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In the 1960's, blackjack became the most popular of casino games after computer-based systems were developed which gave an edge to the player.  Various mathematicians and gamblers including [[Edward Thorp]] and [[Les Golden]] have refined these systems.<ref>Golden, Les (2010).  “Countering the Casino Countering of Counters:  The Golden Diagram to the Rescue,” ''Bluff Europe'',  June, p. 84-85</ref><ref>Golden, Les (2011). “Trust Me:  An Undetectable Winning System For Blackjack! ,” ''Bluff Europe'', March, p. 94-95</ref><ref>Golden, Leslie M. (2011). “An Analysis of the Disadvantage to Players of Multiple Decks in the Game of 21.”  ''The Mathematical Scientist'', '''32''', 2,  p. 57-69</ref><ref>http://www.appliedprobability.org/content.aspx?Group=tms&Page=tmsabstracts</ref><ref>Golden, Les (2011). “Stepping Out With My Baby:  The Stepwise Betting Strategy,” ''Bluff Europe'', April, p. 92-93</ref>
 
In the 1960's, blackjack became the most popular of casino games after computer-based systems were developed which gave an edge to the player.  Various mathematicians and gamblers including [[Edward Thorp]] and [[Les Golden]] have refined these systems.<ref>Golden, Les (2010).  “Countering the Casino Countering of Counters:  The Golden Diagram to the Rescue,” ''Bluff Europe'',  June, p. 84-85</ref><ref>Golden, Les (2011). “Trust Me:  An Undetectable Winning System For Blackjack! ,” ''Bluff Europe'', March, p. 94-95</ref><ref>Golden, Leslie M. (2011). “An Analysis of the Disadvantage to Players of Multiple Decks in the Game of 21.”  ''The Mathematical Scientist'', '''32''', 2,  p. 57-69</ref><ref>http://www.appliedprobability.org/content.aspx?Group=tms&Page=tmsabstracts</ref><ref>Golden, Les (2011). “Stepping Out With My Baby:  The Stepwise Betting Strategy,” ''Bluff Europe'', April, p. 92-93</ref>
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The following table summarizes the most popular and most powerful systems.  References are provided to the developers of the systems and the most authoritative websites which discuss their attributes.
+
There are tables that summarize the most popular and most powerful systems.  References are provided to the developers of the systems and the most authoritative websites which discuss their attributes.
   −
The numbers in the table are the values assigned to the given card.  In blackjack, 10s, Jacks, Queens, and Kings are all considered "10-value" cards.  The total "count" of a hand is the arithmetic sum of the values assigned to the cards being held in the hand.
+
The numbers in the tables are the values assigned to the given card.  In blackjack, 10s, Jacks, Queens, and Kings are all considered "10-value" cards.  The total "count" of a hand is the arithmetic sum of the values assigned to the cards being held in the hand.
 
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{| class="wikitable" border="1"
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|- style="text-align:center;"
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!style="background:#B0C4DE"|System Name
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!style="background:#B0C4DE"|2s
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!style="background:#B0C4DE"|3s
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!style="background:#B0C4DE"|4s
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!style="background:#B0C4DE"|5s
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!style="background:#B0C4DE"|6s
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!style="background:#B0C4DE"|7s
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!style="background:#B0C4DE"|8s
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!style="background:#B0C4DE"|9s
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!style="background:#B0C4DE"|10s
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!style="background:#B0C4DE"|A’s
  −
!style="background:#B0C4DE"|Developer
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|-
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|Advanced Omega II<ref>Carlson, Bryce  (2010) ''Blackjack for Blood'', Gamestar Pr Inc</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.blackjackage.com/omega-II-system.php|title= Omega II Blackjackage|publisher= |date= |accessdate=2012-11-24}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.bj21.com/boards/free/free_board/index.cgi?noframes;read=148779
