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| | {{DISPLAYTITLE:Cactus Language}} | | {{DISPLAYTITLE:Cactus Language}} |
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| − | ==Inquiry Driven Systems : The Cactus Patch== | + | ==The Cactus Patch== |
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| | <pre> | | <pre> |
| − | 1.3.10.8 The Cactus Patch
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| − |
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| | | Thus, what looks to us like a sphere of scientific knowledge more accurately | | | Thus, what looks to us like a sphere of scientific knowledge more accurately |
| | | should be represented as the inside of a highly irregular and spiky object, | | | should be represented as the inside of a highly irregular and spiky object, |
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| | Tackling this task requires me to introduce a number of new definitions | | Tackling this task requires me to introduce a number of new definitions |
| | and a collection of additional notational devices, to which I now turn. | | and a collection of additional notational devices, to which I now turn. |
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| − | 1.3.10.8 The Cactus Patch (cont.)
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| | Depending on whether a formal language is called by the type of sign | | Depending on whether a formal language is called by the type of sign |
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| | for it to denote. A semantic interpretation of the "cactus language" is | | for it to denote. A semantic interpretation of the "cactus language" is |
| | carried out in Subsection 1.3.10.12. | | carried out in Subsection 1.3.10.12. |
| | + | </pre> |
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| − | o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o
| + | ==The Cactus Language : Syntax== |
| − | | |
| − | 1.3.10.9 The Cactus Language: Syntax
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| | | | |
| | + | <pre> |
| | | Picture two different configurations of such an irregular shape, superimposed | | | Picture two different configurations of such an irregular shape, superimposed |
| | | on each other in space, like a double exposure photograph. Of the two images, | | | on each other in space, like a double exposure photograph. Of the two images, |
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| | | "blank " = "blank"·" " = "blank"·blank | | | "blank " = "blank"·" " = "blank"·blank |
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| − | o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o
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| − | 1.3.10.9 The Cactus Language: Syntax (cont.)
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| | A few definitions from formal language theory are required at this point. | | A few definitions from formal language theory are required at this point. |
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| | A "token" is a particular appearance of a sign. | | A "token" is a particular appearance of a sign. |
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| − | o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o
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| − |
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| − | 1.3.10.9 The Cactus Language: Syntax (cont.)
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| | The informal mechanisms that have been illustrated in the immediately preceding | | The informal mechanisms that have been illustrated in the immediately preceding |
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| | in which they denote propositions, considered as indicator functions over | | in which they denote propositions, considered as indicator functions over |
| | some universe, then these operations amount to "propositional connectives". | | some universe, then these operations amount to "propositional connectives". |
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| − | o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o
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| − | 1.3.10.9 The Cactus Language: Syntax (cont.)
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| | Rather than presenting the most concise description of these languages | | Rather than presenting the most concise description of these languages |
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| | constants, whatever sequences of strings z_j may be | | constants, whatever sequences of strings z_j may be |
| | listed as their ostensible arguments. | | listed as their ostensible arguments. |
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| − | 1.3.10.9 The Cactus Language: Syntax (cont.)
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| | Having defined the basic operations of concatenation and surcatenation | | Having defined the basic operations of concatenation and surcatenation |
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| | these complementary forms of analysis and synthesis to articulate the | | these complementary forms of analysis and synthesis to articulate the |
| | structures of strings and sentences in two directions. | | structures of strings and sentences in two directions. |
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| − | o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o
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| − | 1.3.10.9 The Cactus Language: Syntax (cont.)
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| | The "painted cactus language" with paints in the | | The "painted cactus language" with paints in the |
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| | the strings in the disjoint union {"S"} |_| (!Q! |_| !A!)* are known | | the strings in the disjoint union {"S"} |_| (!Q! |_| !A!)* are known |
| | as the "sentential forms" of the associated grammar. | | as the "sentential forms" of the associated grammar. |
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| − | 1.3.10.9 The Cactus Language: Syntax (cont.)
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| | In forming a grammar for a language, statements of the form W :> W', | | In forming a grammar for a language, statements of the form W :> W', |
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| | o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o | | o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o |
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| − | 1.3.10.9 The Cactus Language: Syntax (cont.)
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| | A notation in the style of "S :> T" is now introduced, | | A notation in the style of "S :> T" is now introduced, |
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| | o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o | | o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o |
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| − | 1.3.10.9 The Cactus Language: Syntax (cont.)
