Changes

==If we put aside political correctness, concerning Korcula's history-Article Prep==

==If we put aside political correctness, concerning Korcula's history-Article Prep==

The region of the former Yugoslavia-West Balkans has problems with interpreting multicultural and ''multiethnic'' history (& societies). If we put aside political correctness, one could ask the question what '''happened''' to the ''Roman-Latin'' families  in the 7th century when the Slavs invaded? The Slavic tribes invaded [[Directory:Fausto Veranzio#Dalmatian|Dalmatia]] province of the ''Eastern Roman Empire'' (Byzantine).

 

In 1918 Korčula <ref>In Croatian the c in Korcula is pronounced ''ch'' and is written "'''č'''".</ref> (then called Curzola)  was part of Dalmatia. Dalmatia was a province in the [[Austria|Austro]]-Hungarian Empire and was already more than a century old. Dalmatia itself as a region, dates back to the Roman Empire which was well before the Slavic invasions of the 7th century. According to the Austrian censuses it was predominately made up of [[Croatia|Croatians]] and [[Italy|Italians]] (and other minorities). With the disintegration of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in 1918, Serbia started occupying the region (Italy did the same). This was part of the ''Treaty of Rapallo''.<ref> '''Encyclopedia Britannica'''-Dalmatia:

 

The new kingdom had the support of Great Britain and [[France]], who were the superpowers of the day. In retrospect this was a tragic move, one that the [[United States]] was against. The effects of this political stupidity are still felt today. It is interesting how this newly created state “Kingdom of Serbia, Croatia & Slovenia”, which later became better know as the '''ill fated''' Yugoslavia, was given a lot of support over the succeeding decades. This part of European history surely needs more academic attention.

 

It appears to me that the region (former Yugoslavia-West Balkans) has problems with interpreting multicultural and ''multiethnic'' history (& societies).  

*'''Quote''' by  contemporary historian Danijel Dzino: {{Cquote| ''Medieval studies in Croatia and in most of the former Yugoslav space were firmly rooted in political history and suffered from isolationism and lack of interest in foreign scholarship.  In the [[Titoism and Totalitarianism|communist era]], especially after the 1960s, Marxist ideology and national and Yugoslav political-ideological frameworks  strongly impacted on the research into medieval history in Croatia '' <ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=6UbOtJcF8rQC&pg=PA43&dq=Becoming+Slav,+Becoming+Croat:+Identity+Transformations+in+Post-Roman+Medieval+studies+in+croatia&hl=en&ei=aEVLTZXLC5GevgPU26QW&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false Becoming Slav, Becoming Croat: Identity Transformations in Post-Roman and and Early Medieval Dalmatia]  by Danijel Dzino (p43)</ref>}}If we put aside political correctness, one could ask the question what '''happened''' to the ''Roman-Latin'' families  in the 7th century when the Slavs invaded? The Slavic tribes invaded [[Directory:Fausto Veranzio#Dalmatian|Dalmatia]] province of the ''Eastern Roman Empire'' (Byzantine).

===Events===

===Events===

Events could have unfolded (& most probably did) which led to them being attacked and killed. The survivors could have fled from Korčula to Ragusa (Dubrovnik), then a place of refuge. Maybe some survived and remained on the island. Judging by what happened to the Roman cities of Dalmatia; ''Epidaurum'', ''Narona'' and ''Salona'' (which were then part of the Eastern Roman Empire-Byzantine), these towns were '''destroyed'''. The Avari participated in these events too. This pattern of aggression of the Slavic tribes in conquering new territory must have continued during the following decades (& centuries) of the dark ages (even in more modern times). In this historic period it is recorded that many of the churches on the island of Korčula were destroyed (then rebuilt at a later stage). <ref>According to recent studies done at the University of Zadar,  Slavs on the island of Korčula accepted Christianity fully in the 14th century.  Reference from: University of Zadar-Sociogeographic Transformation of the Western Part of Korcula Island by Lena Mirosevic-2008/page 161</ref>

