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New page: {{DISPLAYTITLE:Libya}}__NOTOC__ <center> == https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/flags/ly-flag.gif Libya == https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbo...
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== https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/flags/ly-flag.gif Libya ==
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{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" border="0" align="center"
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| valign="middle" bgcolor="#cccccc" | '''Introduction'''
| valign="middle" bgcolor="#cccccc" | '''Libya'''
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{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" border="0" align="center"
| <div align="right">Background:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | The Italians supplanted the Ottoman Turks from the area around Tripoli in 1911 and did not relinquish their hold until 1943 when defeated in World War II. '''Libya''' then passed to UN administration and achieved independence in 1951. Following a 1969 military coup, Col. Muammar Abu Minyar al-QADHAFI began to espouse his own political system, the Third Universal Theory. The system is a combination of socialism and Islam derived in part from tribal practices and is supposed to be implemented by the Libyan people themselves in a unique form of "direct democracy." QADHAFI has always seen himself as a revolutionary and visionary leader. He used oil funds during the 1970s and 1980s to promote his ideology outside Libya, supporting subversives and terrorists abroad to hasten the end of Marxism and capitalism. In addition, beginning in 1973, he engaged in military operations in northern Chad's Aozou Strip - to gain access to minerals and to use as a base of influence in Chadian politics - but was forced to retreat in 1987. UN sanctions in 1992 isolated QADHAFI politically following the downing of Pan AM Flight 103 over Lockerbie, Scotland. During the 1990s, QADHAFI began to rebuild his relationships with Europe. UN sanctions were suspended in April 1999 and finally lifted in September 2003 after Libya accepted responsibility for the Lockerbie bombing. In December 2003, Libya announced that it had agreed to reveal and end its programs to develop weapons of mass destruction and to renounce terrorism, and QADHAFI has made significant strides in normalizing relations with western nations since then. He has received various Western European leaders as well as many working-level and commercial delegations, and made his first trip to Western Europe in 15 years when he traveled to Brussels in April 2004. Libya has responded in good faith to legal cases brought against it in US courts for terrorist acts that predate its renunciation of violence. Claims for compensation in the Lockerbie bombing, LaBelle disco bombing, and UTA 772 bombing cases are ongoing. The US rescinded Libya's designation as a state sponsor of terrorism in June 2006. In late 2007, Libya was elected by the General Assembly to a nonpermanent seat on the United Nations Security Council for the 2008-2009 term.
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| valign="middle" bgcolor="#cccccc" | '''Geography'''
| valign="middle" bgcolor="#cccccc" | '''Libya'''
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| <div align="right">Location:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | Northern [[Africa]], bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Egypt and Tunisia
|-
| <div align="right">Geographic coordinates:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 25 00 N, 17 00 E
|-
| <div align="right">Map references:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | Africa
|-
| <div align="right">Area:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''total:'' 1,759,540 sq km <br />''land:'' 1,759,540 sq km <br />''water:'' 0 sq km
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| <div align="right">Area - comparative:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | slightly larger than Alaska
|-
| <div align="right">Land boundaries:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''total:'' 4,348 km <br />''border countries:'' Algeria 982 km, Chad 1,055 km, Egypt 1,115 km, Niger 354 km, Sudan 383 km, Tunisia 459 km
|-
| <div align="right">Coastline:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 1,770 km
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| <div align="right">Maritime claims:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''territorial sea:'' 12 nm <br />''note:'' Gulf of Sidra closing line - 32 degrees, 30 minutes north <br />''exclusive fishing zone:'' 62 nm
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| <div align="right">Climate:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | Mediterranean along coast; dry, extreme desert interior
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| <div align="right">Terrain:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | mostly barren, flat to undulating plains, plateaus, depressions
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| <div align="right">Elevation extremes:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''lowest point:'' Sabkhat Ghuzayyil -47 m <br />''highest point:'' Bikku Bitti 2,267 m
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| <div align="right">Natural resources:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | petroleum, natural gas, gypsum
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| <div align="right">Land use:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''arable land:'' 1.03% <br />''permanent crops:'' 0.19% <br />''other:'' 98.78% (2005)
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| <div align="right">Irrigated land:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 4,700 sq km (2003)
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| <div align="right">Total renewable water resources:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 0.6 cu km (1997)
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| <div align="right">Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''total:'' 4.27 cu km/yr (14%/3%/83%) <br />''per capita:'' 730 cu m/yr (2000)
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| <div align="right">Natural hazards:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | hot, dry, dust-laden ghibli is a southern wind lasting one to four days in spring and fall; dust storms, sandstorms
|-
| <div align="right">Environment - current issues:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | desertification; very limited natural fresh water resources; the Great Manmade River Project, the largest water development scheme in the world, is being built to bring water from large aquifers under the Sahara to coastal cities
|-
| <div align="right">Environment - international agreements:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''party to:'' Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands <br />''signed, but not ratified:'' Law of the Sea
|-
| <div align="right">Geography - note:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | more than 90% of the country is desert or semidesert
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| valign="middle" bgcolor="#cccccc" | '''People'''
| valign="middle" bgcolor="#cccccc" | '''Libya'''
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{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" border="0" align="center"
| <div align="right">Population:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 6,036,914 <br />''note:'' includes 166,510 non-nationals (July 2007 est.)
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| <div align="right">Age structure:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''0-14 years:'' 33.4% (male 1,029,096/female 985,606) <br />''15-64 years:'' 62.4% (male 1,940,287/female 1,827,429) <br />''65 years and over:'' 4.2% (male 124,892/female 129,604) (2007 est.)
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| <div align="right">Median age:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''total:'' 23.3 years <br />''male:'' 23.4 years <br />''female:'' 23.2 years (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Population growth rate:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 2.262% (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Birth rate:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 26.09 births/1,000 population (2007 est.)
