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==If we put aside political correctness, concerning Korcula's history==

==If we put aside political correctness, concerning Korcula's history==

If we put aside political correctness, one could ask the question what happened to the '''Roman families''' when the Slavs invaded the island of Korčula? <ref>In Croatian the c in Korcula is pronounced ''ch'' and is written "'''č'''".</ref> The Slavic tribes invaded the [[Directory:Fausto Veranzio#Dalmatian|Dalmatian]] province of the ''Byzantine Empite'' (Eastern Roman Empire).

If we put aside political correctness, one could ask the question what happened to the '''Roman families''' when the Slavs invaded the island of Korčula? <ref>In Croatian the c in Korcula is pronounced ''ch'' and is written "'''č'''".</ref> The Slavic tribes invaded the [[Directory:Fausto_Veranzio#Dalmatia|Dalmatian]] province of the ''Byzantine Empire'' (Eastern Roman Empire).

===Events===

===Events===

Events could have unfolded (and most probably did) which led to them being attacked and killed. The survivors could have fled from '''Korčula''' to Ragusa (Dubrovnik), then a place of refuge. Maybe some survived and remained on the island. Nikola Ostojic a 19 century Historian from Korčula (Blato) describes the acutal invasion of the Narentani (Neretljani Slavs) in his [[Directory:Korcula History|book]] Historical Compendium of the Island of Korčula which written in 1858. The Roman cities of Dalmatia; Epidaurum, Narona and Salona (which were then part of the Byzantine Empire (Eastern Roman Empire), were destroyed or just abandoned. This was due to the fact that the cities were not strategically set up for defence from constant invasions.  The Avari participated in these events too.<ref>The Ostrogoths tribes also invaded Dalmatia in the 6th century</ref> In this historic period it is recorded that many of the churches on the island of Korčula were destroyed (then rebuilt at a later stage). <ref>According to recent studies done at the University of Zadar,  Slavs on the island of Korčula accepted Christianity fully in the 14th century.  Reference from: University of Zadar-Sociogeographic Transformation of the Western Part of Korcula Island by Lena Mirosevic-2008/page 161</ref> According to [[Directory:Historical Compendium of the Island of Korcula|''"Historical Compendium of the Island of Korcula"'']] by Nikola Ostoic, the Roman families survived. They spoke the ''Romance language''-'''Dalmatian'''.

Events could have unfolded (and most probably did) which led to them being attacked and killed. The survivors could have fled from '''Korčula''' to Ragusa (Dubrovnik), then a place of refuge. Maybe some survived and remained on the island. Nikola Ostojic a 19 century Historian from Korčula (Blato) describes the actual invasion of the Narentani (Neretljani Slavs) in his [[Directory:Korcula History|book]] ''Historical Compendium of the Island of Korčula'' which written in 1858. The Roman cities of Dalmatia; Epidaurum, Narona and Salona (which were then part of the Byzantine Empire (Eastern Roman Empire), were destroyed or just abandoned. This was due to the fact that the cities were not strategically set up for defence from constant invasions.  According various sources the Avari participated in these events too the Ostrogoths tribes also invaded Dalmatia in the 6th century).  The Avari were a nomadic people from Asia who invaded the Balkans at the same time as the Slavs. In this historic period it is recorded that many of the churches on the island of Korčula were destroyed (then rebuilt at a later stage). <ref>According to recent studies done at the '''University of Zadar''',  Slavs on the island of Korčula accepted Christianity fully in the 14th century.  Reference from: University of Zadar-Sociogeographic Transformation of the Western Part of Korcula Island by Lena Mirosevic-2008/page 161</ref> According to Nikola Ostojic, the Roman families survived. They spoke the ''Romance language''-'''Dalmatian'''.

The new population likely settled in the centre of the island (near the village Čara) they spoke '''Chakavian-Croatian'''. The centre of the island had its strategic qualities which allowed protection on all sides from attack by sea. It also had fertile land which allowed cultivation.  After the invasion of Slavic tribes the region stabilised to a certain extent. The ''Eastern Roman Empire'' (Byzantine) and the ''Republic of Venice''  and others,<ref>Narantani (Neretljani Slavs)</ref> started to exert a political influence over the region. These events have been recorded historically by both Empires in chronicles of the time.

The new population probably settled in the centre of the island (near the village Cara) and they spoke '''Chakavian'''-Croatian. The centre of the island had its strategic qualities which allowed protection on all sides from attack by sea. It also had fertile land which allowed cultivation.  After the invasion of Slavic tribes, the region stabilised to a certain extent. The ''Eastern Roman Empire'' (Byzantine) and the ''Republic of Venice''  and others,<ref>Narantani (Neretljani Slavs or ''Arentanoi'')</ref> started to exert a political influence over the region. These events have been recorded historically by both Empires in chronicles of the time.

Dalmatians of Roman-Latin ancestry brought ''Mediterranean cultural'' to the Slavs. Christianity was one aspect of this. In essence Slavs-Croatians on the island were '''Romanized'''.

