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Titoism and Totalitarianism (view source)

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*"In a totalitarian state, personal freedom and human rights invariably most at the hands of unrestrianed police activity. That Yugoslavia was no exception was admitted by [[Directory:Bleiburg Massacre Wikipedia#Aleksandar Rankovic|Aleksandar Rankovic]], himself head of secret police or State Security Administration. This organization is known in Yugoslavia as UDBA."</ref><ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=FeiKg3TuNl0C&pg=PA56&dq=titoism&client=safari&cd=9#v=onepage&q=titoism&f=false Yugoslavia's Bloody Collapse:] Causes, Course and Consequences by '''Christopher Bennett'''. (p56)

* "A British journalist who has the good fortune to speak both Slovenian, Croatian and Serbian, a skill that has enabled him to draw heavily on literature of the region that would be unavailable to most American or British journalists." </ref> Titoism as a ideology emerged after the Tito and Stalin split and was named after [[Directory:Josip Broz Tito|Josip Broz Tito]]. A single party, the ''Communist Party of Yugoslavia'' and its leader Josip Broz Tito, ruled the country.<ref>The League of Communists of Yugoslavia was the only legal party. Other parties were banned. Read the “CONSTITUTION OF THE SOCIALIST FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF YUGOSLAVIA”, adopted by the Federal People's Assembly April 7, 1963, at http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Yugoslavia_1963.doc</ref><ref>'''Encyclopaedia Britannica''': History & Society-Josip Broz Tito</ref><ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwone/yugoslavia_03.shtml BBC-History ''by'' Tim Judah]

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* "'''Tim Judah''' is a front line reporter for The Economist and author. A graduate of the London School of Economics and of the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University he worked for the [[BBC]] before becoming the Balkans correspondent for The Times and The Economist. Judah is also the author of the prize-winning The Serbs: History, Myth and the Destruction of Yugoslavia, published in 1997 by Yale University Press."</ref> It was a Totalitarian political system. Josip Broz was a member of the Soviet Police-NKVD and the Soviet Communist Party. The NKVD executed the rule of terror and political repression in and out of the Soviet Union.<ref>[http://www.fsu.edu/news/2007/09/11/gellately.book/ The Florida State University] FSU study on three of the 20th century's bloodiest rulers by historian Robert Gellately.</ref> Tito and his comrades set up KGB style police units in the former Yugoslavia (UDBA<ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=pV6sFB-KuU8C&pg=PA126&lpg=PA129&dq=History+of+the+literary+cultures+of+East-Central+Europe+UDBA&source=bl&ots=VdZ143-ajs&sig=Bop4of55CjpRgqVveDG_NEQi2bk&hl=en&ei=_3L-S5-uJdDIcaGDkO4J&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CBQQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=UDBA&f=false History of the Literary Cultures of East-Central Europe] by Marcel Cornis-Pope & John Neubauer.(p126)</ref><ref>Australia's Four Corners:UDBA activities in [[Australia]] from the 1960's- The Framed Croatian Six in Australia. [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=vyv9ShOL7HwC&pg=PT272&lpg=PT272&dq=abc+THE+FRAMED+CROATIAN+SIX++Croatians+in+Australia&source=bl&ots=oE4yDCmyGT&sig=3CAFMhhmPgvrUlKX2JAiseYAZFg&hl=en&ei=CCu4S5PRFMyLkAW327jJCQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CAYQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=The%20Framed%20Croatian%20Six%20in%20Australia&f=false Croatians in Australia: Pioneers, Settlers and Their Descendants] by Ilija Sutalo</ref> and OZNA). These organisations conducted political repression on a grand scale.<ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=f1YIUo9wzSUC&pg=PA202&dq=%5E+Justice+in+Eastern+Europe+and+the+Former+Soviet+Union+Tito's+UDBA&hl=en&ei=cu2mTLe5JIOSuwPZorCADQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCsQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false] by Lavinia Stan. Chapter 9 (p202).