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| <div align="right">Death rate:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 3.47 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Net migration rate:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Sex ratio:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''at birth:'' 1.05 male(s)/female <br />''under 15 years:'' 1.044 male(s)/female <br />''15-64 years:'' 1.062 male(s)/female <br />''65 years and over:'' 0.964 male(s)/female <br />''total population:'' 1.052 male(s)/female (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Infant mortality rate:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''total:'' 22.82 deaths/1,000 live births <br />''male:'' 25.07 deaths/1,000 live births <br />''female:'' 20.47 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.)
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| <div align="right">Life expectancy at birth:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''total population:'' 76.88 years <br />''male:'' 74.64 years <br />''female:'' 79.23 years (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Total fertility rate:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 3.21 children born/woman (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 0.3% (2001 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 10,000 (2001 est.)
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| <div align="right">HIV/AIDS - deaths:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | NA
|-
| <div align="right">Nationality:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''noun:'' Libyan(s) <br />''adjective:'' Libyan
|-
| <div align="right">Ethnic groups:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | Berber and Arab 97%, other 3% (includes Greeks, Maltese, Italians, Egyptians, Pakistanis, Turks, Indians, and Tunisians)
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| <div align="right">Religions:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | Sunni Muslim 97%, other 3%
|-
| <div align="right">Languages:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | Arabic, Italian, English, all are widely understood in the major cities
|-
| <div align="right">Literacy:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''definition:'' age 15 and over can read and write <br />''total population:'' 82.6% <br />''male:'' 92.4% <br />''female:'' 72% (2003 est.)
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{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" border="0" align="center"
| valign="middle" bgcolor="#cccccc" | '''Government'''
| valign="middle" bgcolor="#cccccc" | '''Libya'''
|}
{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" border="0" align="center"
| <div align="right">Country name:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''conventional long form:'' Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya <br />''conventional short form:'' Libya <br />''local long form:'' Al Jumahiriyah al Arabiyah al Libiyah ash Shabiyah al Ishtirakiyah al Uzma <br />''local short form:'' none
|-
| <div align="right">Government type:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | Jamahiriya (a state of the masses) in theory, governed by the populace through local councils; in practice, an authoritarian state
|-
| <div align="right">Capital:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''name:'' Tripoli <br />''geographic coordinates:'' 32 53 N, 13 10 E <br />''time difference:'' UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
|-
| <div align="right">Administrative divisions:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 25 municipalities (baladiyat, singular - baladiyah); Ajdabiya, Al 'Aziziyah, Al Fatih, Al Jabal al Akhdar, Al Jufrah, Al Khums, Al Kufrah, An Nuqat al Khams, Ash Shati', Awbari, Az Zawiyah, Banghazi, Darnah, Ghadamis, Gharyan, Misratah, Murzuq, Sabha, Sawfajjin, Surt, Tarabulus, Tarhunah, Tubruq, Yafran, Zlitan; note - the 25 municipalities may have been replaced by 13 regions
|-
| <div align="right">Independence:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 24 December 1951 (from UN trusteeship)
|-
| <div align="right">National holiday:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | Revolution Day, 1 September (1969)
|-
| <div align="right">Constitution:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | none; note - following the September 1969 military overthrow of the Libyan government, the Revolutionary Command Council replaced the existing constitution with the Constitutional Proclamation in December 1969; in March 1977, Libya adopted the Declaration of the Establishment of the People's Authority
|-
| <div align="right">Legal system:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | based on Italian and French civil law systems and Islamic law; separate religious courts; no constitutional provision for judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
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| <div align="right">Suffrage:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 18 years of age; universal and compulsory
|-
| <div align="right">Executive branch:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''chief of state:'' Revolutionary Leader Col. Muammar Abu Minyar al-QADHAFI (since 1 September 1969); note - holds no official title, but is de facto chief of state <br />''head of government:'' Secretary of the General People's Committee (Prime Minister) al-Baghdadi Ali al-MAHMUDI (since 5 March 2006) <br />''cabinet:'' General People's Committee established by the General People's Congress <br />''elections:'' national elections are indirect through a hierarchy of people's committees; head of government elected by the General People's Congress; election last held March 2006 (next to be held NA) <br />''election results:'' NA
|-
| <div align="right">Legislative branch:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | unicameral General People's Congress (approximately 2,700 seats; members elected indirectly through a hierarchy of people's committees)
|-
| <div align="right">Judicial branch:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | Supreme Court
|-
| <div align="right">Political parties and leaders:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | none
|-
| <div align="right">Political pressure groups and leaders:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | various Arab nationalist movements with almost negligible memberships may be functioning clandestinely, as well as some Islamic elements; an anti-QADHAFI Libyan exile movement exists, primarily based in London, but has little influence
|-
| <div align="right">International organization participation:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ABEDA, AfDB, AFESD, AMF, AMU, AU, CAEU, COMESA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, LAS, MIGA, NAM, OAPEC, OIC, OPCW, OPEC, PCA, UN, UN Security Council (temporary), UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)
|-
| <div align="right">Diplomatic representation in the US:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''chief of mission:'' ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Ali Suleiman AUJALI <br />''chancery:'' 2600 Virginia Avenue NW, Suite 705, Washington, DC 20037 <br />''telephone:'' [1] (202) 944-9601 <br />''FAX:'' [1] (202) 944-9060
|-
| <div align="right">Diplomatic representation from the US:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''chief of mission:'' Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires J. Christopher Stevens <br />''embassy:'' Corinthia Bab Africa Hotel, Souq At-Tlat Al-Qadim, Tripoli <br />''mailing address:'' US Embassy, 8850 Tripoli Place, Washington, DC 20521-8850 <br />''telephone:'' [218] 21-335-1848