Events could have unfolded (& most probably did) which led to them being attacked and killed. The survivors could have fled from Korčula to Ragusa (Dubrovnik), then a place of refuge. Maybe some survived and remained on the island. The Roman cities of Dalmatia; ''Epidaurum'', ''Narona'' and ''Salona'' (which were then part of the Eastern Roman Empire-Byzantine), these towns were destroyed or just abandoned. The Avari participated in these events too. In this historic period it is recorded that many of the churches on the island of Korčula were destroyed (then rebuilt at a later stage). <ref>According to recent studies done at the University of Zadar,  Slavs on the island of Korčula accepted Christianity fully in the 14th century.  Reference from: University of Zadar-Sociogeographic Transformation of the Western Part of Korcula Island by Lena Mirosevic-2008/page 161</ref> According to [[Directory:Historical Compendium of the Island of Korcula|''Historical Compendium of the Island of Korcula'']]  (by Nikola Ostoic) the Latin-Roman families survived. They spoke the ''Romance language''-'''Dalmatian'''.

 

According to [[Directory:Historical Compendium of the Island of Korcula|''Historical Compendium of the Island of Korcula'']]  (by Nikola Ostoic) the Latin-Roman families survived. They spoke the ''Romance language''-'''Dalmatian'''.

The new population likely settled in the centre of the island (near the village Čara) they spoke '''Chakavian-Croatian'''. The centre of the island had its strategic qualities which allowed protection on all sides from attack by sea. It also had fertile land which allowed cultivation.  After the invasion of Slavic tribes the region stabilised to a certain extent. The ''Eastern Roman Empire'' (Byzantine) and the ''Republic of Venice''  started to exert a political influence over the region and it’s new peoples. These events have been recorded historically by both Empires in chronicles of the time.

The new population likely settled in the centre of the island (near the village Čara) they spoke '''Chakavian-Croatian'''. The centre of the island had its strategic qualities which allowed protection on all sides from attack by sea. It also had fertile land which allowed cultivation.  After the invasion of Slavic tribes the region stabilised to a certain extent. The ''Eastern Roman Empire'' (Byzantine) and the ''Republic of Venice''  started to exert a political influence over the region and it’s new peoples. These events have been recorded historically by both Empires in chronicles of the time.

Dalmatians of Latin ancestry brought ''Mediterranean cultural'' to the Slavs. Christianity was one aspect of this. In essence Slavs-Croatians on the island were '''Romanized'''.

Dalmatians of Latin ancestry brought ''Mediterranean cultural'' to the Slavs. Christianity was one aspect of this. In essence Slavs-Croatians on the island were '''Romanized'''.

The 19th century theories concerning the '''identity''' of these early Slavs is flawed. The latest scholarly & archaeological research states that the Slavs of Southern Dalmatian were identified as neither Croatians or Serbs. They were called Slavs (Dalmatian Slavs).  

The 19th century theories concerning the '''identity''' of these early Slavs is flawed. The latest scholarly & archaeological research states that the Slavs of Southern Dalmatian were identified as neither Croatians or Serbs. They were called Slavs (Dalmatian Slavs) or referred to themselves as ''Dalmatian''.  

''Signor Arneri'' stated: Historic quote taken from ''Researches on the Danube and the Adriatic'': By Andrew Archibald Paton. Chapter 4. The Dalmatian Archipelago.p164 (1861)

''Signor Arneri'' stated: Historic quote taken from ''Researches on the Danube and the Adriatic'': By Andrew Archibald Paton. Chapter 4. The Dalmatian Archipelago.p164 (1861)

