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This ''article'' is about '''Titoism''', the former '''Yugoslavia''' and its relationship with '''Totalitarianism'''. Titoism and Totalitarianism <ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=qMTpikvGSGkC&pg=PA435&dq=Titoism+Totalitarianism&hl=en&ei=gA3mS9rXM8yIkAX9_PTqDw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=10&ved=0CFYQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=Titoism%20Totalitarianism&f=false Dictionary Of Pol. Science] by Yadav, Nanda & T.R</ref> are political ideologies that dominated the history of Communist Yugoslavia.<ref>[http://~~bookzz~~.org/~~book~~/~~1180308~~/~~f1aefd~~ '''European Public Hearing''' on “Crimes Committed by Totalitarian Regimes"] Reports and proceedings of the 8 April European public hearing on “Crimes committed

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This ''article'' is about '''Titoism''', the former '''Yugoslavia''' and its relationship with '''Totalitarianism'''. Titoism and Totalitarianism <ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=qMTpikvGSGkC&pg=PA435&dq=Titoism+Totalitarianism&hl=en&ei=gA3mS9rXM8yIkAX9_PTqDw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=10&ved=0CFYQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=Titoism%20Totalitarianism&f=false Dictionary Of Pol. Science] by Yadav, Nanda & T.R</ref> are political ideologies that dominated the history of Communist Yugoslavia.<ref>[http://www.ideadestra.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Crimes_committed_by_Totalitarian_Regimes-SLOVENIA.pdf '''European Public Hearing''' on “Crimes Committed by Totalitarian Regimes"] Reports and proceedings of the 8 April European public hearing on “Crimes committed

by totalitarian regimes”, organised by the Slovenian Presidency of the Council of the European Union (January–June 2008) and the '''European Commission'''. (p.197)</ref><ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=4t5gBayTeDQC&pg=PA214&dq=Yugoslavia+Totalitarian+state&hl=en&ei=CJ_eS7HuF8uLkAXJxd3PBw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=9&ved=0CFYQ6AEwCDgU#v=onepage&q=Yugoslavia%20Totalitarian%20state&f=false Titoism in Action: The Reforms in Yugoslavia After 1948] ''by'' Fred Warner Neal. Second chapter (p214)

*"In a totalitarian state, personal freedom and human rights invariably most at the hands of unrestrianed police activity. That Yugoslavia was no exception was admitted by [[Directory:Bleiburg Massacre Wikipedia#Aleksandar Rankovic|Aleksandar Rankovic]], himself head of secret police or State Security Administration. This organization is known in Yugoslavia as UDBA."</ref><ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=EKI6PwAACAAJ&dq=Titoism+Yugoslavia's+Bloody+Collapse:+Causes,+Course+and+Consequences+Christopher+Bennett&hl=en&sa=X&ei=l4MWVPDwIsW48gWy_YCAAw&ved=0CCYQ6AEwBA Yugoslavia's Bloody Collapse:] Causes, Course and Consequences by '''Christopher Bennett'''. (p56)

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*“ Stal''in, Mao, Castro, Ho Chi Minh, Kim Sung, Enver Hoxha, Ceascesu, Dimitrov, Ulbricht, Gottwald, '''[[Directory:Josip Broz Tito|'''Tito''']]''' and others all were the object of such cults. The prototypical cult was that of Stalin which was duplicated elsewhere with minor variations.'' (p377)

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* "[~~http~~://~~daviscenter~~.~~fas~~.~~harvard.edu~~/~~people~~/~~bio_hollander.html~~ Paul Hollander] Ph.D in Sociology. Princeton University, 1963, B.A. London School of Economics, 1959 Professor Emeritus of Sociology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst Center Associate, Davis Center</ref><ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=Mi9b2yenE0kC&pg=PA91&dq=cult+of+personality+Josip+broz+tito&client=safari&cd=8#v=onepage&q=&f=false Governing by Committee:] Collegial Leadership in Advanced Societies by Thomas A. Baylis. Communist Collective Leadership, (p91)</ref><ref>Government Leaders, Military Rulers and Political Activists: An Encyclopaedia of People Who Changed the World (Lives & Legacies Series)-By David W. Del Testa, Florence Lemoine & John Strickland/ Legacy Chapter (p181)</ref> The Yugoslav Communist state used youth indoctrination (Union of Pioneers of Yugoslavia), which were all too similar to the Soviet Union (Young Pioneer of the Soviet Union) and the [[People's Republic of China]].

