultures (notably [[Greek myth]]) have documented these within cultural myth and legend or as part of religious rites.

blurs into [[erotica]], and further back in antiquity into the [[Greek

language|Greek]] terms ''pornos graphia'', or [[prostitute]] writings.

their cultural relics, from [[cave painting]]s (Northern

[[Italy|Italian]] [[Val Camonica]], circa 8000 BCE), to glazed plates

(Native [[American Indian]] plate, circa 700 AD) and through to [[19th

Century]] [[Japan]]ese [[Hokusai]] woodcuts.

In addition, cultures from [[Sweden]] ([[Sagaholm]],

For this reason, in considering where and why animal pornography exists, and its history, it is important to recognize three points about human-animal sexuality as well:

[[tumulus|barrow]], [[Nordic Bronze Age]]) to [[India]] ([[Khajuraho]]

scenes of human-animal sexual acts into their religious monuments, and

cultural myth and legend or as part of religious rites.

# Human-animal sexuality itself has changed in both cultural place, and cultural significance over human history

# Its place and roots (as with all sexual material) go back into mainstream culture over the centuries

# Whilst older erotica may have been used for sexual arousal as part of a portrayal of life events<ref>Human-animal sexuality considered as simply "one of many life events" can be seen at the [[Khajuraho]] temples in [[India]])</ref>, the mass production of animal pornography specifically for consumer arousal is (as with all [[mass media]] and mass [[consumerism]]) a relatively modern feature.

# Human-animal sexuality itself has changed in both cultural place,

and cultural significance over human history

# Its place and roots (as with all sexual material) go back into

mainstream culture over the centuries

# Whilst older erotica may have been used for sexual arousal as part

of a portrayal of life events<ref>Human-animal sexuality considered as

simply "one of many life events" can be seen at the [[Khajuraho]]

temples in [[India]])</ref>, the mass production of animal pornography

specifically for consumer arousal is (as with all [[mass media]] and

mass [[consumerism]]) a relatively modern feature.

===Modern times===

===Modern times===

Prior to the advent of mass-market full-color [[pornographic

Prior to the advent of mass-market full-color [[pornographic magazine|glossy magazines]] such as [[Playboy]], so-called [[Tijuana Bible]]s were a form of pornographic tract popular in America, sold as anonymous underground publications typically comprising a small number of stapled comic-strips representing characters and celebrities.<ref>An example digitized Tijuana Bible entitled ''The Pet'' from the 1960s is linked at [http://tijuanabibles.org/cgi-bin/hazel.cgi?action=detail&item=TB073&fullsize=0 tijuanabibles.org page link] (also see [http://tijuanabibles.org/cgi-bin/hazel.cgi/hzpi/u/HzSt031FT7pj.ctu7.2/hazel.cgi?action=detail&item=TB073&fullsize=1 full size] and [http://tijuanabibles.org/cgi-bin/hazel.cgi?action=SEARCH&SEARCH_SPEC=bestiality&SUBMIT_ACTION_SEARCH=Search search]).</ref>

magazine|glossy magazines]] such as [[Playboy]], so-called [[Tijuana

 

Bible]]s were a form of pornographic tract popular in America, sold as

anonymous underground publications typically comprising a small number

of stapled comic-strips representing characters and

celebrities.<ref>An example digitized Tijuana Bible entitled ''The

Pet'' from the 1960s is linked at

[http://tijuanabibles.org/cgi-bin/hazel.cgi?action=detail&item=TB073&fullsize=0

tijuanabibles.org page link] (also see

[http://tijuanabibles.org/cgi-bin/hazel.cgi/hzpi/u/HzSt031FT7pj.ctu7.2/hazel.cgi?action=detail&item=TB073&fullsize=1

full size] and [http://tijuanabibles.org/cgi-bin/hazel.cgi?action=SEARCH&SEARCH_SPEC=bestiality&SUBMIT_ACTION_SEARCH=Search

search]).</ref>

The potential use of media for [[Pornographic movie|pornographic

The promotion of "stars" began with the Danish [[Bodil Joensen]], in the period of 1969-72, along with other well-known porn stars such as the [[United States|Americans]] [[Linda Lovelace]] (''Dogarama'', 1969), and [[Chessie Moore]] (multiple films, c.1994). "Bestiality" was a central theme in Italian adult films featuring actresses like Denise Dior and [[Marina Hedman]], manifested early in the (simulated<ref>http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0074201/usercomments</ref>) softcore flick ''Bestialità'' in 1976. Another early film to attain great infamy was "[[Animal Farm (video)|Animal Farm]]", smuggled into [[Great Britain]] without details as to makers or provenance.<ref name="animal_farm_documentary">''The Search for Animal Farm'' (documentary, part of the [[Dark Side of Porn]] series) (April 2006, Channel 4, UK): - ''"Investigates the story behind one of the most infamous films in porn history, and reveals how it came to be made."''

movies]] was also seen from the start of the era of [[silent film]].