|-
| <div align="right">Flag description:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | plain green; green is the traditional color of Islam (the state religion)
|}
{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" border="0" align="center"
| valign="middle" bgcolor="#cccccc" | '''Economy'''
| valign="middle" bgcolor="#cccccc" | '''Libya'''
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{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" border="0" align="center"
| <div align="right">Economy - overview:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | The Libyan economy depends primarily upon revenues from the oil sector, which contribute about 95% of export earnings, about one-quarter of GDP, and 60% of public sector wages. Substantial revenues from the energy sector coupled with a small population give Libya one of the highest per capita GDPs in Africa, but little of this income flows down to the lower orders of society. Libyan officials in the past five years have made progress on economic reforms as part of a broader campaign to reintegrate the country into the international fold. This effort picked up steam after UN sanctions were lifted in September 2003 and as Libya announced in December 2003 that it would abandon programs to build weapons of mass destruction. Almost all US unilateral sanctions against Libya were removed in April 2004, helping Libya attract more foreign direct investment, mostly in the energy sector. Libyan oil and gas licensing rounds continue to draw high international interest; the National Oil Company set a goal of nearly doubling oil production to 3 million bbl/day by 2015. Libya faces a long road ahead in liberalizing the socialist-oriented economy, but initial steps - including applying for WTO membership, reducing some subsidies, and announcing plans for privatization - are laying the groundwork for a transition to a more market-based economy. The non-oil manufacturing and construction sectors, which account for more than 20% of GDP, have expanded from processing mostly agricultural products to include the production of petrochemicals, iron, steel, and aluminum. Climatic conditions and poor soils severely limit agricultural output, and Libya imports about 75% of its food. Libya's primary agricultural water source remains the Great Manmade River Project, but significant resources are being invested in desalinization research to meet growing water demands.
|-
| <div align="right">GDP (purchasing power parity):</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | $78.79 billion (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">GDP (official exchange rate):</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | $66.01 billion (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">GDP - real growth rate:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 5.4% (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">GDP - per capita (PPP):</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | $13,100 (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">GDP - composition by sector:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''agriculture:'' 2.1% <br />''industry:'' 81.7% <br />''services:'' 16.2% (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Labor force:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 1.82 million (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Labor force - by occupation:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''agriculture:'' 17% <br />''industry:'' 23% <br />''services:'' 59% (2004 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Unemployment rate:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 30% (2004 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Population below poverty line:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 7.4% (2005 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Household income or consumption by percentage share:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''lowest 10%:'' NA% <br />''highest 10%:'' NA%
|-
| <div align="right">Inflation rate (consumer prices):</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 3.3% (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Investment (gross fixed):</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 8.8% of GDP (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Budget:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''revenues:'' $39.62 billion <br />''expenditures:'' $19.51 billion (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Public debt:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 4.8% of GDP (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Agriculture - products:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | wheat, barley, olives, dates, citrus, vegetables, peanuts, soybeans; cattle
|-
| <div align="right">Industries:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | petroleum, iron and steel, food processing, textiles, handicrafts, cement
|-
| <div align="right">Industrial production growth rate:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 5.6% (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Electricity - production:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 21.15 billion kWh (2005)
|-
| <div align="right">Electricity - production by source:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''fossil fuel:'' 100% <br />''hydro:'' 0% <br />''nuclear:'' 0% <br />''other:'' 0% (2001)
|-
| <div align="right">Electricity - consumption:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 18.18 billion kWh (2005)
|-
| <div align="right">Electricity - exports:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 0 kWh (2005)
|-
| <div align="right">Electricity - imports:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 0 kWh (2005)
|-
| <div align="right">Oil - production:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 1.72 million bbl/day (2006 est.)
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| <div align="right">Oil - consumption:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 266,000 bbl/day (2005 est.)
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| <div align="right">Oil - exports:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 1.326 million bbl/day (2004)
|-
| <div align="right">Oil - imports:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 1,233 bbl/day (2004)
|-
| <div align="right">Oil - proved reserves:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 39.13 billion bbl (1 January 2006 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Natural gas - production:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 10.84 billion cu m (2005 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Natural gas - consumption:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 5.591 billion cu m (2005 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Natural gas - exports:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 5.246 billion cu m (2005 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Natural gas - imports:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 0 cu m (2005)
|-
| <div align="right">Natural gas - proved reserves:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 1.43 trillion cu m (1 January 2006 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Current account balance:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | $11.71 billion (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Exports:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | $36.37 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Exports - commodities:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | crude oil, refined petroleum products, natural gas, chemicals