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* "[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Hollander Paul Hollander] Ph.D in Sociology. Princeton University, 1963, B.A. London School of Economics, 1959 Professor Emeritus of Sociology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst Center Associate, Davis Center</ref><ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=Mi9b2yenE0kC&pg=PA91&dq=cult+of+personality+Josip+broz+tito&client=safari&cd=8#v=onepage&q=&f=false Governing by Committee:] Collegial Leadership in Advanced Societies by Thomas A. Baylis. Communist Collective Leadership, (p91)</ref><ref>Government Leaders, Military Rulers and Political Activists: An Encyclopaedia of People Who Changed the World (Lives & Legacies Series)-By David W. Del Testa, Florence Lemoine & John Strickland/ Legacy Chapter (p181)</ref> The Yugoslav Communist state used youth indoctrination (Union of Pioneers of Yugoslavia), which were all too similar to the Soviet Union (Young Pioneer of the Soviet Union) and the [[People's Republic of China]].

Communist political, historical and philosophical courses were all part of general education. <ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=6UbOtJcF8rQC&pg=PA43&dq=Becoming+Slav,+Becoming+Croat:+Identity+Transformations+in+Post-Roman+Medieval+studies+in+croatia&hl=en&ei=aEVLTZXLC5GevgPU26QW&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false Becoming Slav, Becoming Croat: Identity Transformations in Post-Roman and and Early Medieval Dalmatia] by Danijel Dzino (p43)

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* "The language of the country is the Herzogovine dialect of the Sclavonian, but Italian is the prevalent tongue among the well-educated classes, and is used in the public offices and courts. The remainder of the population is composed of '''Italians''' (about 40 000) who are spread through the maritime towns and the sea coast" </ref><ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=EcvNw81I3hkC&pg=PA121&dq=Dalmatia:+The+Land+Where+East+Meets+West+Slavish+and+Italian+today&hl=en&ei=J46dTKDEF4XOvQOT_PS4DQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false Dalmatia: The Land Where East Meets West] by Maude Holbach (p121)

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* "DALMATIA: The Land Where East Meets West is MAUDE M. HOLBACH's second book of travel in Eastern Europe. First published in '''1910''', this is an anthropological travel journal of an often-overlooked kingdom" ~~[http://www.cosimobooks.com/cosimo/about.html Web site: www.cosimobooks.com]~~

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* "DALMATIA: The Land Where East Meets West is MAUDE M. HOLBACH's second book of travel in Eastern Europe. First published in '''1910''', this is an anthropological travel journal of an often-overlooked kingdom"

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* "Two hundred years later that, is, early in the tenth century you might have heard Slavish and Latin spoken had you walked in the streets of Ragusa (Dubrovnik), just as you hear Slavish and '''Italian''' today; for as times of peace followed times of war, the Greek and Roman inhabitants of Rausium intermarried with the surrounding Slavs, and so a mixed race sprang up, a people apart from the rest of Dalmatia"</ref> this was no longer the case after 1945/46. In 1946 the Yugoslav Camps <ref>[http://www.ideadestra.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Crimes_committed_by_Totalitarian_Regimes-SLOVENIA.pdf '''European Public Hearing''' on “Crimes Committed by Totalitarian Regimes"]

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* "Two hundred years later that, is, early in the tenth century you might have heard Slavish and Latin spoken had you walked in the streets of Ragusa (Dubrovnik), just as you hear Slavish and '''Italian''' today; for as times of peace followed times of war, the Greek and Roman inhabitants of Rausium intermarried with the surrounding Slavs, and so a mixed race sprang up, a people apart from the rest of Dalmatia"</ref> this was no longer the case after 1945/46. In 1946 the Yugoslav Camps <ref>[http://~~bookzz~~.org/~~book~~/~~1180308~~/~~f1aefd~~ '''European Public Hearing''' on “Crimes Committed by Totalitarian Regimes"]

Milko Mikola: COMMUNIST CONCENTRATION CAMPS AND LABOUR CAMPS IN SLOVENIA (p154)

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</ref><ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=f1YIUo9wzSUC&pg=PA202&dq=%5E+Justice+in+Eastern+Europe+and+the+Former+Soviet+Union+Tito's+UDBA&hl=en&ei=cu2mTLe5JIOSuwPZorCADQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCsQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false Transitional justice in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union] by Lavinia Stan. Chapter 9. (p201, p202)</ref><ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=Frgm5QodnFoC&pg=PA252&dq=contraction+camps+communism+yugoslavia+tito&hl=en&ei=4_SlTIeKLpCmvQPHpaH1DA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CD0Q6AEwBDgU#v=onepage&q&f=false Comrades- A History of World Communism] by Robert Service (p252)</ref><ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=FTw3lEqi2-oC&pg=PA159&dq=Yugoslav+communist+run+concentration+camps+Slovenia+1945&hl=en&ei=79mmTLSTMYHCvQOU8IXoDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CDsQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=Yugoslav%20communist%20run%20concentration%20camps%20Slovenia%201945&f=false The Three Yugoslavias: State-Building and Legitimation, 1918-2005] by Sabrina P. Ramet (p159)</ref> held 117 485 folksdojcera (58 821 women, 32 214 men & 24 422 children).<ref>[~~http~~://74.~~125~~.~~155.132~~/~~scholar?q=cache:Xmg34OucoOoJ:scholar.google.com~~/~~++RESEARCH+OF+THE+PROBLEM+OF+BLEIBURG+AND+WAY+OF+THE+CROSS+++ZDRAVKO+DIZDAR+djeca+logor&hl=en&as_sdt=2000~~ Hrcak Portal of Scientific Journals of Croatia by Mr Dizdar's''' Scientific Journal''' - An Addition to the Research of the Problem of Bleiburg & Way of the Cross.]'''pdf page 66'''/Document page 182. The Scientific Journal is in Croatian: ''Z. Dizdar: PRILOG ISTRAŽIVANJU PROBLEMA BLEIBURGA I KRIŽNIH PUTOVA (U POVODU 60. OBLJETNICE): Hrvatski institut za povijest HR 10000 Zagreb, Izvorni znanstveni članak Ur.: 2005-12-15 pdf str. 66/dokument str. 182''</ref> ''