''Polissons and Galipettes'' (re-released 2002 as "[[The Good Old

Naughty Days]]") is a collection of early [[France|French]] silent

films for brothel use, including some animal pornography, dating from

around [[1905]] &ndash; [[1930]]. It is the first film of its kind to

obtain a [[R18 certificate|R18]] certificate for display in [[United

Kingdom]] cinemas, despite its content, in part due to its age and

'classic' nature.

The film was smuggled into [[Great Britain]] around 1980. No one was quite sure where the film came from or how it was made.  The Search for Animal Farm traced the people who made the film, the impact it had on Britain's porn industry and the woman who became known for a time as 'the queen of bestiality.' [http://www.channel4sales.com/programming-and-schedules/channel4-schedules.aspx?date=19-04-2006].

The film was smuggled into [[Great Britain]] around 1980. No one was

quite sure where the film came from or how it was made.  The Search

for Animal Farm traced the people who made the film, the impact it had

on Britain's porn industry and the woman who became known for a time

as 'the queen of bestiality.'

[http://www.channel4sales.com/programming-and-schedules/channel4-schedules.aspx?date=19-04-2006].

like "Wilma" and the "Dutch Sisters".

Today, in [[Hungary]], where production faces no legal limitations,

zoosexual materials have become a substantial industry that produces

 

numerous films and magazines, particularly for [[Netherlands|Dutch]]

Today, in [[Hungary]], where production faces no legal limitations, zoosexual materials have become a substantial industry that produces numerous films and magazines, particularly for [[Netherlands|Dutch]] companies such as ''Topscore'' and ''Book & Film International'', and the [[genre]] has stars such as "Hector" (a [[Great Dane]] starring in several films). Many Hungarian (Suzy Spark, Silvi Anderson et al) and [[Russia|Russian]] (Pantera aka Jordan Elliot, various girls filmed by ''Club Seventeen'') mainstream performers also appeared anonymously in animal pornography in their early careers.<ref>For example: [http://www.eurobabeindex.com/sbandoindex/suzyspark.html Suzy Spark] (horsebang.com). Club Seventeen is a label of the Dutch pornographic company ''[[Video Art Holland]]'', specialising in "barely legal" teens. </ref> Best-known current performers in Europe include Andy, Bilara, Adilia "the Sinful Lady". In [[Japan]], animal pornography is used to bypass censorship laws, often featuring Japanese and Russian female models performing [[fellatio]] on non-human animals, because oral penetration of a non-human penis is not in the scope of Japanese mosaic censor. [[Brazil]] is also a substantial producer, with many films featuring "[[she-male]]s".

companies such as ''Topscore'' and ''Book & Film International'', and

the [[genre]] has stars such as "Hector" (a [[Great Dane]] starring in

several films). Many Hungarian (Suzy Spark, Silvi Anderson et al) and

[[Russia|Russian]] (Pantera aka Jordan Elliot, various girls filmed by

''Club Seventeen'') mainstream performers also appeared anonymously in

animal pornography in their early careers.<ref>For example:

[http://www.eurobabeindex.com/sbandoindex/suzyspark.html Suzy Spark]

(horsebang.com). Club Seventeen is a label of the Dutch pornographic

company ''[[Video Art Holland]]'', specialising in "barely legal"

teens. </ref> Best-known current performers in Europe include Andy,

Bilara, Adilia "the Sinful Lady". In [[Japan]], animal pornography is

used to bypass censorship laws, often featuring Japanese and Russian

female models performing [[fellatio]] on non-human animals, because

oral penetration of a non-human penis is not in the scope of Japanese

mosaic censor. [[Brazil]] is also a substantial producer, with many

films featuring "[[she-male]]s".