|-
| <div align="right">Exports - partners:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | Italy 36.7%, Germany 14.3%, Spain 8.7%, US 6.1%, France 5.6%, Turkey 5.3% (2006)
|-
| <div align="right">Imports:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | $15.35 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Imports - commodities:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | machinery, semi-finished goods, food, transport equipment, consumer products
|-
| <div align="right">Imports - partners:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | Italy 18.9%, Germany 7.9%, China 7.5%, Tunisia 6.3%, France 5.8%, Turkey 5.2%, US 4.7%, South Korea 4.3%, UK 4% (2006)
|-
| <div align="right">Economic aid - recipient:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ODA, $24.44 million (2005 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | $69.51 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Debt - external:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | $4.837 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | $4.305 billion (2006 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | $2.163 billion (2006 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Market value of publicly traded shares:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | $NA
|-
| <div align="right">Currency (code):</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | Libyan dinar (LYD)
|-
| <div align="right">Currency code:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | LYD
|-
| <div align="right">Exchange rates:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | Libyan dinars per US dollar - 1.2604 (2007), 1.3108 (2006), 1.3084 (2005), 1.305 (2004), 1.2929 (2003)
|-
| <div align="right">Fiscal year:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | calendar year
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| valign="middle" bgcolor="#cccccc" | '''Communications'''
| valign="middle" bgcolor="#cccccc" | '''Libya'''
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| <div align="right">Telephones - main lines in use:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 483,000 (2006)
|-
| <div align="right">Telephones - mobile cellular:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 3.928 million (2006)
|-
| <div align="right">Telephone system:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''general assessment:'' telecommunications system is being modernized; mobile cellular telephone system became operational in 1996; combined fixed line and mobile telephone density reached 75 telephones per 100 persons in 2006 <br />''domestic:'' microwave radio relay, coaxial cable, cellular, tropospheric scatter, and a domestic satellite system with 14 earth stations <br />''international:'' country code - 218; satellite earth stations - 4 Intelsat, NA Arabsat, and NA Intersputnik; submarine cables to France and Italy; microwave radio relay to Tunisia and Egypt; tropospheric scatter to Greece; participant in Medarabtel (1999)
|-
| <div align="right">Radio broadcast stations:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | AM 16, FM 3, shortwave 3 (2001)
|-
| <div align="right">Radios:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 1.35 million (1997)
|-
| <div align="right">Television broadcast stations:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 12 (plus 1 repeater) (1999)
|-
| <div align="right">Televisions:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 730,000 (1997)
|-
| <div align="right">Internet country code:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | .ly
|-
| <div align="right">Internet hosts:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 24 (2007)
|-
| <div align="right">Internet Service Providers (ISPs):</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 1 (2002)
|-
| <div align="right">Internet users:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 232,000 (2005)
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| valign="middle" bgcolor="#cccccc" | '''Transportation'''
| valign="middle" bgcolor="#cccccc" | '''Libya'''
|}
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| <div align="right">Airports:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 141 (2007)
|-
| <div align="right">Airports - with paved runways:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''total:'' 60 <br />''over 3,047 m:'' 23 <br />''2,438 to 3,047 m:'' 6 <br />''1,524 to 2,437 m:'' 23 <br />''914 to 1,523 m:'' 6 <br />''under 914 m:'' 2 (2007)
|-
| <div align="right">Airports - with unpaved runways:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''total:'' 81 <br />''over 3,047 m:'' 5 <br />''2,438 to 3,047 m:'' 2 <br />''1,524 to 2,437 m:'' 15 <br />''914 to 1,523 m:'' 41 <br />''under 914 m:'' 18 (2007)
|-
| <div align="right">Heliports:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 2 (2007)
|-
| <div align="right">Pipelines:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | condensate 882 km; gas 3,425 km; oil 6,956 km (2007)
|-
| <div align="right">Railways:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 0 km <br />''note:'' Libya has announced plans to build seven lines totaling 2,757 km of 1.435-m gauge track (2006)
|-
| <div align="right">Roadways:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''total:'' 83,200 km <br />''paved:'' 47,590 km <br />''unpaved:'' 35,610 km (1999)
|-
| <div align="right">Merchant marine:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''total:'' 17 ships (1000 GRT or over) 67,200 GRT/85,931 DWT <br />''by type:'' cargo 11, liquefied gas 3, petroleum tanker 2, roll on/roll off 1 <br />''foreign-owned:'' 3 (Kuwait 1, Norway 1, Syria 1) <br />''registered in other countries:'' 4 (Malta 3, Tunisia 1) (2007)
|-
| <div align="right">Ports and terminals:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | As Sidrah, Az Zuwaytinah, Marsa al Burayqah, Ra's Lanuf, Tripoli, Zawiyah
|}
{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" border="0" align="center"
| valign="middle" bgcolor="#cccccc" | '''Military'''
| valign="middle" bgcolor="#cccccc" | '''Libya'''
|}
{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" border="0" align="center"
| <div align="right">Military branches:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | Armed Peoples on Duty (APOD, Army), Libyan Arab Navy, Libyan Arab Air Force (Al-Quwwat al-Jawwiya al-Jamahiriya al-Arabia al-Libyya, LAAF) (2008)
|-
| <div align="right">Military service age and obligation:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 17 years of age (2004)
|-
| <div align="right">Manpower available for military service:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''males age 17-49:'' 1,505,675 <br />''females age 17-49:'' 1,429,152 (2005 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Manpower fit for military service:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''males age 17-49:'' 1,291,624 <br />''females age 17-49:'' 1,230,824 (2005 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Manpower reaching military service age annually:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''males age 18-49:'' 62,034 <br />''females age 17-49:'' 59,533 (2005 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Military expenditures - percent of GDP:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 3.9% (2005 est.)