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</ref><ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=f1YIUo9wzSUC&pg=PA202&dq=%5E+Justice+in+Eastern+Europe+and+the+Former+Soviet+Union+Tito's+UDBA&hl=en&ei=cu2mTLe5JIOSuwPZorCADQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCsQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false Transitional justice in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union] by Lavinia Stan. Chapter 9. (p201, p202)</ref><ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=Frgm5QodnFoC&pg=PA252&dq=contraction+camps+communism+yugoslavia+tito&hl=en&ei=4_SlTIeKLpCmvQPHpaH1DA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CD0Q6AEwBDgU#v=onepage&q&f=false Comrades- A History of World Communism] by Robert Service (p252)</ref><ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=FTw3lEqi2-oC&pg=PA159&dq=Yugoslav+communist+run+concentration+camps+Slovenia+1945&hl=en&ei=79mmTLSTMYHCvQOU8IXoDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CDsQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=Yugoslav%20communist%20run%20concentration%20camps%20Slovenia%201945&f=false The Three Yugoslavias: State-Building and Legitimation, 1918-2005] by Sabrina P. Ramet (p159)</ref> held 117 485 folksdojcera (58 821 women, 32 214 men & 24 422 children).<ref>[https://hrcak.srce.hr/file/27515 Hrcak Portal of Scientific Journals of Croatia by Mr Dizdar's''' Scientific Journal''' - An Addition to the Research of the Problem of Bleiburg & Way of the Cross.]'''pdf page 66'''/Document page 182. The Scientific Journal is in Croatian: ''Z. Dizdar: PRILOG ISTRAŽIVANJU PROBLEMA BLEIBURGA I KRIŽNIH PUTOVA (U POVODU 60. OBLJETNICE): Hrvatski institut za povijest HR 10000 Zagreb, Izvorni znanstveni članak Ur.: 2005-12-15 pdf str. 66/dokument str. 182''</ref> ''

''-See below-''

*'''Note A'''. Vladimir Geiger of the [[Croatia|Croatian]] Institute for History:{{quote|

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''The list of German victims includes 26,000 women and 5,800 children who died in Yugoslav Camps''- Geiger said.~~<ref>Newcomers Network: German Mass Grave Sheds New Light on Close of World War Two. </ref>~~<ref>[~~http~~://~~wikileaks~~.~~org~~/~~gifiles~~/~~docs/17/1716703_re-eurasia~~-~~os-germany-german-mass-grave-sheds-new-light-on~~.~~html German mass grave sheds new light on close of World War Two (Feature) By Boris Raseta Feb 17~~, ~~2011]~~</ref>}}

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''The list of German victims includes 26,000 women and 5,800 children who died in Yugoslav Camps''- Geiger said.<ref>[https://hrcak.srce.hr/file/74495 VLADIMIR GEIGER

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Hrvatski institut za povijest, Zagreb LOGOR KRNDIJA 1945-1946. GODINE

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POKAZATELJI O BROJU, STAROSNOJ, RODNOJ I ZAVIČAJNOJ STRUKTURI LOGORAŠA I ŽRTAVA </ref>}}

*'''Note B'''. Information from the Genocide and Crimes Against Humanity-Yugoslavia by Ed. Dinah L. Shelton. Gale Cengage, 2005: " ''The killing continued after the war, as Tito's victorious forces took revenge on their real and perceived enemies. British forces in Austria turned back tens of thousands of fleeing Yugoslavs. Estimates range from 30,000 to 55,000 killed between spring and autumn 1945.''