==Animal pornography and culture==

==Animal pornography and culture==

Using animal fur or [[Taxidermy|stuffed animals]] in erotic

Using animal fur or [[Taxidermy|stuffed animals]] in erotic photography (in a sense, the combination of [[necrophilia]] and [[zoophilia]]) doesn't seem to be [[taboo]], nor do photographs of nude models posed with animals provided no sexual stimulation is implied to the animal. Stuffed animals are sometimes used in glamour erotic photography with models touching their sexual organs against such animals, and likewise models may be posed with animals or on horseback. The subtext is often to provide a contrast: animal versus sophisticated, raw beast versus culturally guided human. ([[Nancy Friday]] comments on this, noting that animals as a [[sexual fantasy]] may provide an escape from cultural expectations, restrictions, and judgements in regard to sex.)

photography (in a sense, the combination of [[necrophilia]] and

[[zoophilia]]) doesn't seem to be [[taboo]], nor do photographs of

nude models posed with animals provided no sexual stimulation is

implied to the animal. Stuffed animals are sometimes used in glamour

erotic photography with models touching their sexual organs against

such animals, and likewise models may be posed with animals or on

horseback. The subtext is often to provide a contrast: animal versus

sophisticated, raw beast versus culturally guided human. ([[Nancy

Friday]] comments on this, noting that animals as a [[sexual fantasy]]

may provide an escape from cultural expectations, restrictions, and

judgements in regard to sex.)

Materials featuring sex with animals are widely available on the

Materials featuring sex with animals are widely available on the [[Internet]], however, because of their ease of production, and because production and sale is legal in countries such as the [[Netherlands]] and [[Denmark]].

[[Internet]], however, because of their ease of production, and

because production and sale is legal in countries such as the

[[Netherlands]] and [[Denmark]].

Pornography of this sort has become the business of certain [[spam

Pornography of this sort has become the business of certain [[spam (electronic)|spam]]mers such as [[Jeremy Jaynes]] (8th most prolific spammer, sentenced to 9 years for spamming) and owners of some fake [[Thumbnail gallery post|TGP]]s, who use the promise of "extreme" material as a bid for users' attention.

(electronic)|spam]]mers such as [[Jeremy Jaynes]] (8th most prolific

spammer, sentenced to 9 years for spamming) and owners of some fake

[[Thumbnail gallery post|TGP]]s, who use the promise of "extreme"

material as a bid for users' attention.

==Alternative representations==

==Alternative representations==

{{main|Representations of zoosexuality in media}}

{{main|Representations of zoosexuality in media}} In some cases, media representations of human-animal sexual attraction or activity have been undertaken with an alternative perspective. Even when pornography itself is not involved, terms such as "animal porn" are sometimes used to cover similar ideas. One example is [http://www.avclub.com/content/node/52166 this review] of the acclaimed 2005 film ''[[Lassie (2005 movie)|Lassie]]'', which describes the director as providing "plenty of dog-porn shots of the collie bounding through scenery in slow motion." A [http://hollywood-elsewhere.com/archives/2006/08/magic_of_lassie.php second review] of the same film on ''hollywood-elsewhere.com'' also reaches a similar conclusion, and comments on the concept of animal pornography: :''"When I read the phrase "dog porn" I naturally...you know. And I think a lot of us would like to see a Lassie movie in which Lassie's brother Laddie develops a special relationship with Scarlett Johansson. She could play a rich Scotsman's unfaithful wife who develops an extraordinary bond with Laddie... I'm not suggesting a stupid dog-porn flick, for God's sake. I'm thinking of a story that includes genuine tenderness and vulnerability and intimacy of a very special sort. We all know that animal eroticism is very big on the internet and is one of the last remaining taboos, and it's just a matter of time before the right filmmaker approaches it with taste and discretion. I know it sounds like I'm kidding, but I'm not. Not entirely, I mean."''

In some cases, media representations of human-animal sexual attraction or activity have been undertaken with an alternative perspective. Even when pornography itself is not involved, terms such as "animal porn" are sometimes used to cover similar ideas.

 

One example is [http://www.avclub.com/content/node/52166 this review]

of the acclaimed 2005 film ''[[Lassie (2005 movie)|Lassie]]'', which

describes the director as providing "plenty of dog-porn shots of the

collie bounding through scenery in slow motion." A [http://hollywood-elsewhere.com/archives/2006/08/magic_of_lassie.php second review] of the same film on ''hollywood-elsewhere.com'' also reaches a similar conclusion, and comments on the concept of animal pornography:

:''"When I read the phrase "dog porn" I naturally...you know. And I think a lot of us would like to see a Lassie movie in which Lassie's brother Laddie develops a special relationship with Scarlett Johansson. She could play a rich Scotsman's unfaithful wife who develops an extraordinary bond with Laddie... I'm not suggesting a stupid dog-porn flick, for God's sake. I'm thinking of a story that includes genuine tenderness and vulnerability and intimacy of a very special sort. We all know that animal eroticism is very big on the internet and is one of the last remaining taboos, and it's just a matter of time before the right filmmaker approaches it with taste and discretion. I know it sounds like I'm kidding, but I'm not. Not entirely, I mean."''