|}
{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" border="0" align="center"
| valign="middle" bgcolor="#cccccc" | '''Transnational Issues'''
| valign="middle" bgcolor="#cccccc" | '''Libya'''
|}
{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" border="0" align="center"
|-
| <div align="right">Disputes - international:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | Libya has claimed more than 32,000 sq km in southeastern Algeria and about 25,000 sq km in the Tommo region of Niger in a currently dormant dispute; various Chadian rebels from the Aozou region reside in southern Libya
|-
| <div align="right">Refugees and internally displaced persons:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''refugees (country of origin):'' 8,873 (Palestinian Territories) (2006)
|-
| <div align="right">Trafficking in persons:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''current situation:'' Libya is a transit and destination country for men, women, and children from sub-Saharan Africa and Asia trafficked for forced labor and sexual exploitation; many victims willingly migrate to Libya en route to Europe with the help of smugglers, but may be forced into prostitution or work as laborers and beggars to pay off their $800-$1,200 smuggling debt; laborers from Egypt, Sudan, and Ethiopia are reportedly trafficked to Libya for the purpose of labor exploitation <br />''tier rating:'' Tier 2 Watch List - Libya is placed on the Tier 2 Watch List for its lack of evidence of increasing efforts to address trafficking since 2004
|}
[[Category:Country]]
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== https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/flags/ly-flag.gif Libya ==
https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/maps/ly-map.gif
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{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" border="0" align="center"
|-
| valign="middle" bgcolor="#cccccc" | '''Introduction'''
| valign="middle" bgcolor="#cccccc" | '''Libya'''
|}
{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" border="0" align="center"
| <div align="right">Background:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | The Italians supplanted the Ottoman Turks from the area around Tripoli in 1911 and did not relinquish their hold until 1943 when defeated in World War II. '''Libya''' then passed to UN administration and achieved independence in 1951. Following a 1969 military coup, Col. Muammar Abu Minyar al-QADHAFI began to espouse his own political system, the Third Universal Theory. The system is a combination of socialism and Islam derived in part from tribal practices and is supposed to be implemented by the Libyan people themselves in a unique form of "direct democracy." QADHAFI has always seen himself as a revolutionary and visionary leader. He used oil funds during the 1970s and 1980s to promote his ideology outside Libya, supporting subversives and terrorists abroad to hasten the end of Marxism and capitalism. In addition, beginning in 1973, he engaged in military operations in northern Chad's Aozou Strip - to gain access to minerals and to use as a base of influence in Chadian politics - but was forced to retreat in 1987. UN sanctions in 1992 isolated QADHAFI politically following the downing of Pan AM Flight 103 over Lockerbie, Scotland. During the 1990s, QADHAFI began to rebuild his relationships with Europe. UN sanctions were suspended in April 1999 and finally lifted in September 2003 after Libya accepted responsibility for the Lockerbie bombing. In December 2003, Libya announced that it had agreed to reveal and end its programs to develop weapons of mass destruction and to renounce terrorism, and QADHAFI has made significant strides in normalizing relations with western nations since then. He has received various Western European leaders as well as many working-level and commercial delegations, and made his first trip to Western Europe in 15 years when he traveled to Brussels in April 2004. Libya has responded in good faith to legal cases brought against it in US courts for terrorist acts that predate its renunciation of violence. Claims for compensation in the Lockerbie bombing, LaBelle disco bombing, and UTA 772 bombing cases are ongoing. The US rescinded Libya's designation as a state sponsor of terrorism in June 2006. In late 2007, Libya was elected by the General Assembly to a nonpermanent seat on the United Nations Security Council for the 2008-2009 term.
|}
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{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" border="0" align="center"
| valign="middle" bgcolor="#cccccc" | '''Geography'''
| valign="middle" bgcolor="#cccccc" | '''Libya'''
|}
{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" border="0" align="center"
| <div align="right">Location:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | Northern [[Africa]], bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Egypt and Tunisia
|-
| <div align="right">Geographic coordinates:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 25 00 N, 17 00 E
|-
| <div align="right">Map references:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | Africa
|-
| <div align="right">Area:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''total:'' 1,759,540 sq km <br />''land:'' 1,759,540 sq km <br />''water:'' 0 sq km
|-
| <div align="right">Area - comparative:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | slightly larger than Alaska
|-
| <div align="right">Land boundaries:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''total:'' 4,348 km <br />''border countries:'' Algeria 982 km, Chad 1,055 km, Egypt 1,115 km, Niger 354 km, Sudan 383 km, Tunisia 459 km
|-
| <div align="right">Coastline:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 1,770 km
|-
| <div align="right">Maritime claims:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''territorial sea:'' 12 nm <br />''note:'' Gulf of Sidra closing line - 32 degrees, 30 minutes north <br />''exclusive fishing zone:'' 62 nm
|-
| <div align="right">Climate:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | Mediterranean along coast; dry, extreme desert interior
|-
| <div align="right">Terrain:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | mostly barren, flat to undulating plains, plateaus, depressions
|-
| <div align="right">Elevation extremes:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''lowest point:'' Sabkhat Ghuzayyil -47 m <br />''highest point:'' Bikku Bitti 2,267 m
|-
| <div align="right">Natural resources:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | petroleum, natural gas, gypsum
|-
| <div align="right">Land use:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''arable land:'' 1.03% <br />''permanent crops:'' 0.19% <br />''other:'' 98.78% (2005)
|-
| <div align="right">Irrigated land:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 4,700 sq km (2003)
|-
| <div align="right">Total renewable water resources:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 0.6 cu km (1997)
|-
| <div align="right">Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''total:'' 4.27 cu km/yr (14%/3%/83%) <br />''per capita:'' 730 cu m/yr (2000)
|-
| <div align="right">Natural hazards:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | hot, dry, dust-laden ghibli is a southern wind lasting one to four days in spring and fall; dust storms, sandstorms
|-
| <div align="right">Environment - current issues:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | desertification; very limited natural fresh water resources; the Great Manmade River Project, the largest water development scheme in the world, is being built to bring water from large aquifers under the Sahara to coastal cities
|-
| <div align="right">Environment - international agreements:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''party to:'' Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands <br />''signed, but not ratified:'' Law of the Sea
|-
| <div align="right">Geography - note:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | more than 90% of the country is desert or semidesert
|}
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{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" border="0" align="center"
| valign="middle" bgcolor="#cccccc" | '''People'''
| valign="middle" bgcolor="#cccccc" | '''Libya'''
|}
{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" border="0" align="center"
| <div align="right">Population:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 6,036,914 <br />''note:'' includes 166,510 non-nationals (July 2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Age structure:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''0-14 years:'' 33.4% (male 1,029,096/female 985,606) <br />''15-64 years:'' 62.4% (male 1,940,287/female 1,827,429) <br />''65 years and over:'' 4.2% (male 124,892/female 129,604) (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Median age:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''total:'' 23.3 years <br />''male:'' 23.4 years <br />''female:'' 23.2 years (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Population growth rate:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 2.262% (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Birth rate:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 26.09 births/1,000 population (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Death rate:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 3.47 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Net migration rate:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Sex ratio:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''at birth:'' 1.05 male(s)/female <br />''under 15 years:'' 1.044 male(s)/female <br />''15-64 years:'' 1.062 male(s)/female <br />''65 years and over:'' 0.964 male(s)/female <br />''total population:'' 1.052 male(s)/female (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Infant mortality rate:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''total:'' 22.82 deaths/1,000 live births <br />''male:'' 25.07 deaths/1,000 live births <br />''female:'' 20.47 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Life expectancy at birth:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''total population:'' 76.88 years <br />''male:'' 74.64 years <br />''female:'' 79.23 years (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Total fertility rate:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 3.21 children born/woman (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 0.3% (2001 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 10,000 (2001 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">HIV/AIDS - deaths:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | NA
|-
| <div align="right">Nationality:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''noun:'' Libyan(s) <br />''adjective:'' Libyan
|-
| <div align="right">Ethnic groups:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | Berber and Arab 97%, other 3% (includes Greeks, Maltese, Italians, Egyptians, Pakistanis, Turks, Indians, and Tunisians)
|-
| <div align="right">Religions:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | Sunni Muslim 97%, other 3%
|-
| <div align="right">Languages:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | Arabic, Italian, English, all are widely understood in the major cities
|-
| <div align="right">Literacy:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''definition:'' age 15 and over can read and write <br />''total population:'' 82.6% <br />''male:'' 92.4% <br />''female:'' 72% (2003 est.)