Dalmatians of Roman-Latin ancestry brought ''Mediterranean cultural'' to the Slavs. Christianity was one aspect of this. In essence Slavs on the island were '''Romanized'''.

The 19th century theories concerning the '''identity''' of these early Slavs is flawed. The latest scholarly & archaeological research states that the Slavs of Southern Dalmatian were identified as neither Croatians or Serbs. They were called Slavs. This term was first used by Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantine) and was written in the 6th century  in Byzantine Greek.   

The 19th century theories concerning the '''identity''' of these early Slavs is flawed. The latest scholarly & archaeological research states that the Slavs of Southern Dalmatian were identified as neither Croatians or Serbs. They were called Slavs.This term was first used by the Byzantines and was written in the 6th century  in Byzantine Greek. Then latter also as Croatians. There is archaeological evidence from 16 century where the Croatian identity was used. Stone writings in Zavalatica are dedicated to events from 889 AD. It describes a clash between the Slavic population and the Venetian army. Marinko Gjivoje wrote about the find in 1972. The stone writings uses: ''Hrvat Dalmatinac'' in its writings. ''Hrvat'' means Croatian in Slavic.<ref>[http://www.korcula.net/history/mmarelic/script.htm History-Korcula.net] Marko Marelic-S. Francisco-USA</ref>  

   

   

Later the Slavic peoples started to identify themselves (''or'' by others) into separate ethnic groups which is perfectly normal. It seems that in Southern Dalmatia the Slavic identity lasted much longer. As centuries went by Dalmatian Slavs started to referred to themselves as just ''Dalmatians''.  

Later the Slavic peoples started to identify themselves and separated (''or'' by others) into different groups which is perfectly normal. It seems that in Southern Dalmatia the Slavic identity lasted much longer. As centuries went by Dalmatian Slavs started to referer to themselves as just ''Dalmatians''.

''Signor Arneri'' stated: Historic quote taken from ''Researches on the Danube and the Adriatic'': By Andrew Archibald Paton. Chapter 4. The Dalmatian Archipelago.p164 (1861)

''Signor Arneri'' stated: Historic quote taken from ''Researches on the Danube and the Adriatic'': By Andrew Archibald Paton. Chapter 4. The Dalmatian Archipelago.p164 (1861)

{{Cquote|''These three pears you see on the wall," said he, "are the arms of my family. Perussich was the name, when, in the earlier part of the fifteenth century, my ancestors  built this palace; so that, you see, I am '''Dalmatian'''. All the family, fathers, sons, and brothers, used to serve in the fleets of the Republic (Republic of Venice); but the hero of our race was ''Arneri Perussich'', whose statue you see there, who fought, bled, and died at the''' Siege of Candia''', whose memory was honoured by the Republic, and whose surviving family was liberally pensioned; so his name of our race. We became Arneri, and ceased to be Perussich''<ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=LUFlza-oCV0C&pg=PA164&dq=These+three+pears+you+see+on+the+wall,%22+said+he,+%22are+the+arms+of+my+family.+Perussich+was+the+name,&hl=en&ei=Q2NCTNiSCJLqvQO8y9DIDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=These%20three%20pears%20you%20see%20on%20the%20wall%2C%22%20said%20he%2C%20%22are%20the%20arms%20of%20my%20family.%20Perussich%20was%20the%20name%2C&f=false Researches on the Danube and the Adriatic:] By Andrew Archibald Paton. Chapter 4. The Dalmatian Archipelago.p164

{{Cquote| ''These three pears you see on the wall," said he, "are the arms of my family. Perussich was the name, when, in the earlier part of the fifteenth century, my ancestors  built this palace; so that, you see, I am '''Dalmatian'''. All the family, fathers, sons, and brothers, used to serve in the fleets of the Republic (Republic of Venice); but the hero of our race was ''Arneri Perussich'', whose statue you see there, who fought, bled, and died at the''' Siege of Candia''', whose memory was honoured by the Republic, and whose surviving family was liberally pensioned; so his name of our race. We became Arneri, and ceased to be Perussich'' <ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=LUFlza-oCV0C&pg=PA164&dq=These+three+pears+you+see+on+the+wall,%22+said+he,+%22are+the+arms+of+my+family.+Perussich+was+the+name,&hl=en&ei=Q2NCTNiSCJLqvQO8y9DIDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=These%20three%20pears%20you%20see%20on%20the%20wall%2C%22%20said%20he%2C%20%22are%20the%20arms%20of%20my%20family.%20Perussich%20was%20the%20name%2C&f=false Researches on the Danube and the Adriatic:] By Andrew Archibald Paton. Chapter 4. The Dalmatian Archipelago.p164

* Andrew Archibald Paton (1811-1874) was a British diplomat and writer from the 19 century.</ref> (According to Marinko Gjivoje, Perussich is ''Piruzović''.) <ref>Otok Korčula (2nd edition) by [http://esperanto.net/literaturo/autor/gjivoje.html Marinko Gjivoje], Zagreb 1969.  