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* "'''Tim Judah''' is a front line reporter for The Economist and author. A graduate of the London School of Economics and of the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University he worked for the [[BBC]] before becoming the Balkans correspondent for The Times and The Economist. Judah is also the author of the prize-winning The Serbs: History, Myth and the Destruction of Yugoslavia, published in 1997 by Yale University Press."</ref> It was a Totalitarian political system. Josip Broz was a member of the Soviet Police-NKVD and the Soviet Communist Party. The NKVD executed the rule of terror and political repression in and out of the Soviet Union.<ref>[http://www.fsu.edu/news/2007/09/11/gellately.book/ The Florida State University] FSU study on three of the 20th century's bloodiest rulers by historian Robert Gellately.</ref> Tito and his comrades set up KGB style police units in the former Yugoslavia (UDBA<ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=pV6sFB-KuU8C&pg=PA126&lpg=PA129&dq=History+of+the+literary+cultures+of+East-Central+Europe+UDBA&source=bl&ots=VdZ143-ajs&sig=Bop4of55CjpRgqVveDG_NEQi2bk&hl=en&ei=_3L-S5-uJdDIcaGDkO4J&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CBQQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=UDBA&f=false History of the Literary Cultures of East-Central Europe] by Marcel Cornis-Pope & John Neubauer.(p126)</ref><ref>'''Australia's Four Corners''':UDBA activities in [[Australia]] from the 1960's- The Framed Croatian Six in Australia. [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=vyv9ShOL7HwC&pg=PT272&lpg=PT272&dq=abc+THE+FRAMED+CROATIAN+SIX++Croatians+in+Australia&source=bl&ots=oE4yDCmyGT&sig=3CAFMhhmPgvrUlKX2JAiseYAZFg&hl=en&ei=CCu4S5PRFMyLkAW327jJCQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CAYQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=The%20Framed%20Croatian%20Six%20in%20Australia&f=false Croatians in Australia: Pioneers, Settlers and Their Descendants] by Ilija Sutalo</ref> and OZNA). These organisations conducted political repression on a grand scale.<ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=f1YIUo9wzSUC&pg=PA202&dq=%5E+Justice+in+Eastern+Europe+and+the+Former+Soviet+Union+Tito's+UDBA&hl=en&ei=cu2mTLe5JIOSuwPZorCADQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCsQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false Transitional justice in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union] by Lavinia Stan. Chapter 9. (p202).

*"This book provides the most thorough and analytically sophisticated treatment yet available of this crucial topic. Mark Kramer, Cold War Studies Program, '''Harvard University'''."</ref><ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=3WLxbI1EhFAC&pg=PA312&dq=Josip+broz+tito+Cult+of+Personality&lr=#v=onepage&q=Josip%20broz%20tito%20Cult%20of%20Personality&f=false Great leaders, Great Tyrants Contemporary Views of World Rulers] by Arnold Blumberg:

* "Biographical profiles of 52 major world leaders throughout history, written by subject specialists, feature pro/con essays reflecting '''contemporary views''' of the creative and tyrannical aspects of their record. They provide librarians, students, and researchers with critical insights into the figure's beliefs, a better understanding of his or her actions, and a more complete reflection on his or her place in history. Coverage is global, from Indira Gandhi to Fidel Castro, and spans history from the Egyptian king Akhenaton to Mikhail Gorbachev. Among the leaders profiled are Otto von Bismarck, Oliver Cromwell, Charles de Gaulle, Elizabeth I, Ho Chi Minh, Lenin, Louis XIV, Mao Zedong, Napoleon I, Kwame Nkrumah, Juan Peron, and '''Tito'''. (p312)</ref> The regime '''relaxed''' its authoritarian rule from the 1960s onwards.<ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=XVgVstFi0XUC&pg=PA38&lpg=PA38&dq=Titoism+and+Totalitarianism&source=bl&ots=dnzD0IgifP&sig=LQ1w_D2UDd77_vCOPhOBFHw9jQU&hl=en&ei=cQnmS5eBF82LkAWJwaAU&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=10&ved=0CCwQ6AEwCTgo#v=onepage&q&f=false New & Old Wars] by Mary Kaldor (p38)</ref>