|}
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{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" border="0" align="center"
| valign="middle" bgcolor="#cccccc" | '''Government'''
| valign="middle" bgcolor="#cccccc" | '''Libya'''
|}
{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" border="0" align="center"
| <div align="right">Country name:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''conventional long form:'' Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya <br />''conventional short form:'' Libya <br />''local long form:'' Al Jumahiriyah al Arabiyah al Libiyah ash Shabiyah al Ishtirakiyah al Uzma <br />''local short form:'' none
|-
| <div align="right">Government type:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | Jamahiriya (a state of the masses) in theory, governed by the populace through local councils; in practice, an authoritarian state
|-
| <div align="right">Capital:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''name:'' Tripoli <br />''geographic coordinates:'' 32 53 N, 13 10 E <br />''time difference:'' UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
|-
| <div align="right">Administrative divisions:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 25 municipalities (baladiyat, singular - baladiyah); Ajdabiya, Al 'Aziziyah, Al Fatih, Al Jabal al Akhdar, Al Jufrah, Al Khums, Al Kufrah, An Nuqat al Khams, Ash Shati', Awbari, Az Zawiyah, Banghazi, Darnah, Ghadamis, Gharyan, Misratah, Murzuq, Sabha, Sawfajjin, Surt, Tarabulus, Tarhunah, Tubruq, Yafran, Zlitan; note - the 25 municipalities may have been replaced by 13 regions
|-
| <div align="right">Independence:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 24 December 1951 (from UN trusteeship)
|-
| <div align="right">National holiday:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | Revolution Day, 1 September (1969)
|-
| <div align="right">Constitution:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | none; note - following the September 1969 military overthrow of the Libyan government, the Revolutionary Command Council replaced the existing constitution with the Constitutional Proclamation in December 1969; in March 1977, Libya adopted the Declaration of the Establishment of the People's Authority
|-
| <div align="right">Legal system:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | based on Italian and French civil law systems and Islamic law; separate religious courts; no constitutional provision for judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
|-
| <div align="right">Suffrage:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 18 years of age; universal and compulsory
|-
| <div align="right">Executive branch:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''chief of state:'' Revolutionary Leader Col. Muammar Abu Minyar al-QADHAFI (since 1 September 1969); note - holds no official title, but is de facto chief of state <br />''head of government:'' Secretary of the General People's Committee (Prime Minister) al-Baghdadi Ali al-MAHMUDI (since 5 March 2006) <br />''cabinet:'' General People's Committee established by the General People's Congress <br />''elections:'' national elections are indirect through a hierarchy of people's committees; head of government elected by the General People's Congress; election last held March 2006 (next to be held NA) <br />''election results:'' NA
|-
| <div align="right">Legislative branch:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | unicameral General People's Congress (approximately 2,700 seats; members elected indirectly through a hierarchy of people's committees)
|-
| <div align="right">Judicial branch:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | Supreme Court
|-
| <div align="right">Political parties and leaders:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | none
|-
| <div align="right">Political pressure groups and leaders:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | various Arab nationalist movements with almost negligible memberships may be functioning clandestinely, as well as some Islamic elements; an anti-QADHAFI Libyan exile movement exists, primarily based in London, but has little influence
|-
| <div align="right">International organization participation:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ABEDA, AfDB, AFESD, AMF, AMU, AU, CAEU, COMESA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, LAS, MIGA, NAM, OAPEC, OIC, OPCW, OPEC, PCA, UN, UN Security Council (temporary), UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)
|-
| <div align="right">Diplomatic representation in the US:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''chief of mission:'' ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Ali Suleiman AUJALI <br />''chancery:'' 2600 Virginia Avenue NW, Suite 705, Washington, DC 20037 <br />''telephone:'' [1] (202) 944-9601 <br />''FAX:'' [1] (202) 944-9060
|-
| <div align="right">Diplomatic representation from the US:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''chief of mission:'' Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires J. Christopher Stevens <br />''embassy:'' Corinthia Bab Africa Hotel, Souq At-Tlat Al-Qadim, Tripoli <br />''mailing address:'' US Embassy, 8850 Tripoli Place, Washington, DC 20521-8850 <br />''telephone:'' [218] 21-335-1848
|-
| <div align="right">Flag description:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | plain green; green is the traditional color of Islam (the state religion)
|}
{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" border="0" align="center"
| valign="middle" bgcolor="#cccccc" | '''Economy'''
| valign="middle" bgcolor="#cccccc" | '''Libya'''
|}
{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" border="0" align="center"
| <div align="right">Economy - overview:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | The Libyan economy depends primarily upon revenues from the oil sector, which contribute about 95% of export earnings, about one-quarter of GDP, and 60% of public sector wages. Substantial revenues from the energy sector coupled with a small population give Libya one of the highest per capita GDPs in Africa, but little of this income flows down to the lower orders of society. Libyan officials in the past five years have made progress on economic reforms as part of a broader campaign to reintegrate the country into the international fold. This effort picked up steam after UN sanctions were lifted in September 2003 and as Libya announced in December 2003 that it would abandon programs to build weapons of mass destruction. Almost all US unilateral sanctions against Libya were removed in April 2004, helping Libya attract more foreign direct investment, mostly in the energy sector. Libyan oil and gas licensing rounds continue to draw high international interest; the National Oil Company set a goal of nearly doubling oil production to 3 million bbl/day by 2015. Libya faces a long road ahead in liberalizing the socialist-oriented economy, but initial steps - including applying for WTO membership, reducing some subsidies, and announcing plans for privatization - are laying the groundwork for a transition to a more market-based economy. The non-oil manufacturing and construction sectors, which account for more than 20% of GDP, have expanded from processing mostly agricultural products to include the production of petrochemicals, iron, steel, and aluminum. Climatic conditions and poor soils severely limit agricultural output, and Libya imports about 75% of its food. Libya's primary agricultural water source remains the Great Manmade River Project, but significant resources are being invested in desalinization research to meet growing water demands.