  −
|title= Omega II BJ21|publisher= |date= |accessdate=2012-11-24}}</ref>
  −
|1
  −
|1
  −
|2
  −
|2
  −
|2
  −
|1
  −
|0
  −
| -1
  −
| -2
  −
|0
  −
|Bryce Carlson
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|-
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|Canfield Expert<ref>{{cite web|url= http://books.google.com/books/about/Blackjack_your_way_to_riches.html?id=6tXtee819p0C |title= Canfield Expert book |publisher= |date= |accessdate=2012-11-24}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.blackjack-strategy-page.com/cardcounting/canfieldexpertcardcountingsystem.htm
  −
|title=Canfield Expert Cardcounting|publisher=|date= |accessdate=2012-11-24}}</ref>
  −
|0
  −
|1
  −
|1
  −
|1
  −
|1
  −
|1
  −
|0
  −
| -1
  −
| -1
  −
|0
  −
|Richard Canfield (John Hinton)
  −
|-
  −
|Canfield Master<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.clickcasino.com/blackjack-canfield-master-system-lesson.html|title= Canfield Master |publisher= |date= |accessdate=2012-11-24}}</ref>
  −
|1
  −
|1
  −
|2
  −
|2
  −
|2
  −
|1
  −
|0
  −
| -1
  −
| -2
  −
|0
  −
|Richard Canfield (John Hinton)
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|-
  −
|Hi-Lo<ref>Thorp, Edward O.(1962) ''Beat the Dealer: A Winning Strategy for the Game of Twenty-One'', Vintage, New York</ref><ref name=''beat-1966''>Thorp, Edward O.(1966) ''Beat the Dealer: A Winning Strategy for the Game of Twenty-One'', revised edition, Vintage, New York</ref>
  −
|1
  −
|1
  −
|1
  −
|1
  −
|1
  −
|0
  −
|0
  −
|0
  −
| -1
  −
| -1
  −
|[[Edward O. Thorp]]
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|-
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|Hi-Opt I (High Optimum)<ref>Humble, Lance and Cooper, Carl  (1987) ''The Worlds Greatest Blackjack Book '', Doubleday, New York</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.theblackjackrules.com/hi-opt-i.htm |title=Hi-Opt I |publisher=|date= |accessdate=2012-11-24}}</ref>
  −
|0
  −
|1
  −
|1
  −
|1
  −
|1
  −
|0
  −
|0
  −
|0
  −
| -1
  −
|0
  −
|Lance Humble and Carl Cooper
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|-
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|Hi-Opt II (High Optimum)<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.blackjackinfo.com/bb/showthread.php?t=852
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|title= Hi-Opt II  blackjackinfo|publisher= |date= |accessdate=2012-11-24}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.blackjacktactics.com/blackjack/strategy/card-counting/hi-opt-ii/|title= Hi-Opt II blackjacktactics|publisher= |date= |accessdate=2012-11-24}}</ref>
  −
|1
  −
|1
  −
|2
  −
|2
  −
|1
  −
|1
  −
|0
  −
|0
  −
| -2
  −
|0
  −
|Lance Humble and Carl Cooper
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|-
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| Keep It Simple 2 (KISS 2)<ref>Renzey, Fred  (2006) ''Blackjack Bluebook '', Blackjack Mentor Press</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.lolblackjack.com/blackjack/card-counting/systems/kiss-ii/
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|title= Kiss 2|publisher= |date= |accessdate=2012-11-24}}</ref> 
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| 0/1
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|1
  −
|1
  −
|1
  −
|1
  −
|0
  −
|0
  −
|0
  −
| -1
  −
|0
  −
|Fred Renzey
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|-
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| Keep It Simple 3 (KISS 3)<ref>Renzey, Fred  (2006) ''Blackjack Bluebook II '', Blackjack Mentor Press</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.blackjackinfo.com/bb/showthread.php?t=9028
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|title= Kiss 3|publisher= |date= |accessdate=2012-11-24}}</ref>
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| 0/1
  −
|1
  −
|1
  −
|1
  −
|1
  −
|1
  −
|0
  −
|0
  −
| -1
  −
| -1
  −
|Fred Renzey
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|-
