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Line 55: − − '''Rough Time line:''' − * Carolingian Empire (Franks) - Dalmatian Ducatus. Leader Borna ''a'' Guduscani (a Germanic tribe related to the Goths) − * Carolingian Empire (Franks) - Dalmatian Ducatus. Leader Vladislav a Slav. − * Carolingian Empire (Franks) - Dalmatian Ducatus. Leader Mislav a Slav. He ruled from Klis in central Dalmatia, when he made Klis Fortress seat to his throne. − * Carolingian Empire (Franks) - Dalmatian Ducatus. Leader Trpimir I (the founder of the Slavic House of Trpimirovic). Then Zdeslav (864,878–879) • Domagoj (864–876) • Iljko (876–878) − * Ducatus Chroatorum- Leader Duke Branimir (dux sclavorum & dux cruatorum) Line 57:
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Line 150: − + − The ''Principality of Littoral Croatia'' is a truly poorly written article (& there are many more) on [[Wikipedia]]. Written in the style of Nationalistic, Extremists + − - Wikipedians. Falsehoods, propaganda etc. No modern Archaeological and Scholarly research there. Falsehoods are dangerous! − − − − Wikipedia: ''"Littoral Croatia (Croatian: Primorska Hrvatska) or Dalmatian Croatia (Croatian: Dalmatinska Hrvatska) is a name for a region of what used to be a medieval Croatian principality which was established in the former Roman province of Dalmatia."'' '''False''' − − Reality: Parts of the Roman province of Dalmatia became part of the Carolingian Empire which was called - Dalmatian Ducatus. − − === Medieval Croatia === − − The province of the Roman Empire named Dalmatia was divided after the collapse of the Roman Empire between the Byzantine Empire (Eastern Roman Empire) and the Carolingian Empire. The Carolingian Empire created it’s own Dalmatian Ducatus. The Dalmatian Ducatus (Duchy) of the Carolingian Empire had mainly a Roman Latin-Illyrian population (as well as Liburnians, Greeks, Guduscani, Ostrogoths and Slavs). − − With time one of the Slavic tribes within Dalmatian Ducatus became the political elite and the leaders (dux) of the province. From the late 9th century onwards they were referred to as Cruatorum. This was the first time that the Croatian identity (Hrvat) was used c. 880 AD. Cruatorum is a Latin translation of Hrvat. During this period the Dalmatian Ducatus became independent and was renamed Ducatus Croatiae. Later it became a kingdom that was called the Regnum Chroatorum (Kingdom of Croatia 925–1102 AD). − − The new Kingdom of Croatia was ruled by Slavic nobility from the Dalmatian hinterland (Klis in central Dalmatia). The kingdom was named after her ruling class, which in turn ruled a medieval multi-ethnic state. The Kingdom of Croatia’s political elite seemed to be Slavs who in the past intermixed with Sarmatians as the word Hrvat is of Sarmatian origins. Other than that one can only engage in historical speculation about the connections with the Sarmatians, which many have done in the past. − − The Kingdom of Croatia with time became a powerful military state and expanded her borders, as well as being a Christian state then later Catholic (note: the Slavs were pagans upon arrival in Roman Dalmatia). It’s written Language was Latin and Croatian Glagolitic. The Slavic part of the population spoke old Slavic Chakavian. − − The medieval state borders have been a matter of huge debate and will remain so until new historical evidence is found. However there is some factual information. The river Cetina was a major border in the south. The Roman cities of Jadera (Zara/Zadar), Spalatum (Spalato/Split), Ragusa (Dubrovnik) and Trau (Trogir) with their surrounding areas never became part of the state. Other parts of the Dalmation coast did. In the north the river Sava was a major border. The region south of the river Cetina has been sometimes referred to as Red Croatia, which would indicate her political influence was felt beyond the river Cetina. − − In the late 12 century the state fell into crisis when the neighbouring Hungarians (Magyars) used this opportunity to expand their own state. In 1102 it ceased to exist and it became politically part of Hungary. −
→Marko Marulić
* [[Croatian Slavic Identity|Croatian Identity - Page '''Link''']]
* [[Croatian Slavic Identity|Croatian Identity - Page '''Link''']]
==== Sources ====
==== Sources ====
* [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=6UbOtJcF8rQC&pg=PA24&dq=Dalmatia+medieval+Croatia&hl=en&ei=vOMiTuaiDaLSmAXGydm-Aw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CEYQ6AEwBTgK#v=onepage&q=Dalmatia%20medieval%20Croatia&f=false Becoming Slav, Becoming Croat:] by Danijel Dzino (p25, p185, p202, p217)
* [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=6UbOtJcF8rQC&pg=PA24&dq=Dalmatia+medieval+Croatia&hl=en&ei=vOMiTuaiDaLSmAXGydm-Aw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CEYQ6AEwBTgK#v=onepage&q=Dalmatia%20medieval%20Croatia&f=false Becoming Slav, Becoming Croat:] by Danijel Dzino (p25, p185, p202, p217)
* [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=Rf8P-7ExoKYC&pg=PA41&dq=Prince+Branimir&hl=en&ei=BvYjTpDLIs_RmAWMu-jGAw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CC8Q6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Prince%20Branimir&f=false Religious Separation and Political Intolerance in Bosnia-Herzegovina] by Mitja Velikonja (p41)
* [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=Rf8P-7ExoKYC&pg=PA41&dq=Prince+Branimir&hl=en&ei=BvYjTpDLIs_RmAWMu-jGAw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CC8Q6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Prince%20Branimir&f=false Religious Separation and Political Intolerance in Bosnia-Herzegovina] by Mitja Velikonja (p41)
*Southeastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 500-1250 by Florin Curta (p140):
*Southeastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 500-1250 by Florin Curta (p140):''"Florin Curta: he reason for the pope's sharing such concerns with a Croatian prince is that Bulgaria apparently bordered Croatia ... Branimir (879–892) appears in no less than five Latin inscriptions. One of them was found in Nin and calls Branimir..."''