|-
| <div align="right">GDP (purchasing power parity):</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | $78.79 billion (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">GDP (official exchange rate):</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | $66.01 billion (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">GDP - real growth rate:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 5.4% (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">GDP - per capita (PPP):</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | $13,100 (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">GDP - composition by sector:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''agriculture:'' 2.1% <br />''industry:'' 81.7% <br />''services:'' 16.2% (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Labor force:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 1.82 million (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Labor force - by occupation:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''agriculture:'' 17% <br />''industry:'' 23% <br />''services:'' 59% (2004 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Unemployment rate:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 30% (2004 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Population below poverty line:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 7.4% (2005 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Household income or consumption by percentage share:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''lowest 10%:'' NA% <br />''highest 10%:'' NA%
|-
| <div align="right">Inflation rate (consumer prices):</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 3.3% (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Investment (gross fixed):</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 8.8% of GDP (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Budget:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''revenues:'' $39.62 billion <br />''expenditures:'' $19.51 billion (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Public debt:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 4.8% of GDP (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Agriculture - products:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | wheat, barley, olives, dates, citrus, vegetables, peanuts, soybeans; cattle
|-
| <div align="right">Industries:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | petroleum, iron and steel, food processing, textiles, handicrafts, cement
|-
| <div align="right">Industrial production growth rate:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 5.6% (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Electricity - production:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 21.15 billion kWh (2005)
|-
| <div align="right">Electricity - production by source:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''fossil fuel:'' 100% <br />''hydro:'' 0% <br />''nuclear:'' 0% <br />''other:'' 0% (2001)
|-
| <div align="right">Electricity - consumption:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 18.18 billion kWh (2005)
|-
| <div align="right">Electricity - exports:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 0 kWh (2005)
|-
| <div align="right">Electricity - imports:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 0 kWh (2005)
|-
| <div align="right">Oil - production:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 1.72 million bbl/day (2006 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Oil - consumption:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 266,000 bbl/day (2005 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Oil - exports:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 1.326 million bbl/day (2004)
|-
| <div align="right">Oil - imports:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 1,233 bbl/day (2004)
|-
| <div align="right">Oil - proved reserves:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 39.13 billion bbl (1 January 2006 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Natural gas - production:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 10.84 billion cu m (2005 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Natural gas - consumption:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 5.591 billion cu m (2005 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Natural gas - exports:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 5.246 billion cu m (2005 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Natural gas - imports:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 0 cu m (2005)
|-
| <div align="right">Natural gas - proved reserves:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 1.43 trillion cu m (1 January 2006 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Current account balance:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | $11.71 billion (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Exports:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | $36.37 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Exports - commodities:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | crude oil, refined petroleum products, natural gas, chemicals
|-
| <div align="right">Exports - partners:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | Italy 36.7%, Germany 14.3%, Spain 8.7%, US 6.1%, France 5.6%, Turkey 5.3% (2006)
|-
| <div align="right">Imports:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | $15.35 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Imports - commodities:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | machinery, semi-finished goods, food, transport equipment, consumer products
|-
| <div align="right">Imports - partners:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | Italy 18.9%, Germany 7.9%, China 7.5%, Tunisia 6.3%, France 5.8%, Turkey 5.2%, US 4.7%, South Korea 4.3%, UK 4% (2006)
|-
| <div align="right">Economic aid - recipient:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ODA, $24.44 million (2005 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | $69.51 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Debt - external:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | $4.837 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | $4.305 billion (2006 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | $2.163 billion (2006 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Market value of publicly traded shares:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | $NA
|-
| <div align="right">Currency (code):</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | Libyan dinar (LYD)
|-
| <div align="right">Currency code:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | LYD
|-
| <div align="right">Exchange rates:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | Libyan dinars per US dollar - 1.2604 (2007), 1.3108 (2006), 1.3084 (2005), 1.305 (2004), 1.2929 (2003)
|-
| <div align="right">Fiscal year:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | calendar year
|}
{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" border="0" align="center"