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|Knock Out (K-O; All Sevens)<ref>Vancura, Olaf and Fuchs, Ken  (1998) ''Knock-Out Blackjack'', Huntington Press</ref><ref name=''british''>Zadehkoochak, M. (1992) ''The Book of British Blackjack'' Medimage. ISBN 1-897728-00-X</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.koblackjack.com/
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|title= Knock Out or All Sevens|publisher= |date= |accessdate=2012-11-24}}</ref>
  −
|1
  −
|1
  −
|1
  −
|1
  −
|1
  −
|1
  −
|0
  −
|0
  −
| -1
  −
| -1
  −
|Olaf Vancura and Ken Fuchs
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|-
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|Mentor<ref>Renzey, Fred  (2006) ''Blackjack Bluebook II '', Blackjack Mentor Press</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.clickcasino.com/blackjack-mentor-blackjack-counting-system-lesson.html
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|title= Mentor|publisher= |date= |accessdate=2012-11-24}}</ref>
  −
|1
  −
|2
  −
|2
  −
|2
  −
|2
  −
|1
  −
|0
  −
| -1
  −
| -2
  −
| -1
  −
| Fred Renzey
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|-
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|Red Seven<ref>Snyder, Arnold  (1983) ''Blackbelt in Blackjack''</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.blackjackage.com/red-seven.php|title= Red Seven|publisher= |date= |accessdate=2012-11-24}}</ref>
  −
|1
  −
|1
  −
|1
  −
|1
  −
|1
  −
| 0/1
  −
|0
  −
|0
  −
| -1
  −
| -1
  −
|[[Arnold Snyder]]
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|-
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|Revere 14 Count<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.clickcasino.com/blackjack-revere-14-count-lesson.html|title= Revere 14 Count clickcasino|publisher= |date= |accessdate=2012-11-24}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://howtoplayblackjacks.com/blackjack-systems.htm
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|title= Revere 14 Count howtoplayblackjacks|publisher= |date= |accessdate=2012-11-24}}</ref>
  −
|2
  −
|2
  −
|3
  −
|4
  −
|2
  −
|1
  −
|0
  −
| -2
  −
| -3
  −
|0
  −
|[[Lawrence Revere]] (G. Owens)
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|-
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|Revere Advanced Point Count (RAPC)<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.lolblackjack.com/blackjack/card-counting/systems/revere-rapc/|title= Revere APC lolblackjack|publisher= |date= |accessdate=2012-11-24}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.bonusblackjack.org/card-counting/revere-advanced-point-count/|title= Revere APC bonusblackjack|publisher= |date= |accessdate=2012-11-24}}</ref>
  −
|2
  −
|3
  −
|3
  −
|4
  −
|3
  −
|2
  −
|0
  −
| -1
  −
| -3
  −
| -4
  −
|[[Lawrence Revere]] (G. Owens)
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|-
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|Revere Plus-Minus<ref>Revere, Lawrence  (1971) ''Playing Blackjack as a Business '', Carol Publishing Group-Lyle Stuart</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://blackjackbookslibrary.com/playing-blackjack-as-business.htm|title= Revere|publisher= |date= |accessdate=2012-11-24}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.liveonlineblackjack.net/card-counting/revere-plus-minus/|title= Revere Plus-Minus|publisher= |date= |accessdate=2012-11-24}}</ref>
  −
|1
  −
|1
  −
|1
  −
|1
  −
|1
  −
|0
  −
|0
  −
| -1
  −
| -1
  −
|0
  −
|[[Lawrence Revere]] (G. Owens)
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|-
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|Revere Point Count (RPC)<ref>Revere, Lawrence  (1971) ''Playing Blackjack as a Business '', Carol Publishing Group-Lyle Stuart</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.liveonlineblackjack.net/card-counting/revere-point-count/|title= Revere Point Count|publisher= |date= |accessdate=2012-11-24}}</ref>
  −
|1
  −
|2
  −
|2
  −
|2
  −
|2
  −
|1
  −
|0
  −
| -1
  −
| -2
  −
| -2
  −
|[[Lawrence Revere]] (G. Owens)
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|-
  −