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| | Employing the notion of a covering relation it becomes possible to | | Employing the notion of a covering relation it becomes possible to |
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| | how the two features interact with one another, and then I return to address | | how the two features interact with one another, and then I return to address |
| | in further detail the questions that they engender on their individual bases. | | in further detail the questions that they engender on their individual bases. |
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| − | 1.3.10.9 The Cactus Language: Syntax (cont.)
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| | In the process of developing a grammar for a language, it is possible | | In the process of developing a grammar for a language, it is possible |
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| | expression merely to account for and to recount every increment in the parameter | | expression merely to account for and to recount every increment in the parameter |
| | of iteration. | | of iteration. |
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| − | 1.3.10.9 The Cactus Language: Syntax (cont.)
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| | Returning to the case of the cactus language, the process of recognizing an | | Returning to the case of the cactus language, the process of recognizing an |
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| | T = !e! and S = !e! on the covered side of the rule, | | T = !e! and S = !e! on the covered side of the rule, |
| | bears the germinal implication that T :> ",". | | bears the germinal implication that T :> ",". |
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| − | 1.3.10.9 The Cactus Language: Syntax (cont.)
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| | Grammar 2 achieves a portion of its success through a higher degree of | | Grammar 2 achieves a portion of its success through a higher degree of |
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| | significant expressions are taken up for discussion next time. | | significant expressions are taken up for discussion next time. |
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| + | With the distinction between empty and significant expressions in mind, |
| − | | |
| − | 1.3.10.9 The Cactus Language: Syntax (cont.)
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| − | | |
| − | With the distinction between empty and significant expressions in mind, | |
| | I return to the grasp of the cactus language !L! = !C!(!P!) = PARCE(!P!) | | I return to the grasp of the cactus language !L! = !C!(!P!) = PARCE(!P!) |
| | that is afforded by Grammar 2, and, taking that as a point of departure, | | that is afforded by Grammar 2, and, taking that as a point of departure, |
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| | and also to enumerate a larger number of the smallest cases that can | | and also to enumerate a larger number of the smallest cases that can |
| | be observed to fall under each significant type. | | be observed to fall under each significant type. |
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| − | 1.3.10.9 The Cactus Language: Syntax (cont.)
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| | With the array of foregoing considerations in mind, | | With the array of foregoing considerations in mind, |
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| | | is a sentence. | | | is a sentence. |
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| − | 1.3.10.9 The Cactus Language: Syntax (cont.)
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| | It is fitting to wrap up the foregoing developments by summarizing the | | It is fitting to wrap up the foregoing developments by summarizing the |
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| | |'Machines, Languages, and Computation', | | |'Machines, Languages, and Computation', |
| | | Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1978. | | | Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1978. |
| | + | </pre> |
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| + | ==The Cactus Language : Stylistics== |
| − | | |
| − | 1.3.10.10 The Cactus Language: Stylistics
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| | + | <pre> |
| | | As a result, we can hardly conceive of how many possibilities there are | | | As a result, we can hardly conceive of how many possibilities there are |
| | | for what we call objective reality. Our sharp quills of knowledge are so | | | for what we call objective reality. Our sharp quills of knowledge are so |
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| | and whether it can be compounded to cover the complexity that actually exists | | and whether it can be compounded to cover the complexity that actually exists |
| | in the realm of meaning -- these are questions for an extended future inquiry. | | in the realm of meaning -- these are questions for an extended future inquiry. |
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| − | 1.3.10.10 The Cactus Language: Stylistics (cont.)
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| | Perhaps I ought to comment on the differences between the present and | | Perhaps I ought to comment on the differences between the present and |
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| | to permit the initial symbol to characterize, to cover, to regenerate, | | to permit the initial symbol to characterize, to cover, to regenerate, |
| | or to produce itself, if that turns out to be the best way in the end. | | or to produce itself, if that turns out to be the best way in the end. |
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| − | 1.3.10.10 The Cactus Language: Stylistics (cont.)
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| | Before I leave this Subsection, I need to say a few things about | | Before I leave this Subsection, I need to say a few things about |
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| | are demanded by the application and intended by the designer, and not so much the | | are demanded by the application and intended by the designer, and not so much the |
| | peculiar characters of the signs that represent these classes of practical meaning. | | peculiar characters of the signs that represent these classes of practical meaning. |
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| − | 1.3.10.10 The Cactus Language: Stylistics (cont.)
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| | Any description of a language is bound to have alternative descriptions. | | Any description of a language is bound to have alternative descriptions. |
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| | this piece not only fits the type q but even comes to be generated under | | this piece not only fits the type q but even comes to be generated under |
| | the auspices of the non-terminal symbol "q". | | the auspices of the non-terminal symbol "q". |
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| − | 1.3.10.10 The Cactus Language: Stylistics (cont.)