==Notable aspects in animal pornography==

==Notable aspects in animal pornography==

===Faked activity===

===Faked activity===

Some films show faked activity{{citeneeded}}. Apparently this is most

Some films show faked activity{{citeneeded}}. Apparently this is most common in equine pornography where it's easier and safer<ref>See [[zoophilia#health and safety|Zoophilia: health and safety]] for more.</ref> with a passive partner and fake [[orgasm]] than with one genuinely interested, since according to [[animal husbandry|animal breeders]] guides, stallions have a strong tendency to rear and thrust dangerously, and also to [[bite]] and [[flare]] when genuinely aroused.<ref>Sue M. McDonnell, ''Normal and Abnormal sexual behavior'', Stallion management, vol.8 No.1 April 1992, Table 1, "Normal precopulatory and copulatory behavior of domestic horse stallions": Nip or bite frequency 0-25%, Kick or strike frequency 0-10%. [http://www3.vet.upenn.edu/labs/equinebehavior/publixs/Papers/92NormalU.pdf] (PDF) The Louisiana School of Veterinary Medicine's Stallion Breeding guide states that "The entire collection (from a stallion) has to be a choreographed effort by everyone involved in order to... keep everyone safe." [http://www.vetmed.lsu.edu/eiltslotus/theriogenology-5361/stallion.htm] By contrast of course, animal pornography participants are less likely to be familiar with such animals than professional breeders, less skilled at management of animals when breeding, not have as many people to prevent untoward violent movement, and less safely distanced. Possibly also animals in such films may be random farm animals (hence unpredictable). Under these conditions a degree of circumspection may arise. </ref>

common in equine pornography where it's easier and safer<ref>See

[[zoophilia#health and safety|Zoophilia: health and safety]] for

more.</ref> with a passive partner and fake [[orgasm]] than with one

genuinely interested, since according to [[animal husbandry|animal

breeders]] guides, stallions have a strong tendency to rear and thrust

dangerously, and also to [[bite]] and [[flare]] when genuinely

aroused.<ref>Sue M. McDonnell, ''Normal and Abnormal sexual

behavior'', Stallion management, vol.8 No.1 April 1992, Table 1,

"Normal precopulatory and copulatory behavior of domestic horse

stallions": Nip or bite frequency 0-25%, Kick or strike frequency

0-10%. [http://www3.vet.upenn.edu/labs/equinebehavior/publixs/Papers/92NormalU.pdf]

(PDF) The Louisiana School of Veterinary Medicine's Stallion Breeding

guide states that "The entire collection (from a stallion) has to be a

choreographed effort by everyone involved in order to... keep everyone

safe." [http://www.vetmed.lsu.edu/eiltslotus/theriogenology-5361/stallion.htm]

By contrast of course, animal pornography participants are less likely

to be familiar with such animals than professional breeders, less

skilled at management of animals when breeding, not have as many

people to prevent untoward violent movement, and less safely

distanced. Possibly also animals in such films may be random farm

animals (hence unpredictable). Under these conditions a degree of

circumspection may arise. </ref>

===Cartoon, satire and other representations===

===Cartoon, satire and other representations===

===Erotic stories===

===Erotic stories===

Although pornography is often thought of in terms of visual imagery,

Although pornography is often thought of in terms of visual imagery, there is also a large subgenre of erotic stories in text form. Unlike movies, but like other textual material, animal sex stories tend to be freely available for non-commercial purposes, since the major websites carrying archived textual material all do so for free.<ref>Examples of the major sex story websites include [http://www.nifty.org nifty.org] and [http://www.asstr.org/main.html asstr.org] (text repository and index of [[newsgroup]] [[alt.sex.stories]]), both free for private purposes.</ref>

there is also a large subgenre of erotic stories in text form. Unlike

movies, but like other textual material, animal sex stories tend to be

freely available for non-commercial purposes, since the major websites

carrying archived textual material all do so for free.<ref>Examples of

the major sex story websites include [http://www.nifty.org nifty.org]

and [http://www.asstr.org/main.html asstr.org] (text repository and

index of [[newsgroup]] [[alt.sex.stories]]), both free for private

purposes.</ref>

===Animal pornography not including humans $stub$===

===Animal pornography not including humans $stub$===

(eg furry art, animal documentaries sold by specialist outlets for

(eg furry art, animal documentaries sold by specialist outlets for sexual interest, etc)

sexual interest, etc)