* Andrew Archibald Paton (1811-1874) was a British diplomat and writer from the 19 century.</ref> (Here is a perfect example of  Slavic family surname becaming later Venetian in character. According to Marinko Gjivoje, Perussich is ''Piruzović''.) <ref>Otok Korčula (2nd edition) by [http://esperanto.net/literaturo/autor/gjivoje.html Marinko Gjivoje], Zagreb 1969.  

*The book outlines A-Z about the island of Korčula, from traditions, history, culture to wildlife, politics & geography. Page 46-47: ''Piruzović ''. </ref>}}

*The book outlines A-Z about the island of Korčula, from traditions, history, culture to wildlife, politics & geography. Page 46-47: ''Piruzović ''. </ref>}}

'''Historic quote''' taken from ''When Ethnicity Did not Matter in the Balkans'' by John Van Antwerp Fine:

'''Historic quote''' taken from ''When Ethnicity Did not Matter in the Balkans'' by John Van Antwerp Fine:

{{Cquote| ''"In 1262 the Venetians praised the Slavs and Latins on the island of Korcula for submitting to the prince Venice had sent"'' <ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=p3oGybOY1w4C&pg=PA103&dq=korcula+Venice++Slavs&hl=en&ei=oMBjTJPQBoicvgPkpPCeCg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CE4Q6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=korcula%20Venice%20%20Slavs&f=false When Ethnicity Did not Matter in the Balkans:] by John Van Antwerp Fine. p103</ref>}}

{{Cquote| ''"In 1262 the Venetian praised the Slavs and Latins on the island of Korcula for submitting to the prince Venice had sent"'' <ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=p3oGybOY1w4C&pg=PA103&dq=korcula+Venice++Slavs&hl=en&ei=oMBjTJPQBoicvgPkpPCeCg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CE4Q6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=korcula%20Venice%20%20Slavs&f=false When Ethnicity Did not Matter in the Balkans:] by John Van Antwerp Fine. p103</ref>}}

Today we have surnames on the island that are not of Slavic origin, for example:

Today we have surnames on the island that are not of Slavic origin, for example:

* Regarding the Shokavian dialect (taken from-[http://ukpmc.ac.uk/articles/PMC2121596/reload=0;jsessionid=7BE5888928AF51ECB79DC33089D0E57A.jvm1The Land of 1000 Islands] by Igor Rudan): {{Cquote|''However, the clashes between the Ottoman Empire and Venetian Republic produced extensive migrations from the mainland areas, especially from today's Bosnia and Herzegovina, to the eastern parts of the islands of Brač, Hvar, Korčula, and Pag. The newcomers brought their gene pool and a variety of cultural specificities, including the “Shokavian” dialect of the Croatian language to the predominantly “Chakavian” area. The most extensive migrations to these islands occurred during the Cypriote (1571-1573), Candian (1645-1669), and Morean wars (1684-1699). The newcomers were given land and awarded special privileges “The Paštrović Privileges”.'' <ref>[http://ukpmc.ac.uk/articles/PMC2121596/reload=0;jsessionid=7BE5888928AF51ECB79DC33089D0E57A.jvm1 The Land of 1000 Islands] by Igor Rudan</ref>}}

* Regarding the Shokavian dialect (taken from-[http://ukpmc.ac.uk/articles/PMC2121596/reload=0;jsessionid=7BE5888928AF51ECB79DC33089D0E57A.jvm1The Land of 1000 Islands] by Igor Rudan): {{Cquote|''However, the clashes between the Ottoman Empire and Venetian Republic produced extensive migrations from the mainland areas, especially from today's Bosnia and Herzegovina, to the eastern parts of the islands of Brač, Hvar, Korčula, and Pag. The newcomers brought their gene pool and a variety of cultural specificities, including the “Shokavian” dialect of the Croatian language to the predominantly “Chakavian” area. The most extensive migrations to these islands occurred during the Cypriote (1571-1573), Candian (1645-1669), and Morean wars (1684-1699). The newcomers were given land and awarded special privileges “The Paštrović Privileges”.'' <ref>[http://ukpmc.ac.uk/articles/PMC2121596/reload=0;jsessionid=7BE5888928AF51ECB79DC33089D0E57A.jvm1 The Land of 1000 Islands] by Igor Rudan</ref>}}

The new arrivals to the island who were predominately Slavic (Shtokavian) speakers. This must have put the Slavic speaks (Old Croatian Slavic - Chakavian + Slavic - Shtokavian) on the island in a '''majority'''. Interesting today some [[Croatia|Croatians]] and Serbs share this dialect. Venetian was still Lingua franca on the island and must have replaced Latin as the official written language.

The new arrivals to the island were predominately Slavic (Shtokavian) speakers. This must have put the Slavic speaks (Old Croatian Slavic - Chakavian + Slavic - Shtokavian) on the island in a '''majority'''. Interesting today some [[Croatia|Croatians]] and Serbs share this dialect. Venetian was still Lingua franca on the island and must have replaced Latin as the official written language.

====Korčula dialect and Venetian====

====Korčula dialect and Venetian====

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