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| | A moment's reflection on the issue of style, giving due consideration to the | | A moment's reflection on the issue of style, giving due consideration to the |
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| | as the simplest and the most primitive in principle, even if they are | | as the simplest and the most primitive in principle, even if they are |
| | scarcely recognized as lying among the more familiar elements of logic. | | scarcely recognized as lying among the more familiar elements of logic. |
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| − | 1.3.10.10 The Cactus Language: Stylistics (cont.)
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| | I am throwing together a wide variety of different operations into each | | I am throwing together a wide variety of different operations into each |
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| | by the indices "<1>" and "<2>" can be recognized as a special case of concatenation, | | by the indices "<1>" and "<2>" can be recognized as a special case of concatenation, |
| | albeit through the posting of editorial remarks from an external "mark-up" language. | | albeit through the posting of editorial remarks from an external "mark-up" language. |
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| − | 1.3.10.10 The Cactus Language: Stylistics (cont.)
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| | In order to systematize the relations that strictures and straits placed | | In order to systematize the relations that strictures and straits placed |
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| | There is a measure of ambiguity that remains in this formulation, | | There is a measure of ambiguity that remains in this formulation, |
| | but it is the best that I can do in the present informal context. | | but it is the best that I can do in the present informal context. |
| | + | </pre> |
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| − | o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o
| + | ==The Cactus Language : Mechanics== |
| − | | |
| − | 1.3.10.11 The Cactus Language: Mechanics
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| | | | |
| | + | <pre> |
| | | We are only now beginning to see how this works. Clearly one of the | | | We are only now beginning to see how this works. Clearly one of the |
| | | mechanisms for picking a reality is the sociohistorical sense of what | | | mechanisms for picking a reality is the sociohistorical sense of what |
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| | = a lobe with the accoutrements C_1, ..., C_k. | | = a lobe with the accoutrements C_1, ..., C_k. |
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| − | 1.3.10.11 The Cactus Language: Mechanics (cont.)
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| | Working from a structural description of the cactus language, | | Working from a structural description of the cactus language, |
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| | In particular, this generally makes it easier to observe the | | In particular, this generally makes it easier to observe the |
| | various properties of its underlying graphical structure. | | various properties of its underlying graphical structure. |
| | + | </pre> |
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| − | o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o
| + | ==The Cactus Language : Semantics== |
| − | | |
| − | 1.3.10.12 The Cactus Language: Semantics
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| | | | |
| | + | <pre> |
| | | Alas, and yet what 'are' you, my written and painted thoughts! | | | Alas, and yet what 'are' you, my written and painted thoughts! |
| | | It is not long ago that you were still so many-coloured, | | | It is not long ago that you were still so many-coloured, |
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| | For the generic case of k > 0, the "bound connective" takes the | | For the generic case of k > 0, the "bound connective" takes the |
| | form "-(S_1, ..., S_k)-". | | form "-(S_1, ..., S_k)-". |
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| − | 1.3.10.12 The Cactus Language: Semantics (cont.)
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| | At this point, there are actually two different "dialects", "scripts", | | At this point, there are actually two different "dialects", "scripts", |
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| | Indeed, the "roughly" can be made "exactly" as soon as the domains of | | Indeed, the "roughly" can be made "exactly" as soon as the domains of |
| | a suitable sign relation are specified precisely. | | a suitable sign relation are specified precisely. |
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| − | 1.3.10.12 The Cactus Language: Semantics (cont.)
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| | A good way to illustrate the action of the conjunction and surjunction | | A good way to illustrate the action of the conjunction and surjunction |
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| | 070. http://suo.ieee.org/ontology/msg03473.html | | 070. http://suo.ieee.org/ontology/msg03473.html |
| | 071. http://suo.ieee.org/ontology/msg03479.html | | 071. http://suo.ieee.org/ontology/msg03479.html |
| | + | </pre> |
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| − | o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o
| + | ==Stretching Exercises== |
| − | | |
| − | 1.3.10.13 Stretching Exercises
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| | | | |
| | + | <pre> |
| | Taking up the preceding arrays of particular connections, namely, | | Taking up the preceding arrays of particular connections, namely, |
| | the boolean functions on two or less variables, it possible to | | the boolean functions on two or less variables, it possible to |
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| | Which was to be shown. | | Which was to be shown. |
| | + | </pre> |
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| − | o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o
| + | ==Document History== |
| − | <pre>
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| − | | |
| − | ===Document History===
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| | | | |
| | <pre> | | <pre> |