{{sectstub}}

{{sectstub}}

==Production and distribution==

==Production and distribution==

Major producers of animal pornography have included companies such as

Major producers of animal pornography have included companies such as [[Color Climax Corporation]] and Petlust, the former producing commercial and often abusive films up to and including [[avisodomy]] (often fatal for birds), including most of the material for the notorious underground film ''[[Animal Farm (video)|Animal Farm]]''.

[[Color Climax Corporation]] and Petlust, the former producing

commercial and often abusive films up to and including [[avisodomy]]

(often fatal for birds), including most of the material for the

notorious underground film ''[[Animal Farm (video)|Animal Farm]]''.

In some cases (as noted above), specific series have been produced,

In some cases (as noted above), specific series have been produced, featuring repeat animal stars such as "Hector" (a [[Great Dane]]), or human stars such as [[Chessie Moore]].

featuring repeat animal stars such as "Hector" (a [[Great Dane]]), or

human stars such as [[Chessie Moore]].

[[Online]] distribution of animal pornography is spread via original

[[Online]] distribution of animal pornography is spread via original suppliers, [[copyright|copyright breakers]] who repost existing materials obtained from other sources,  [[amateur pornography]] ("home made"), private [[file sharing]] between friends, as well as via [[Usenet]], [[Internet forum|forums]], [[Internet Relay Chat]] (IRC) and [[peer to peer]] (P2P) software such as [[Kazaa]] and [[eDonkey]]. Some [[mobile phone|cell phone]] operators or legal systems restrict pornography of all kinds, thus including animal pornography, from being distributed via cell phones, particularly as they are hard to supervise and children are a major market sector.<ref>Cell phones: for example Australia [http://www.cnet.com.au/mobilephones/phones/0,39025953,40055061,00.htm] and Singapore [http://home.singtel.com/terms/self-regulation_code.pdf] (PDF).</ref>

suppliers, [[copyright|copyright breakers]] who repost existing

materials obtained from other sources,  [[amateur pornography]] ("home

made"), private [[file sharing]] between friends, as well as via

[[Usenet]], [[Internet forum|forums]], [[Internet Relay Chat]] (IRC)

and [[peer to peer]] (P2P) software such as [[Kazaa]] and [[eDonkey]].

Some [[mobile phone|cell phone]] operators or legal systems restrict

pornography of all kinds, thus including animal pornography, from

being distributed via cell phones, particularly as they are hard to

supervise and children are a major market sector.<ref>Cell phones: for

example Australia

[http://www.cnet.com.au/mobilephones/phones/0,39025953,40055061,00.htm]

and Singapore [http://home.singtel.com/terms/self-regulation_code.pdf]

(PDF).</ref>

==Legal issues==

==Legal issues==

:''Other articles with legal sections: [[Obscenity]], [[Pornography]],

:''Other articles with legal sections: [[Obscenity]], [[Pornography]],

[[Legal status of internet pornography]], [[Zoosexuality and the

[[Legal status of internet pornography]], [[Zoosexuality and the law]]'' Legality of any given pornographic material has three components: legality of production, legality of sale and transportation, and legality of ownership.  

law]]''

In general, animal pornography is legal to produce anywhere that zoosexual activity and the creation of pornography in general are both legal. Laws concerning sale, transmission and ownership vary more widely.

 

Legality of any given pornographic material has three components:

legality of production, legality of sale and transportation, and

legality of ownership.

 

In general, animal pornography is legal to produce anywhere that

zoosexual activity and the creation of pornography in general are both

legal. Laws concerning sale, transmission and ownership vary more

widely.

In many countries such as [[Canada]], [[Hungary]] and the Netherlands,

In many countries such as [[Canada]], [[Hungary]] and the Netherlands, such material is legal, although in some countries where zoosexual acts are legal, zoosexual pornography is not (Belgium, Germany, Russia). Animal pornography is governed in the United States by the same [[Miller test]] and [[obscenity law]]s as any other form of pornography.

such material is legal, although in some countries where zoosexual

acts are legal, zoosexual pornography is not (Belgium, Germany,

Russia). Animal pornography is governed in the United States by the

same [[Miller test]] and [[obscenity law]]s as any other form of

pornography.