| valign="middle" bgcolor="#cccccc" | '''Communications'''
| valign="middle" bgcolor="#cccccc" | '''Libya'''
|}
{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" border="0" align="center"
| <div align="right">Telephones - main lines in use:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 483,000 (2006)
|-
| <div align="right">Telephones - mobile cellular:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 3.928 million (2006)
|-
| <div align="right">Telephone system:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''general assessment:'' telecommunications system is being modernized; mobile cellular telephone system became operational in 1996; combined fixed line and mobile telephone density reached 75 telephones per 100 persons in 2006 <br />''domestic:'' microwave radio relay, coaxial cable, cellular, tropospheric scatter, and a domestic satellite system with 14 earth stations <br />''international:'' country code - 218; satellite earth stations - 4 Intelsat, NA Arabsat, and NA Intersputnik; submarine cables to France and Italy; microwave radio relay to Tunisia and Egypt; tropospheric scatter to Greece; participant in Medarabtel (1999)
|-
| <div align="right">Radio broadcast stations:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | AM 16, FM 3, shortwave 3 (2001)
|-
| <div align="right">Radios:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 1.35 million (1997)
|-
| <div align="right">Television broadcast stations:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 12 (plus 1 repeater) (1999)
|-
| <div align="right">Televisions:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 730,000 (1997)
|-
| <div align="right">Internet country code:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | .ly
|-
| <div align="right">Internet hosts:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 24 (2007)
|-
| <div align="right">Internet Service Providers (ISPs):</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 1 (2002)
|-
| <div align="right">Internet users:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 232,000 (2005)
|}
{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" border="0" align="center"
| valign="middle" bgcolor="#cccccc" | '''Transportation'''
| valign="middle" bgcolor="#cccccc" | '''Libya'''
|}
{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" border="0" align="center"
| <div align="right">Airports:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 141 (2007)
|-
| <div align="right">Airports - with paved runways:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''total:'' 60 <br />''over 3,047 m:'' 23 <br />''2,438 to 3,047 m:'' 6 <br />''1,524 to 2,437 m:'' 23 <br />''914 to 1,523 m:'' 6 <br />''under 914 m:'' 2 (2007)
|-
| <div align="right">Airports - with unpaved runways:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''total:'' 81 <br />''over 3,047 m:'' 5 <br />''2,438 to 3,047 m:'' 2 <br />''1,524 to 2,437 m:'' 15 <br />''914 to 1,523 m:'' 41 <br />''under 914 m:'' 18 (2007)
|-
| <div align="right">Heliports:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 2 (2007)
|-
| <div align="right">Pipelines:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | condensate 882 km; gas 3,425 km; oil 6,956 km (2007)
|-
| <div align="right">Railways:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 0 km <br />''note:'' Libya has announced plans to build seven lines totaling 2,757 km of 1.435-m gauge track (2006)
|-
| <div align="right">Roadways:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''total:'' 83,200 km <br />''paved:'' 47,590 km <br />''unpaved:'' 35,610 km (1999)
|-
| <div align="right">Merchant marine:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''total:'' 17 ships (1000 GRT or over) 67,200 GRT/85,931 DWT <br />''by type:'' cargo 11, liquefied gas 3, petroleum tanker 2, roll on/roll off 1 <br />''foreign-owned:'' 3 (Kuwait 1, Norway 1, Syria 1) <br />''registered in other countries:'' 4 (Malta 3, Tunisia 1) (2007)
|-
| <div align="right">Ports and terminals:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | As Sidrah, Az Zuwaytinah, Marsa al Burayqah, Ra's Lanuf, Tripoli, Zawiyah
|}
{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" border="0" align="center"
| valign="middle" bgcolor="#cccccc" | '''Military'''
| valign="middle" bgcolor="#cccccc" | '''Libya'''
|}
{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" border="0" align="center"
| <div align="right">Military branches:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | Armed Peoples on Duty (APOD, Army), Libyan Arab Navy, Libyan Arab Air Force (Al-Quwwat al-Jawwiya al-Jamahiriya al-Arabia al-Libyya, LAAF) (2008)
|-
| <div align="right">Military service age and obligation:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 17 years of age (2004)
|-
| <div align="right">Manpower available for military service:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''males age 17-49:'' 1,505,675 <br />''females age 17-49:'' 1,429,152 (2005 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Manpower fit for military service:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''males age 17-49:'' 1,291,624 <br />''females age 17-49:'' 1,230,824 (2005 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Manpower reaching military service age annually:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''males age 18-49:'' 62,034 <br />''females age 17-49:'' 59,533 (2005 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Military expenditures - percent of GDP:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 3.9% (2005 est.)
|}
{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" border="0" align="center"
| valign="middle" bgcolor="#cccccc" | '''Transnational Issues'''
| valign="middle" bgcolor="#cccccc" | '''Libya'''
|}
{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" border="0" align="center"
|-
| <div align="right">Disputes - international:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | Libya has claimed more than 32,000 sq km in southeastern Algeria and about 25,000 sq km in the Tommo region of Niger in a currently dormant dispute; various Chadian rebels from the Aozou region reside in southern Libya
|-
| <div align="right">Refugees and internally displaced persons:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''refugees (country of origin):'' 8,873 (Palestinian Territories) (2006)
|-
| <div align="right">Trafficking in persons:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''current situation:'' Libya is a transit and destination country for men, women, and children from sub-Saharan Africa and Asia trafficked for forced labor and sexual exploitation; many victims willingly migrate to Libya en route to Europe with the help of smugglers, but may be forced into prostitution or work as laborers and beggars to pay off their $800-$1,200 smuggling debt; laborers from Egypt, Sudan, and Ethiopia are reportedly trafficked to Libya for the purpose of labor exploitation <br />''tier rating:'' Tier 2 Watch List - Libya is placed on the Tier 2 Watch List for its lack of evidence of increasing efforts to address trafficking since 2004
|}
[[Category:Country]]