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=== Commission on Concealed Mass Graves in Slovenia ===

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The Government of the Slovenia (a former republic of Yugoslavia) created'' "Commission on Concealed Mass Graves in Slovenia"'' in 2005. In October 2009 they issued their report to the Government of Slovenia. Significant factual statements came to light, concerning Yugoslavia in the aftermath of [[Second World War]]. The Jutarnji newspaper reported on the 01/10/2009 commissions find, in all it is estimated that there are 100 000 victims in 581 mass graves.<ref>[~~http~~://www.jutarnji.hr/u-581-grobnici-je-100-000-zrtava~~/310887/ www~~.~~jutarnji~~.hr] U 581 Grobnici je 100.000 žrtava. English: "The Jutarnji newspaper reported on the 01/10/2009 commissions find, in all it is estimated that there are 100 000 victims in 581 mass graves"</ref> According to the Reports and Proceedings of the 8th of April European public hearing on “Crimes Committed by Totalitarian Regimes" the killings were executed by the Yugoslav Paritsian Army in 1945 and 1946. There was a large scale execution of people that were, guilty by association only and no trials.

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The Government of the Slovenia (a former republic of Yugoslavia) created'' "Commission on Concealed Mass Graves in Slovenia"'' in 2005. In October 2009 they issued their report to the Government of Slovenia. Significant factual statements came to light, concerning Yugoslavia in the aftermath of [[Second World War]]. The Jutarnji newspaper reported on the 01/10/2009 commissions find, in all it is estimated that there are 100 000 victims in 581 mass graves.<ref>[https://www.jutarnji.hr/vijesti/hrvatska/u-581-grobnici-je-100.000-zrtava-2809121 U 581 grobnici je 100.000 žrtava

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Piše: Jutarnji.hrObjavljeno: 01. listopad 2009. 21:59] U 581 Grobnici je 100.000 žrtava. English: "The Jutarnji newspaper reported on the 01/10/2009 commissions find, in all it is estimated that there are 100 000 victims in 581 mass graves"</ref> According to the Reports and Proceedings of the 8th of April European public hearing on “Crimes Committed by Totalitarian Regimes" the killings were executed by the Yugoslav Paritsian Army in 1945 and 1946. There was a large scale execution of people that were, guilty by association only and no trials.

'''Barbarin Rov''' is one of the many sites. Investigation of the site began August 2008. They found around 350 unidentified bodies. The victims, among were also women <ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=ZK2WE_2H3UEC&pg=PA168&dq=Bleiburg+massacre&hl=en&ei=kbsiTJ-MDIHJcc2kzIkF&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CDQQ6AEwAzge#v=onepage&q&f=false Identity Politics in the Age of Genocide:] The Holocaust and Historical ''by'' David B. MacDonald. (p168).

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== See also ==

* [[human rights|Human Rights]]

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* [[European Public Hearing on Crimes Committed by Totalitarian Regimes]]

* [[Ana Peraica|Josip Broz Tito, Bishop Alojzije Stepinac and Antonio Perajica]]

* [[Directory:Josip Broz Tito and Wikipedia| Wikipedia's bias towards Dictator Josip Broz Tito and Communist Yugoslavia]]

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* Hrcak Portal of'' Scientific Journals'' of Croatia - An Addition to the Research of the Problem of Bleiburg & Way of the Cross by Zdravko Dizdar of the Croatian Institute of History

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* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kspj_4TcjOQ&feature=related BBC 4]: ''' Internal Security''' of the Former Yugoslavia - Mitja Ribicic (interview):

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~~{{quote|''If I read the reports, that I made from 1945, I would be embarrassed.''}}~~

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== Notes and References ==

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* National Museum of Contemporary History (Ljubljana) [http://www.culturalprofiles.org.uk/slovenia/Units/3859.html '''Link''']

* Croatian Institute of History [http://www.isp.hr/index.php?lang=en '''Link''']

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* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kspj_4TcjOQ&feature=related BBC 4]: ''' Internal Security''' of the Former Yugoslavia - Mitja Ribicic (Interview).

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* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d2uvudCq2q8&feature=PlayList&p=1DFEA72867B14F6F&playnext=1&playnext_from=PL&index=1 BBC 4]: Croatian Physicist, Philosopher, Writer, Playwright, Peace Activist Humanist & former Yugoslav Partizan - Ivan Supek (Interview).

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(Interviews: Directed by Mira Erdevicki. Combining stunning archive with incisive interviews this documentary charts how every stage of Tito's life has left its mark on the former Yugoslavia/BBC 4:[http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b0091tjj ''Tito's Ghosts''])

* [http://www.dvhh.org/history/genocide/index.htm Trail of Tears Leidensweg "the way of sorrows" Genocide & Atrocities Against The Donauscwhwaben] "Genocide Carried out by the Tito Partisans 1944-1948"

* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kn0YUsKNv1E Forgotten Genocide FINAL TRAILER.divx]

Peter Z.

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Titoism and Totalitarianism (view source)

Revision as of 07:50, 6 November 2022