Erotic art, such as animal pornography in cartoons and the like, which

Erotic art, such as animal pornography in cartoons and the like, which does not require the recording of an actual sexual incident, are not usually considered sex with animals by the law, and so their status depends upon more general laws such as legal limits upon obscenity or pornography alone, and the thin line between erotic art and pornography. The contrasting views between cultures are highlighted by the case of ''[[Omaha the Cat Dancer]]'', a [[furry fandom|furry]] [[comic|comic book]], which was simultaneously the subject of a raid by [[Toronto]] police for pornographic depiction of bestiality,<ref>As noted, "furry", or anthropomorthic cartoon art, is not usually considered "bestiality".</ref> and the subject of praise by the [[New Zealand]] [[Office of Film and Literature Classification (New Zealand)|Office of Film and Literature Classification]], which found it suitable for "all ages", for its mature depiction of relationships and sexuality.

does not require the recording of an actual sexual incident, are not

usually considered sex with animals by the law, and so their status

depends upon more general laws such as legal limits upon obscenity or

pornography alone, and the thin line between erotic art and

pornography. The contrasting views between cultures are highlighted by

the case of ''[[Omaha the Cat Dancer]]'', a [[furry fandom|furry]]

[[comic|comic book]], which was simultaneously the subject of a raid

by [[Toronto]] police for pornographic depiction of bestiality,<ref>As

noted, "furry", or anthropomorthic cartoon art, is not usually

considered "bestiality".</ref> and the subject of praise by the [[New

Zealand]] [[Office of Film and Literature Classification (New

Zealand)|Office of Film and Literature Classification]], which found

it suitable for "all ages", for its mature depiction of relationships

and sexuality.

===List of relevant laws===

===List of relevant laws===

[http://dejure.org/gesetze/StGB/184.html]

[http://dejure.org/gesetze/StGB/184.html]

|-

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| [[Russia]] || Undefined || Undefined || Criminal Code vaguely

| [[Russia]] || Undefined || Undefined || Criminal Code vaguely prohibits "illegal" pornography (an undefined term) however known to be ineffectual and either ignored or unenforced. In practice, there seems no firm law nor enforcement interest, either for production or possession, although technically pornography of all kinds is regulated by law. However, "pornography producers trying to operate legally say they won't go near necrophilia or bestiality". <ref>Russia: "Since 1997, the only provision in the Criminal Code regulating pornography states that anyone convicted of "illegal" production or distribution of pornography can be sentenced to up to two years in prison. The language, however, implies that there are avenues for legal production and distribution, a loophole that porn producers have used, with varying degrees of success, to legitimize their craft... The law also fails to define what constitutes pornography... Pornography producers trying to operate legally say they won't go near necrophilia or bestiality, and, under the law, a person convicted of production or distribution of child pornography faces up to eight years in prison... Numerous bills in recent years have been proposed in the State Duma to clear up the ambiguities, but all have been shot down." [http://www.moscowtimes.ru/stories/2006/07/04/003.html]</ref>

prohibits "illegal" pornography (an undefined term) however known to

be ineffectual and either ignored or unenforced. In practice, there

seems no firm law nor enforcement interest, either for production or

possession, although technically pornography of all kinds is regulated

by law. However, "pornography producers trying to operate legally say

they won't go near necrophilia or bestiality". <ref>Russia: "Since

1997, the only provision in the Criminal Code regulating pornography

states that anyone convicted of "illegal" production or distribution

of pornography can be sentenced to up to two years in prison. The

language, however, implies that there are avenues for legal production

and distribution, a loophole that porn producers have used, with

varying degrees of success, to legitimize their craft... The law also

fails to define what constitutes pornography... Pornography producers

trying to operate legally say they won't go near necrophilia or

bestiality, and, under the law, a person convicted of production or

distribution of child pornography faces up to eight years in prison...

Numerous bills in recent years have been proposed in the State Duma to

clear up the ambiguities, but all have been shot down."

[http://www.moscowtimes.ru/stories/2006/07/04/003.html]</ref>

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| [[United States]] || As with all pornography, considered [[obscene]]

| [[United States]] || As with all pornography, considered [[obscene]]