''"The reason for the pope's sharing such concerns with a Croatian prince is that Bulgaria apparently bordered Croatia ... Branimir (879–892) appears in no less than five Latin inscriptions. One of them was found in Nin and calls Branimir..."''
* Encyclopedia of Genocide and Crimes Against Humanity, Volume 3 by Dinah Shelton Macmillan Reference, 2005 - Political Science (p.1170)
* European Public Hearing on “Crimes Committed by Totalitarian Regimes"
* Encyclopaedia Britannica
A rough time line:
* Carolingian Empire (Franks) - Dalmatian Ducatus. Leader Borna ''a'' Guduscani (a Germanic tribe related to the Goths)
* Carolingian Empire - Dalmatian Ducatus. Leader ''Vladislav'' a Slav.
* Carolingian Empire - Dalmatian Ducatus. Leader ''Mislav'' a Slav. He ruled from Klis in central Dalmatia, when he made Klis Fortress seat to his throne.
* Carolingian Empire - Dalmatian Ducatus. Leader ''Trpimir I'' (the founder of the Slavic House of Trpimirovic). Then ''Zdeslav'' (864,878–879) • ''Domagoj'' (864–876) • ''Iljko'' (876–878)
* Ducatus Chroatorum- Leader Duke Branimir (dux sclavorum & dux '''cruatorum''')
''Notes'''
* It is believed that Hrvat in medieval times was pronounced "Hrovat".
* Discovered In 1853 Χορούαθ[ος], Χοροάθος, Χορόαθος- Horoúathos, Horoáthos, and Horóathos (originally 3rd century AD-Tanais Tablets)
* Branimir's inscription c. 880: Croatorum (Latin)
* Baska tablet c.1100 AD: HR'VAT'SKI
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*Byzantines-Eastern Roman Empire (i.e. Procopius-Byzantine scholar, Jordanes- 6th century Roman bureaucrat) c. 550 '''Σκλαβῖνοι'''- Sklabenoi
* Latin: Sclaveni
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Some time after the collapse of the old medievial Croatia state in 1102 the political power within the Provence was transferred from Dalmatia to the Zagreb region (further inland). Zagreb today is the capital of modern Croatia.
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In 1102 the Kingdom of Croatia ceased to exist and it became politically part of the Kingdom of Hungary. From the 12 century onwards the Croatian Identity started to disappear from the Balkan region. It was resurrected in 19th century in Austro-Hungarian Empire (the province of Croatia-Slavonia).
'''Note''' to self:
'''Note''' to self:
* Slavs (intermixed with Sarmatians)
* Slavs (intermixed with Sarmatians)
* Within the Kingdom of Croatian (925–1102AD) all of her citizens weren't ethnic Croatian Slavs.
* Within the Kingdom of Croatian (925–1102AD) all of her citizens weren't ethnic Croatian Slavs.
== The Kingdom of Croatian was ruled by a Slavic nobility from the Dalmatian hinterland ==
== The Kingdom of Croatian was ruled by a Slavic nobility from the Dalmatian hinterland ==
Old Slavic Chakavian should be seen as a language in its own right, not a dialect. In the 19 century a fundamental mistake was made when political extremist ideology influenced culture and political decision making. It was an attempt at imitating Western imperial empire building egotism which failed with truly tragic historic events being the result.
Old Slavic Chakavian should be seen as a language in its own right, not a dialect. In the 19 century a fundamental mistake was made when political extremist ideology influenced culture and political decision making. It was an attempt at imitating Western imperial empire building egotism which failed with truly tragic historic events being the result.
In 1850, a small group of Croatians (Illyrian movment) and Serbian representatives signed the "Vienna agreement". This agreement was indeed the basis and the start of the regions problems.
In 1850, a small group of Croatians (Illyrian movement) and Serbian representatives signed the "Vienna agreement". This agreement was indeed the basis and the start of the regions problems.
