Changes

m
Line 63: Line 63:  
{{Cquote|''After World War Two, the [[United States]] considered Yugoslavia to be a loyal Soviet satellite, but Tito surprised the West in 1948 by breaking with Stalin. Seizing this opportunity, the Truman administration sought to "keep Tito afloat" by giving him military and economic aid.''<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=MO0brh8EgdcC&pg=PR16&dq=Keeping+Tito+Afloat:+The+United+States,+Yugoslavia,+and+the+Cold+War+loans&hl=en&ei=0VB2TPu3GMWrcYbigY8G&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCUQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=loans&f=false Keeping Tito Afloat]  by Lorraine M. Lees  
 
{{Cquote|''After World War Two, the [[United States]] considered Yugoslavia to be a loyal Soviet satellite, but Tito surprised the West in 1948 by breaking with Stalin. Seizing this opportunity, the Truman administration sought to "keep Tito afloat" by giving him military and economic aid.''<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=MO0brh8EgdcC&pg=PR16&dq=Keeping+Tito+Afloat:+The+United+States,+Yugoslavia,+and+the+Cold+War+loans&hl=en&ei=0VB2TPu3GMWrcYbigY8G&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCUQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=loans&f=false Keeping Tito Afloat]  by Lorraine M. Lees  
 
*"Keeping Tito Afloat draws upon newly '''declassified''' documents to show the critical role that Yugoslavia played in [[United States|U.S. foreign]] policy with the communist world in the early years of the Cold War." (p67, p71, p74, p83, p85, p98, p90 & p182)</ref>}}  
 
*"Keeping Tito Afloat draws upon newly '''declassified''' documents to show the critical role that Yugoslavia played in [[United States|U.S. foreign]] policy with the communist world in the early years of the Cold War." (p67, p71, p74, p83, p85, p98, p90 & p182)</ref>}}  
[[File:454px-StalinPortrait.jpg|thumb|right||150px|[[Josip Broz Tito|Josip Broz Tito's]] ''Cult of Personality'' within the Communist Yugoslavia was based on Marshal of the Soviet Union -  '''Joseph Stalin'''. <ref> '''Discontents: Post-modern and Post Communist''' by Paul Hollander.
+
[[File:454px-StalinPortrait.jpg|thumb|right||150px|[[Josip Broz Tito|Josip Broz Tito's]] ''Cult of Personality'' within the Communist Yugoslavia was based on Marshal of the Soviet Union -  '''Joseph Stalin'''. (above) <ref> '''Discontents: Post-modern and Post Communist''' by Paul Hollander.
 
*“Virtually every [[Communists|communist]] system extinct or surviving at one point or another had a supreme leader who was both extraordinarily powerful and surrounded by a bizarre cult, indeed worship. In the past (or in a more traditional contemporary societies) such as cults were reserved for deities and associated with conventional religious behaviour and institutions. These cults although apparently an intrinsic part of communist dictatorships (at any rate at a stage in their evolution) are largely forgotten today.”
 
*“Virtually every [[Communists|communist]] system extinct or surviving at one point or another had a supreme leader who was both extraordinarily powerful and surrounded by a bizarre cult, indeed worship. In the past (or in a more traditional contemporary societies) such as cults were reserved for deities and associated with conventional religious behaviour and institutions. These cults although apparently an intrinsic part of communist dictatorships (at any rate at a stage in their evolution) are largely forgotten today.”
 
*“ Stalin, Mao, Castro, Ho Chi Minh, Kim Sung, Enver Hoxha, Ceascesu, Dimitrov, Ulbricht, Gottwald, '''Tito''' and others all were the object of such cults. The prototypical cult was that of Stalin which was duplicated elsewhere with minor variations. (p377)  
 
*“ Stalin, Mao, Castro, Ho Chi Minh, Kim Sung, Enver Hoxha, Ceascesu, Dimitrov, Ulbricht, Gottwald, '''Tito''' and others all were the object of such cults. The prototypical cult was that of Stalin which was duplicated elsewhere with minor variations. (p377)  
   −
”[http://daviscenter.fas.harvard.edu/people/bio_hollander.html Paul Hollander] Ph.D in Sociology. Princeton University, 1963, B.A. London School of Economics, 1959 Professor Emeritus of Sociology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst Center Associate, Davis Center</ref> (above)]]
+
”[http://daviscenter.fas.harvard.edu/people/bio_hollander.html Paul Hollander] Ph.D in Sociology. Princeton University, 1963, B.A. London School of Economics, 1959 Professor Emeritus of Sociology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst Center Associate, Davis Center</ref>]]
 
Josip Broz was a backer of independent roads to socialism. In 1950, the National Assembly supported a bill written by Milovan Dilas and Tito about "self-management", an independent socialism that experimented with profit sharing with workers in state-run enterprises. He supported the policy of non-alignment between the two hostile blocs in the Cold War. Such successful diplomacy allowed Tito to preside over the Yugoslav economic boom and the expansion of the 1960s and 70s however, it was all a short-term solution.<ref>'''Encyclopaedia Britannica'''-History & Society: Josip Broz Tito
 