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In 1946 the Yugoslav Camps<ref>[http://www.mp.gov.si/fileadmin/mp.gov.si/pageuploads/2005/PDF/publikacije/Crimes_committed_by_Totalitarian_Regimes.pdf European Public Hearing on “Crimes Committed by Totalitarian Regimes"]

Milko Mikola: COMMUNIST CONCENTRATION CAMPS AND LABOUR CAMPS IN SLOVENIA (p154)

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</ref><ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=Frgm5QodnFoC&pg=PA252&dq=contraction+camps+communism+yugoslavia+tito&hl=en&ei=4_SlTIeKLpCmvQPHpaH1DA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CD0Q6AEwBDgU#v=onepage&q&f=false Comrades- A History of World Communism] by Robert Service (p252)</ref> <ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=FTw3lEqi2-oC&pg=PA159&dq=Yugoslav+communist+run+concentration+camps+Slovenia+1945&hl=en&ei=79mmTLSTMYHCvQOU8IXoDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CDsQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=Yugoslav%20communist%20run%20concentration%20camps%20Slovenia%201945&f=false The Three Yugoslavias: State-Building and Legitimation, 1918-2005] by Sabrina P. Ramet (p159)</ref>held 117 485 folksdojcera (58 821 women, 32 214 men & 24 422 children).<ref>[http://74.125.155.132/scholar?q=cache:Xmg34OucoOoJ:scholar.google.com/++RESEARCH+OF+THE+PROBLEM+OF+BLEIBURG+AND+WAY+OF+THE+CROSS+++ZDRAVKO+DIZDAR+djeca+logor&hl=en&as_sdt=2000 Hrcak Portal of Scientific Journals of Croatia by Mr Dizdar's Scientific Journal - An Addition to the Research of the Problem of Bleiburg & Way of the Cross.]'''pdf page 66'''/Document page 182.</ref>

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</ref><ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=f1YIUo9wzSUC&pg=PA202&dq=%5E+Justice+in+Eastern+Europe+and+the+Former+Soviet+Union+Tito's+UDBA&hl=en&ei=cu2mTLe5JIOSuwPZorCADQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCsQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false Transitional justice in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union] by Lavinia Stan. Chapter 9. (p201,p202)</ref><ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=Frgm5QodnFoC&pg=PA252&dq=contraction+camps+communism+yugoslavia+tito&hl=en&ei=4_SlTIeKLpCmvQPHpaH1DA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CD0Q6AEwBDgU#v=onepage&q&f=false Comrades- A History of World Communism] by Robert Service (p252)</ref> <ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=FTw3lEqi2-oC&pg=PA159&dq=Yugoslav+communist+run+concentration+camps+Slovenia+1945&hl=en&ei=79mmTLSTMYHCvQOU8IXoDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CDsQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=Yugoslav%20communist%20run%20concentration%20camps%20Slovenia%201945&f=false The Three Yugoslavias: State-Building and Legitimation, 1918-2005] by Sabrina P. Ramet (p159)</ref>held 117 485 folksdojcera (58 821 women, 32 214 men & 24 422 children).<ref>[http://74.125.155.132/scholar?q=cache:Xmg34OucoOoJ:scholar.google.com/++RESEARCH+OF+THE+PROBLEM+OF+BLEIBURG+AND+WAY+OF+THE+CROSS+++ZDRAVKO+DIZDAR+djeca+logor&hl=en&as_sdt=2000 Hrcak Portal of Scientific Journals of Croatia by Mr Dizdar's Scientific Journal - An Addition to the Research of the Problem of Bleiburg & Way of the Cross.]'''pdf page 66'''/Document page 182.</ref>

'''''Note A''''': Referenced information from '''European''' Public Hearing on: “Crimes Committed by Totalitarian Regimes". The European Public Hearing was organised by the [[Slovenia|Slovenian Presidency]] of the Council of the [[European Union]] (January–June 2008) and the European Commission.