{{Cquote|''These three pears you see on the wall," said he, "are the arms of my family. Perussich was the name, when, in the earlier part of the fifteenth century, my ancestors  built this palace; so that, you see, I am '''Dalmatian'''. All the family, fathers, sons, and brothers, used to serve in the fleets of the Republic (Republic of Venice); but the hero of our race was ''Arneri Perussich'', whose statue you see there, who fought, bled, and died at the''' Siege of Candia''', whose memory was honoured by the Republic, and whose surviving family was liberally pensioned; so his name of our race. We became Arneri, and ceased to be Perussich''<ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=LUFlza-oCV0C&pg=PA164&dq=These+three+pears+you+see+on+the+wall,%22+said+he,+%22are+the+arms+of+my+family.+Perussich+was+the+name,&hl=en&ei=Q2NCTNiSCJLqvQO8y9DIDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=These%20three%20pears%20you%20see%20on%20the%20wall%2C%22%20said%20he%2C%20%22are%20the%20arms%20of%20my%20family.%20Perussich%20was%20the%20name%2C&f=false Researches on the Danube and the Adriatic:] By Andrew Archibald Paton. Chapter 4. The Dalmatian Archipelago.p164

{{Cquote|''These three pears you see on the wall," said he, "are the arms of my family. Perussich was the name, when, in the earlier part of the fifteenth century, my ancestors  built this palace; so that, you see, I am '''Dalmatian'''. All the family, fathers, sons, and brothers, used to serve in the fleets of the Republic (Republic of Venice); but the hero of our race was ''Arneri Perussich'', whose statue you see there, who fought, bled, and died at the''' Siege of Candia''', whose memory was honoured by the Republic, and whose surviving family was liberally pensioned; so his name of our race. We became Arneri, and ceased to be Perussich''<ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=LUFlza-oCV0C&pg=PA164&dq=These+three+pears+you+see+on+the+wall,%22+said+he,+%22are+the+arms+of+my+family.+Perussich+was+the+name,&hl=en&ei=Q2NCTNiSCJLqvQO8y9DIDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=These%20three%20pears%20you%20see%20on%20the%20wall%2C%22%20said%20he%2C%20%22are%20the%20arms%20of%20my%20family.%20Perussich%20was%20the%20name%2C&f=false Researches on the Danube and the Adriatic:] By Andrew Archibald Paton. Chapter 4. The Dalmatian Archipelago.p164

* Andrew Archibald Paton (1811-1874) was a British diplomat and writer from the 19 century.</ref>}}

* Andrew Archibald Paton (1811-1874) was a British diplomat and writer from the 19 century.</ref> (According to Marinko Gjivoje, Perussich is ''Piruzović''.) <ref>Otok Korčula (2nd edition) by [http://esperanto.net/literaturo/autor/gjivoje.html Marinko Gjivoje], Zagreb 1969.  

(According to Marinko Gjivoje, Perussich is ''Piruzović''.) <ref>Otok Korčula (2nd edition) by [http://esperanto.net/literaturo/autor/gjivoje.html Marinko Gjivoje], Zagreb 1969.  

*The book outlines A-Z about the island of Korčula, from traditions, history, culture to wildlife, politics & geography. Page 46-47: ''Piruzović ''. </ref>}}

*The book outlines A-Z about the island of Korčula, from traditions, history, culture to wildlife, politics & geography. Page 46-47: ''Piruzović ''. </ref>

Funny that considering what has happened historically to the region in the last 60 - 70 years. It actually makes perfect sense that the original Slav settlers were identified and identified themselves as Slavs. Later the Slavic peoples started to identify themselves into separate ethnic groups which is perfectly normal. It seems that in Dalmatia the Slavic identity lasted much longer.

Funny that considering what has happened historically to the region in the last 60 - 70 years. It actually makes perfect sense that the original Slav settlers were identified and identified themselves as Slavs. Later the Slavic peoples started to identify themselves into separate ethnic groups which is perfectly normal. It seems that in Dalmatia the Slavic identity lasted much longer.