Josip Broz was a backer of independent roads to socialism. In 1950, the National Assembly supported a bill written by Milovan Dilas and Tito about "self-management", an independent socialism that experimented with profit sharing with workers in state-run enterprises. He supported the policy of non-alignment between the two hostile blocs in the Cold War. Such successful diplomacy allowed Tito to preside over the Yugoslav economic boom and the expansion of the 1960s and 70s however, it was all a short-term solution.<ref>'''Encyclopaedia Britannica'''-History & Society: Josip Broz Tito
 
*"He promoted self-management but never gave up on the party’s monopoly of power. He permitted broad freedoms in science, art, and culture that were unheard of in the Soviet bloc, but he kept excoriating the West. He preached peaceful coexistence but built an army that, in 1991, delivered the coup de grace to the dying Yugoslav state. At his death, the '''state treasury''' was '''empty''' and political opportunists unchecked." </ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwone/yugoslavia_03.shtml|title='''BBC'''-History by Tim Judah}}</ref> <ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=pSxJdE4MYo4C&pg=PA187&dq=Ivo+Goldstein++Tito&hl=en&ei=ighBTLC6M8Srcb_9uaQP&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCcQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=the%20economic%20failure%20of%20Tito’s%20system&f=false Croatia: A History] by Ivo Goldstein. (p187)</ref> His presidency and leadership were authoritarian and totalitarian <ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=4t5gBayTeDQC&pg=PA214&dq=Yugoslavia+Totalitarian+state&hl=en&ei=CJ_eS7HuF8uLkAXJxd3PBw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=9&ved=0CFYQ6AEwCDgU#v=onepage&q=Yugoslavia%20Totalitarian%20state&f=false Titoism in Action: The Reforms in Yugoslavia After 1948] by Fred Warner Neal.  
 
*"He promoted self-management but never gave up on the party’s monopoly of power. He permitted broad freedoms in science, art, and culture that were unheard of in the Soviet bloc, but he kept excoriating the West. He preached peaceful coexistence but built an army that, in 1991, delivered the coup de grace to the dying Yugoslav state. At his death, the '''state treasury''' was '''empty''' and political opportunists unchecked." </ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwone/yugoslavia_03.shtml|title='''BBC'''-History by Tim Judah}}</ref> <ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=pSxJdE4MYo4C&pg=PA187&dq=Ivo+Goldstein++Tito&hl=en&ei=ighBTLC6M8Srcb_9uaQP&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCcQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=the%20economic%20failure%20of%20Tito’s%20system&f=false Croatia: A History] by Ivo Goldstein. (p187)</ref> His presidency and leadership were authoritarian and totalitarian <ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=4t5gBayTeDQC&pg=PA214&dq=Yugoslavia+Totalitarian+state&hl=en&ei=CJ_eS7HuF8uLkAXJxd3PBw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=9&ved=0CFYQ6AEwCDgU#v=onepage&q=Yugoslavia%20Totalitarian%20state&f=false Titoism in Action: The Reforms in Yugoslavia After 1948] by Fred Warner Neal.  
Line 104: Line 104:  
* '''Christopher Bennett''' <ref>'''Christopher Bennett''': "A British journalist who has the good fortune to speak both Slovenian, Croatian and Serbian, a skill that has enabled him to draw heavily on literature of the region that would be unavailable to most American or British journalists."</ref> on Tito's activities in the 1930's:
 
* '''Christopher Bennett''' <ref>'''Christopher Bennett''': "A British journalist who has the good fortune to speak both Slovenian, Croatian and Serbian, a skill that has enabled him to draw heavily on literature of the region that would be unavailable to most American or British journalists."</ref> on Tito's activities in the 1930's:
 
{{Cquote|''Foreign communists were far from immune to the purges and most leading Yugoslav communists perished in these years. However, the purges gave Tito his break and catapulted him to the top of the Yugoslav Communist Party in 1937. Only the most committed Stalinist could have prospered in the 1930’s in the way Tito did.''<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=FeiKg3TuNl0C&pg=PA57&dq=titoism&client=safari&cd=9#v=onepage&q=cpy&f= Yugoslavia's Bloody Collapse: Causes, Course and Consequences] by Christopher Bennett. (p57)</ref>}}
 
{{Cquote|''Foreign communists were far from immune to the purges and most leading Yugoslav communists perished in these years. However, the purges gave Tito his break and catapulted him to the top of the Yugoslav Communist Party in 1937. Only the most committed Stalinist could have prospered in the 1930’s in the way Tito did.''<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=FeiKg3TuNl0C&pg=PA57&dq=titoism&client=safari&cd=9#v=onepage&q=cpy&f= Yugoslavia's Bloody Collapse: Causes, Course and Consequences] by Christopher Bennett. (p57)</ref>}}
      
== Tito & the West ==
 
== Tito & the West ==
7,882

edits