* [http://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:W0qJaxFWySwJ:sdsu-dspace.calstate.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10211.10/1223/Young_Mitchell.pdf%3Fsequence%3D1+In+1850,+a+small+group+of+Croatians+(Illyrian+movement)+and+Serbian+representatives+signed+the+%22Vienna+agreement%22.+This+agreement+was+indeed+the+basis+and+the+start+of+the+regions+problems.&hl=en&gl=au&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESiUqvX7PsU9eqoabBdAydnIJGhg51U28ot5XwTzQZDbK7bH-BgJ7fyGBN9H9SdJKGMzWprhDP9eE2AKI1AGvDD_AiTJpS-r-wJ6t_SQ-Vnzab_0q8mnDaQRty_pi92eS6e8YnzW&sig=AHIEtbSXRBZ8GEgv-6ybIMgyJPm3G06yBw LANGUAGE AND NATION: AN ANALYSIS OF CROATIAN LINGUISTIC NATIONALISM - A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of San Diego State]
* [http://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:W0qJaxFWySwJ:sdsu-dspace.calstate.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10211.10/1223/Young_Mitchell.pdf%3Fsequence%3D1+In+1850,+a+small+group+of+Croatians+(Illyrian+movement)+and+Serbian+representatives+signed+the+%22Vienna+agreement%22.+This+agreement+was+indeed+the+basis+and+the+start+of+the+regions+problems.&hl=en&gl=au&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESiUqvX7PsU9eqoabBdAydnIJGhg51U28ot5XwTzQZDbK7bH-BgJ7fyGBN9H9SdJKGMzWprhDP9eE2AKI1AGvDD_AiTJpS-r-wJ6t_SQ-Vnzab_0q8mnDaQRty_pi92eS6e8YnzW&sig=AHIEtbSXRBZ8GEgv-6ybIMgyJPm3G06yBw LANGUAGE AND NATION: AN ANALYSIS OF CROATIAN LINGUISTIC NATIONALISM - A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of San Diego State]
[http://74.125.155.132/scholar?q=cache:1oNK0Y3WzDAJ:scholar.google.com/+italijanski+ZBORNIK-150+GODINA+ŠKOLSTVA+U+VELOJ+LUCI&hl=en&as_sdt=0,5 The Early Beginnings of Formal Education - Vela Luka (beginnings of literacy and Lower Primary School 1857 – 1870):] "Talijanski je jezik bio ne samo službeni jezik u svim dalmatinskim javnim usta-novama, već pretežito i govorni jezik u znatnom broju činovničkih, službeničkih i tr-govačkih obitelji u gradovima i većim trgovištima." ''(Italian language was not only the official language in all public Dalmatian establishments, but also was the spoken language in a significant number of white-collar, civil service and merchant families in the cities and major markets within towns)''
[http://74.125.155.132/scholar?q=cache:1oNK0Y3WzDAJ:scholar.google.com/+italijanski+ZBORNIK-150+GODINA+ŠKOLSTVA+U+VELOJ+LUCI&hl=en&as_sdt=0,5 The Early Beginnings of Formal Education - Vela Luka (beginnings of literacy and Lower Primary School 1857 – 1870):] "Talijanski je jezik bio ne samo službeni jezik u svim dalmatinskim javnim usta-novama, već pretežito i govorni jezik u znatnom broju činovničkih, službeničkih i tr-govačkih obitelji u gradovima i većim trgovištima." ''(Italian language was not only the official language in all public Dalmatian establishments, but also was the spoken language in a significant number of white-collar, civil service and merchant families in the cities and major markets within towns)''
== Marko Marulić==
'''Marcus Marulus''' (modern Marko Marulić) a Croatian from Split then part of the ''Republic of Venice'' wrote the poem 'Judit'. It was written in early 16th century and was printed in 1521, 1522 and 1523 in Venice.
[[File:Judita-str1.gif|thumb|right|300px| Judita (front cover)]]
== Translation ==
== Translation ==
(Croatian)
(Croatian)
Također je vrlo zanimljivo imati na umu da nedavne DNK znastvena studija navode da više od tri četvrtine današnjeg hrvatskog muškaraca su potomci Europljana koji su naseljavali Europu 13 000-20 000 godina. Iz perspektive DNK studije, narodi koji su živjeli u rimskoj Dalmaciji (prije dolaska Slavena) su genetski dominantna. Narodi koji su živjeli u rimskoj Dalmaciji u tom razdoblju pretežno su bili ilirsko-rimskog Latinski stanovništva.
Također je vrlo zanimljivo imati na umu da nedavne DNK znastvena studija navode da više od tri četvrtine današnjeg hrvatskog muškaraca su potomci Europljana koji su naseljavali Europu 13 000-20 000 godina. Iz perspektive DNK studije, narodi koji su živjeli u rimskoj Dalmaciji (prije dolaska Slavena) su genetski dominantna. Narodi koji su živjeli u rimskoj Dalmaciji u tom razdoblju pretežno su bili ilirsko-rimskog Latinski stanovništva.
==Principality of Littoral Croatia ==
==Principalities of Littoral Croatia ==
* [[Directory:Croatia|Medieval Croatia]]
* [[Directory:Nationalistic Editing on Wikipedia|Nationalistic Editing, Extremists on Wikipedia]]