* Gabrijeliċ - originally '''Gabriel'''  

* Gabrijeliċ - originally '''Gabriel'''  

*Đunio - originally de '''Giunio'''

*Đunio - originally de '''Giunio'''

===Korčula Dialect===

===Korčula Dialect===

[[Korcula Dialect|Korčula Dialect]] ''(or Korčulanski)'' is a Croatian dialect from the island of Korčula in Croatia. According to the Croatian Anthropological Society in their Collegium Antropologicum  (Volumes 15-16) the language base of the Korčula dialect is Chakavian Croatian (it is also intermixed with Shokavian).<ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?ei=WmNGTPzMH4GyvgPGq_i4Ag&ct=result&id=KZMjAQAAIAAJ&dq=Dalmatian+language+korcula&q=korcula#search_anchor Collegium Antropologicum, Volumes 15-16] by Croatian Anthropological Society-1991.Pages 312 & 318.</ref> The dialect has remnants of the extinct Romance language, ''Dalmatian''. <ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=KZMjAQAAIAAJ&q=Dalmatian+language+korcula&dq=Dalmatian+language+korcula&hl=en&ei=WmNGTPzMH4GyvgPGq_i4Ag&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CDUQ6AEwAQ Collegium Antropologicum, Volumes 15-16] by Croatian Anthropological Society-1991. Page 311.</ref> The Dalmatian remnants within the dialect have been referred to as Corzulot. Additionally it has influences of Venetian:

[[Korcula Dialect|Korčula Dialect]] ''(or Korčulanski)'' is a Croatian dialect from the island of Korčula in Croatia. According to the Croatian Anthropological Society in their Collegium Antropologicum  (Volumes 15-16) the language base of the Korčula dialect is Chakavian Croatian (it is also intermixed with Shokavian).<ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?ei=WmNGTPzMH4GyvgPGq_i4Ag&ct=result&id=KZMjAQAAIAAJ&dq=Dalmatian+language+korcula&q=korcula#search_anchor Collegium Antropologicum, Volumes 15-16] by Croatian Anthropological Society-1991.Pages 312 & 318.</ref> The dialect has remnants of the extinct Romance language, ''Dalmatian''. <ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=KZMjAQAAIAAJ&q=Dalmatian+language+korcula&dq=Dalmatian+language+korcula&hl=en&ei=WmNGTPzMH4GyvgPGq_i4Ag&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CDUQ6AEwAQ Collegium Antropologicum, Volumes 15-16] by Croatian Anthropological Society-1991. Page 311.</ref> The Dalmatian remnants within the dialect have been referred to as Corzulot. Additionally it has influences of Venetian:

* šufit/ attic ''or'' loft - Venetian: sofìta

* šufit/ attic ''or'' loft - Venetian: sofìta

</div>

</div>

== Historic classifies of Korčula's political life in the following phases==

== Historic classifies of Korčula's political life in the following phases==

* Indigenous population of Korčula were '''Illyrians'''.<ref>The Cambridge Ancient History Vol. 11 : The High Empire, AD 70-192 by Peter Rathbone</ref> It is believed that the Illyrians arrived in the Balkans approximately 1000 BC.<ref>The Illyrians (The Peoples of Europe) by John Wilkes,ISBN 0631198075-1996</ref>

* Indigenous population of Korčula were '''Illyrians'''.<ref>The Cambridge Ancient History Vol. 11 : The High Empire, AD 70-192 by Peter Rathbone</ref> It is believed that the Illyrians arrived in the Balkans approximately 1000 BC.<ref>The Illyrians (The Peoples of Europe) by John Wilkes,ISBN 0631198075-1996</ref>

* Second Slavic (Croatian) migration in 17th & 18th century.

* Second Slavic (Croatian) migration in 17th & 18th century.

Korčula originally a Latin town. Latter became Latin/Slavic (Croatian), latter the Venitians arrived. Čara originally a Slavic village. ''Interesting'': Čara used to be called Hara. The [[Austria|Austria]]-Hungary census registered Čara's name as Kcara.

Korčula originally a Latin town. Latter became Latin/Slavic (Croatian), latter the Venitians arrived. Čara originally a Slavic village. ''Interesting'': Čara used to be called Hara. The [[Austria|Austria]]-Hungary census registered Čara's name as Kcara.

== Penny cyclopaedia of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge  ==

== Penny cyclopaedia of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge  ==

(Volume 8-Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge Great Britain - 1837)

(Volume 8-Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge Great Britain - 1837)