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Directory:Josip Broz Tito (view source)

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[[File:438px-Josip Broz Tito Légion d'honneur.jpg|thumb|right||210px|Dictator [[Josip Broz Tito]] (a man with many talents)]]

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[[File:438px-Josip Broz Tito Légion d'honneur.jpg|thumb|right||210px|Dictator [[Josip Broz Tito]]. Also known as ''Marshal Tito'' (a man with many talents)]]

[[File:250px-Location Austria Hungary 1914.png|thumb|right||275px|Josip Broz Tito was from the [[Austria|Austro]]-Hungarian Empire]]

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*One of the main founders and promoters of the Non-Aligned Movement, and its first Secretary-General. (etc)

== Post Berlin Wall and the collapse of Yugoslavia ==

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[[File:LocationYugoslavia2.png|thumb|right||275px|Yugoslavia 1918-92]]

After the fall of the Berlin Wall and the collapse of Yugoslavia, factual evidence has emerged that Josip Broz and the Yugoslav regime were actually responsible for executing mass murders, arrests and torture. The worst of these events are the;

*Way of the Cross massacres <ref>[http://hrcak.srce.hr/index.php?show=clanak&id_clanak_jezik=27516&lang=en Hrcak Portal of '''Scientific Journals''' of Croatia:] An Addition to the Research of the Problem of Bleiburg & Way of the Cross. '''Scientific''' Journal by Zdravko Dizdar [http://www.unizg.hr/homepage/ University of Zagreb].

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*"The killing continued after the war as Tito's victorious forces took revenge on their real and perceived enemies. British forces in [[Austria]] turned back tens of thousands of fleeing Yugoslavs. Estimates range from 30,000 to 55,000 people killed between spring and autumn 1945."

</ref>}}

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[[File:800px-Barbara-rov IMG 0877.jpg|thumb|right|325px|Barbara Rov-[[Slovenia]]."One of the many massacre sites"]]

'''Note''': Vladimir Geiger of the [[Croatia|Croatian]] Institute for History:{{Cquote|''The list of German victims includes 26,000 women and 5,800 children who died in [[Talk:Titoism and Totalitarianism|Yugoslav Camps]]''- Geiger said.<ref>[http://www.newcomers-network.de/newsfeed_dpa/110217German_mass_grave_sheds_new_light_on_clo.php Newcomers Network:] German Mass Grave Sheds New Light on Close of World War Two. </ref>}}

The [[Titoism and Totalitarianism#Goli Otok|Goli Otok]] (Barren Island),<ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=pV6sFB-KuU8C&pg=PA126&lpg=PA129&dq=History+of+the+literary+cultures+of+East-Central+Europe+UDBA&source=bl&ots=VdZ143-ajs&sig=Bop4of55CjpRgqVveDG_NEQi2bk&hl=en&ei=_3L-S5-uJdDIcaGDkO4J&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CBQQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=UDBA&f=false History of the Literary Cultures of East-Central Europe] by Marcel Cornis-Pope & John Neubauer.(p126)</ref><ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?hl=en&lr=&id=Cn1b0hwln-oC&oi=fnd&pg=PA202&dq=Tito%27s+UDBA+activities+in+Australia+from+the+1960%27s&ots=GfmeK3KoMa&sig=hfTkJsqYV9nIZfm0vxJYwaWeUYA#v=onepage&q=&f=falseTransitional Justice in Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet Union] by Lavinia Stan

*"This book provides the most thorough and analytically sophisticated treatment yet available of this crucial topic." Mark Kramer, Cold War Studies Program, Harvard University. Chapter 9 (p202)</ref> a notorious prison on the Croatian coast, (former Yugoslavia’s Evil Island-Gulag) is where the regime imprisoned their enemies.<ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=FTw3lEqi2-oC&pg=PA179&dq=Andrija+Hebrang+purge&cd=4#v=onepage&q=goli%20otok&f=false The Three Yugoslavias: State-building and Legitimation, 1918-2005] by Sabrina P. Ramet. (p179)</ref><ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=RIIX4PCkduwC&pg=PA377&dq=Discontents:+Postmodern+and+Post-communist+(2002)+tito.&hl=en&ei=-73DS_ikK4zk7APE7vGzCQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CDYQ6AEwAA#v=snippet&q=goli%20otok&f=false Discontents: Postmodern and Postcommunist] by Paul Hollander. (p397)</ref><ref>[http://www.goliotok.com/ Goli Otok: Yugoslavia’s Evil Island Gulag] '''Josip Zoretic'''-Political prisoner of the former Yugoslavia's most notorious prison. Goli Otok: Hell in the Adriatic (book) by Josip Zoretic</ref><ref>'''Vera Winter'''– Croatian Economist. Political prisoner of the former Yugoslavia's prison, [[Titoism and Totalitarianism#Goli Otok|Goli Otok]]. '''Interview''': BBC 4/Tito's Ghosts</ref><ref>'''Alfred Pal'''- Croatian [[Art|Artist]]. Political prisoner of the former Yugoslavia's prison, Goli Otok. '''Interview''': BBC 4/Tito's Ghosts</ref> They included mainly ''alleged'' enemies of the communist state, other Communist Party members, regular citizens accused of exhibiting any democratic and anti-communist behaviour. It is estimated over 100 000 people where arrested on false allegations and imprisoned. Family members were told that they went on a business trip. Other camps that were used by the regime are KPH Zenica, Stare Gradiska and Sveti Grgur.