|Silver Fox<ref>Stricker, Ralph, ''Silver Fox Blackjack System'', Gambler’s Book Club, Las Vegas</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.lolblackjack.com/blackjack/card-counting/systems/silver-fox/|title= Silver Fox lolblackjack|publisher= |date= |accessdate=2012-11-24}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.bjinsider.com/newsletter_142_fox.shtml|title= Silver Fox bjinsider|publisher= |date= |accessdate=2012-11-24}}</ref>
  −
|1
  −
|1
  −
|1
  −
|1
  −
|1
  −
|1
  −
|0
  −
| -1
  −
| -1
  −
| -1
  −
|Ralph Stricker
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|-
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|Unbalanced Zen II (UBZ2)<ref> C., George, ''The Unbalanced Zen II'' in Schlesinger, Don (2008 ) ''Blackjack Attack:  Playing the Pros’ Way'', RGE Publishers</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.bj21.com/boards/free/free_board/index.cgi?noframes;read=111276|title= Unbalanced Zen II bj21|publisher= |date= |accessdate=2012-11-24}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.lolblackjack.com/blackjack/card-counting/systems/unbalanced-zen-ii/|title= Unbalanced Zen II lolblackjack|publisher= |date= |accessdate=2012-11-24}}</ref>
  −
|1
  −
|2
  −
|2
  −
|2
  −
|2
  −
|1
  −
|0
  −
|0
  −
| -2
  −
| -1
  −
|George C.
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|-
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|Uston Advanced Plus/Minus (APM)<ref>Uston, Ken  (1998) ''Million Dollar Blackjack'', Carol Publishing Group</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.lolblackjack.com/blackjack/card-counting/systems/uston-advanced-plus-minus/
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|title= Uston Advanced Plus-Minus|publisher= |date= |accessdate=2012-11-24}}</ref>
  −
|0
  −
|1
  −
|1
  −
|1
  −
|1
  −
|1
  −
|0
  −
|0
  −
| -1
  −
| -1
  −
|[[Ken Uston]]
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|-
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|Uston Advanced Point Count (APC)<ref>Uston, Ken  (1998) ''Million Dollar Blackjack'', Carol Publishing Group</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.duke.edu/web/DBT/Blackjack%20Counting%20Systems.doc
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|title= Uston APC|publisher= |date= |accessdate=2012-11-24}}</ref24}}</ref>
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|1
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|2
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|2
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|3
  −
|2
  −
|2
  −
|1
  −
| -1
  −
| -3
  −
|0
  −
|[[Ken Uston]]
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|-
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|Uston Strongest and Simplest (SS)<ref>Uston, Ken  (1998) ''Million Dollar Blackjack'', Carol Publishing Group</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.clickcasino.com/blackjack-uston-ss-count-lesson.html
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|title= Uston Strongest and Simplest|publisher= |date= |accessdate=2012-11-24}}</ref>
  −
|2
  −
|2
  −
|2
  −
|3
  −
|2
  −
|1
  −
|0
  −
| -1
  −
| -2
  −
| -2
  −
|[[Ken Uston]]
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|-
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|Wong Halves<ref>Wong, Stanford  (1994) ''Professional Blackjack'', Pi Yee Pr Press</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.wonghalvesblackjackcardcountingsystem.htm
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|title= Wong Halves wonghalvesblackjack|publisher= |date= |accessdate=2012-11-24}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.blackjackage.com/wong-halves.php
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|title= Wong Halves blackjackage|publisher= |date= |accessdate=2012-11-24}}</ref>
  −
|.5
  −
|1
  −
|1
  −
|1.5
  −
|1
  −
|.5
  −
|0
  −
| -.5
  −
| -1
  −
| -1
  −
|[[Stanford Wong]] (John Ferguson)
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|-
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|Zen Count<ref>Synder, Arnold  (2005) ''Blackbelt in Blackjack'', Cardoza, Las Vegas</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.gamesblackjack.org/strategy/card-counting/zen-count.php
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|title= Zen Count|publisher= |date= |accessdate=2012-11-24}}</ref>
  −
|1
  −
|1
  −
|2
  −
|2
  −
|2
  −
|1
  −
|0
  −
|0
  −
| -2
  −
| -1
  −
|[[Arnold Snyder]]
  −
|-
  −
|}