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Reports and proceedings of the 8th of April European public hearing on “Crimes Committed by Totalitarian Regimes”,<ref>[http://internationallawobserver.eu/2009/06/22/responding-to-post-second-world-war-totalitarian-crimes-in-slovenia/ International Law Observer] Responding to post-Second World War totalitarian crimes in Slovenia

Posted on June 22, 2009 by Jernej Letnar Cernic</ref> organised by the Slovenian Presidency of the Council of the [[European Union]] (January–June 2008) and the '''European Commission''',<ref>[http://europa.eu/institutions/inst/comm/index_en.htm The European Commission:]

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*"The Commission is independent of national governments. Its job is to represent and uphold the interests of the EU as a whole. It drafts proposals for new European laws, which it presents to the European Parliament and the Council. It is also the EU’s executive arm – in other words, it is responsible for implementing the decisions of Parliament and the Council. That means managing the day-to-day business of the European Union: implementing its policies, running its programmes and spending its funds. Like the Parliament and Council, the European Commission was set up in the 1950s under the EU’s founding treaties."</ref> stated the following:

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*"The '''Commission''' is independent of national governments. Its job is to represent and uphold the interests of the EU as a whole. It drafts proposals for new European laws, which it presents to the European Parliament and the Council. It is also the EU’s executive arm – in other words, it is responsible for implementing the decisions of Parliament and the Council. That means managing the day-to-day business of the [[European Union]]: implementing its policies, running its programmes and spending its funds. Like the Parliament and Council, the European Commission was set up in the 1950s under the EU’s founding treaties."</ref> stated the following:

'''(a)''' Totalitarian machines

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*"In the greater part of this paper, the author deals with individual repressive measures that Communist rule imposed in Slovenia in the period from the end of the war in 1945 until the beginning of the 1950s. In this period, the Communist authorities in Slovenia implemented all the forms of repression that were typical of states with Stalinist regimes. In Slovenia, it was a time of mass killings without court trials, and of concentration and labour camps."

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*"Property was confiscated, inhabitants were expelled from Slovenia/Yugoslavia and their residences, political and show trials were carried out, religion was repressed and the Catholic Church and its clergy were persecuted. At the beginning of the 1950s, Communist rule in Slovenia abandoned these forms of repression but was ready to reapply them if it felt threatened."

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*"Property was confiscated, inhabitants were expelled from Slovenia/'''Yugoslavia''' and their residences, political and show trials were carried out, religion was repressed and the Catholic Church and its clergy were persecuted. At the beginning of the 1950s, [[Communists|Communist]] rule in Slovenia abandoned these forms of repression but was ready to reapply them if it felt threatened."

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*"Thus the regime set up political and show trials against certain more visible opponents later. In the case of an “emergency situation”, even the establishment of concentration camps was planned in Slovenia in 1968, where around 1,000 persons, of whom 10 % were women, would be interned for political reasons." (p161)

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*"Thus the regime set up political and show trials against certain more visible opponents later. In the case of an “emergency situation”, even the establishment of '''concentration camps''' was planned in Slovenia in 1968, where around 1,000 persons, of whom 10 % were women, would be interned for political reasons." (p161)

</ref>

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[[Keyword:=Titoism]]

[[Keyword:=Yugoslavia]]

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[[Keyword:=European Union]]

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[[Keyword:=European Commission]]

[[Keyword:=Communist Yugoslavia]]

[[Keyword:=Encyclopaedia Britannica]]

Peter Z.

7,886

edits