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~~[[File:800px-Barbara-rov IMG 0877.jpg|thumb|right|325px|Barbara Rov-[[Slovenia]]."One of the many massacre sites"]]~~

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== Second Yugoslavia ==

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{{Cquote|''After World War Two, the [[United States]] considered Yugoslavia to be a loyal Soviet satellite, but Tito surprised the West in 1948 by breaking with Stalin. Seizing this opportunity, the Truman administration sought to "keep Tito afloat" by giving him military and economic aid.''<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=MO0brh8EgdcC&pg=PR16&dq=Keeping+Tito+Afloat:+The+United+States,+Yugoslavia,+and+the+Cold+War+loans&hl=en&ei=0VB2TPu3GMWrcYbigY8G&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCUQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=loans&f=false Keeping Tito Afloat] by Lorraine M. Lees

*"Keeping Tito Afloat draws upon newly '''declassified''' documents to show the critical role that Yugoslavia played in [[United States|U.S. foreign]] policy with the communist world in the early years of the Cold War." (p67, p71, p74, p83, p85, p98, p90 & p182)</ref>}}

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[[File:454px-StalinPortrait.jpg|thumb|right||150px|[[Josip Broz Tito|Josip Broz Tito's]] ''Cult of Personality'' within the Communist Yugoslavia was based on Marshal of the Soviet Union - '''Joseph Stalin'''. <ref> '''Discontents: Post-modern and Post Communist''' by Paul Hollander.

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*“Virtually every [[Communists|communist]] system extinct or surviving at one point or another had a supreme leader who was both extraordinarily powerful and surrounded by a bizarre cult, indeed worship. In the past (or in a more traditional contemporary societies) such as cults were reserved for deities and associated with conventional religious behaviour and institutions. These cults although apparently an intrinsic part of communist dictatorships (at any rate at a stage in their evolution) are largely forgotten today.”

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*“ Stalin, Mao, Castro, Ho Chi Minh, Kim Sung, Enver Hoxha, Ceascesu, Dimitrov, Ulbricht, Gottwald, '''Tito''' and others all were the object of such cults. The prototypical cult was that of Stalin which was duplicated elsewhere with minor variations. (p377)

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”[http://daviscenter.fas.harvard.edu/people/bio_hollander.html Paul Hollander] Ph.D in Sociology. Princeton University, 1963, B.A. London School of Economics, 1959 Professor Emeritus of Sociology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst Center Associate, Davis Center</ref> (above)]]

Josip Broz was a backer of independent roads to socialism. In 1950, the National Assembly supported a bill written by Milovan Dilas and Tito about "self-management", an independent socialism that experimented with profit sharing with workers in state-run enterprises. He supported the policy of non-alignment between the two hostile blocs in the Cold War. Such successful diplomacy allowed Tito to preside over the Yugoslav economic boom and the expansion of the 1960s and 70s however, it was all a short-term solution.<ref>'''Encyclopaedia Britannica'''-History & Society: Josip Broz Tito

*"He promoted self-management but never gave up on the party’s monopoly of power. He permitted broad freedoms in science, art, and culture that were unheard of in the Soviet bloc, but he kept excoriating the West. He preached peaceful coexistence but built an army that, in 1991, delivered the coup de grace to the dying Yugoslav state. At his death, the '''state treasury''' was '''empty''' and political opportunists unchecked." </ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwone/yugoslavia_03.shtml|title='''BBC'''-History by Tim Judah}}</ref> <ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=pSxJdE4MYo4C&pg=PA187&dq=Ivo+Goldstein++Tito&hl=en&ei=ighBTLC6M8Srcb_9uaQP&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCcQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=the%20economic%20failure%20of%20Tito’s%20system&f=false Croatia: A History] by Ivo Goldstein. (p187)</ref> His presidency and leadership were authoritarian and totalitarian <ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=4t5gBayTeDQC&pg=PA214&dq=Yugoslavia+Totalitarian+state&hl=en&ei=CJ_eS7HuF8uLkAXJxd3PBw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=9&ved=0CFYQ6AEwCDgU#v=onepage&q=Yugoslavia%20Totalitarian%20state&f=false Titoism in Action: The Reforms in Yugoslavia After 1948] by Fred Warner Neal.

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* '''Christopher Bennett''' <ref>'''Christopher Bennett''': "A British journalist who has the good fortune to speak both Slovenian, Croatian and Serbian, a skill that has enabled him to draw heavily on literature of the region that would be unavailable to most American or British journalists."</ref> on Tito's activities in the 1930's:

{{Cquote|''Foreign communists were far from immune to the purges and most leading Yugoslav communists perished in these years. However, the purges gave Tito his break and catapulted him to the top of the Yugoslav Communist Party in 1937. Only the most committed Stalinist could have prospered in the 1930’s in the way Tito did.''<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=FeiKg3TuNl0C&pg=PA57&dq=titoism&client=safari&cd=9#v=onepage&q=cpy&f= Yugoslavia's Bloody Collapse: Causes, Course and Consequences] by Christopher Bennett. (p57)</ref>}}

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~~[[File:LocationYugoslavia2.png|thumb|right||275px|Yugoslavia 1918-92]]~~

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== Tito & the West ==

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After the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 it has become evident that the Western allies Cold War relationship with Yugoslavia is much more '''complex''' than it first appeared. We are looking at the fact that the West turned a blind eye to Yugoslavia’s Communist Stalinist policies. The Western allies were complicit in joining in the glorification of Tito. Tito’s cult of personality~~<ref> '''Discontents: Post-modern and Post Communist''' by Paul Hollander.~~

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After the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 it has become evident that the Western allies Cold War relationship with Yugoslavia is much more '''complex''' than it first appeared. We are looking at the fact that the West turned a blind eye to Yugoslavia’s Communist Stalinist policies. The Western allies were complicit in joining in the glorification of Tito. Tito’s cult of personality<ref>[http://books.google.it/books?id=TjOsyebOTS8C&pg=PA152&dq=yugoslavia+tito+cult&lr=&as_brr=3#v=onepage&q=yugoslavia%20tito%20cult&f=false Death of the Father:] An Anthropology of the end in Political Authority by Di John Borneman.

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*“Virtually every [[Communists|communist]] system extinct or surviving at one point or another had a supreme leader who was both extraordinarily powerful and surrounded by a bizarre cult, indeed worship. In the past (or in a more traditional contemporary societies) such as cults were reserved for deities and associated with conventional religious behaviour and institutions. These cults although apparently an intrinsic part of communist dictatorships (at any rate at a stage in their evolution) are largely forgotten today.”

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*“ Stalin, Mao, Castro, Ho Chi Minh, Kim Sung, Enver Hoxha, Ceascesu, Dimitrov, Ulbricht, Gottwald, '''Tito''' and others all were the object of such cults. The prototypical cult was that of Stalin which was duplicated elsewhere with minor variations. (p377)

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”[http://daviscenter.fas.harvard.edu/people/bio_hollander.html Paul Hollander] Ph.D in Sociology. Princeton University, 1963, B.A. London School of Economics, 1959 Professor Emeritus of Sociology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst Center Associate, Davis Center</ref><ref>[http://books.google.it/books?id=TjOsyebOTS8C&pg=PA152&dq=yugoslavia+tito+cult&lr=&as_brr=3#v=onepage&q=yugoslavia%20tito%20cult&f=false Death of the Father:] An Anthropology of the end in Political Authority by Di John Borneman.

*"This international anthropological project is a study of the closure of political authority in the 20th century and consists of a Website, databases of research materials, an audio-visual essay, and a book. Six anthropologists, led by Cornell professor John Borneman, take up the end of an authority crisis that spanned most of this century, 1917-1991, and that crystallized around four state political forms: Fascist Italy, Nazi Germany, Imperial Japan, and the State Socialist regimes of East Germany, '''Yugoslavia''', Romania, and the Soviet Union." (p152) </ref><ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=Mi9b2yenE0kC&pg=PA91&dq=cult+of+personality+Josip+broz+tito&client=safari&cd=8#v=onepage&q=&f=false Governing by Committee:] Collegial Leadership in Advanced Societies by Thomas A. Baylis. Communist Collective Leadership, (p91)</ref><ref>Government Leaders, Military Rulers and Political Activists: An Encyclopaedia of People Who Changed the World (Lives & Legacies Series) by David W. Del Testa, Florence Lemoine & John Strickland. Legacy Chapter (p181)</ref> was of staggering proportions and it is apparent that it was modelled on Joseph Stalin’s. This casting a blind eye on the situation that was occurring in Yugoslavia was very interesting.

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==External links==

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