Changes

* An Addition to the Research of the Problem of Bleiburg & '''Way of the Cross'''. This paper dedicated to the 60th anniversary of these tragic events represents a small step towards the elaboration of known data and brings a list of yet unknown and unpublished original documents, mostly belonging to the '''Yugoslavian Military''' and Political Government 1945-1947. Amongst those documents are those mostly relating to Croatian territory although a majority of [[Talk:Titoism and Totalitarianism#Labour Camps and Communist Concentration Camps in Slovenia (a former republic of Yugoslavia)|concentration camps]] and execution sites were outside of Croatia, in other parts of Yugoslavia. The author hopes that the readers will receive a complete picture about events related to ''Bleiburg'' and the ''Way of The Cross'' and the suffering of numerous [[Croatia|Croats]], which is confirmed directly in many documents and is related to the execution of a person or a whole group of people and sometimes non-stop for days.</ref> ''Bleiburg'' <ref>Webster's Quotations, Facts and Phrases by Inc Icon Group International</ref><ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=ZK2WE_2H3UEC&pg=PA168&dq=Bleiburg+massacre&hl=en&ei=kbsiTJ-MDIHJcc2kzIkF&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CDQQ6AEwAzge#v=onepage&q&f=false Identity Politics in the Age of Genocide:] The Holocaust and Historical ''by'' David B. MacDonald. Page 168.  

* An Addition to the Research of the Problem of Bleiburg & '''Way of the Cross'''. This paper dedicated to the 60th anniversary of these tragic events represents a small step towards the elaboration of known data and brings a list of yet unknown and unpublished original documents, mostly belonging to the '''Yugoslavian Military''' and Political Government 1945-1947. Amongst those documents are those mostly relating to Croatian territory although a majority of [[Talk:Titoism and Totalitarianism#Labour Camps and Communist Concentration Camps in Slovenia (a former republic of Yugoslavia)|concentration camps]] and execution sites were outside of Croatia, in other parts of Yugoslavia. The author hopes that the readers will receive a complete picture about events related to ''Bleiburg'' and the ''Way of The Cross'' and the suffering of numerous [[Croatia|Croats]], which is confirmed directly in many documents and is related to the execution of a person or a whole group of people and sometimes non-stop for days.</ref> ''Bleiburg'' <ref>Webster's Quotations, Facts and Phrases by Inc Icon Group International</ref><ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=ZK2WE_2H3UEC&pg=PA168&dq=Bleiburg+massacre&hl=en&ei=kbsiTJ-MDIHJcc2kzIkF&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CDQQ6AEwAzge#v=onepage&q&f=false Identity Politics in the Age of Genocide:] The Holocaust and Historical ''by'' David B. MacDonald. Page 168.  

* "The Partisans also carried out massacres, best known being at '''Bleiburg''' (Austria), where retreating Croatian and Slovenian forces and their families were massacred."</ref><ref>'''Bleiburg Massacre''':

* "The Partisans also carried out massacres, best known being at '''Bleiburg''' (Austria), where retreating Croatian and Slovenian forces and their families were massacred."</ref><ref>'''Bleiburg Massacre''':

* "Among the Croats were real or alleged members or collaborators of the fascist regime. Killings were done presumably with the full knowledge of their supreme commander [[Directory:Josip Broz Tito|Josip Broz Tito]] to The majority of the Croats were members or collaborators of the fascist regime, although there were many frightened innocent people, however, these two were inextricably mixed and the pursuing Partisans appear to have unfortunately labelled them all as traitors since they were fleeing with the fascist units that were attempting to surrender to British forces in [[Austria]]. Apart from Croats, present in the fleeing military columns were remaining units of the Serbian Chetniks and the Slovenian Bela Garda, the vast majority of both were killed as well. The British forces refused to accept the Ustasa's surrender as per the Allied agreement and they were prevented from entering the British occupied areas."</ref>  and ''Foibe massacres''.<ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=hhD0R8DBr_UC&pg=PR12&dq=A+tragedy+revealed:+the+story+of+the+Italian+population+of+Istria,+Dalmatia+Foibe+massacres&hl=en&ei=PJI9TZ6vMoP5cb3LlIYH&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCYQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false  A Tragedy Revealed''] The Story of the Italian Population of Istria & Dalmatia by Arrigo Petacco. (Page xii)</ref><ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=5s-Iqn0YxnQC&pg=PA77&dq=Foibe+massacres&hl=en&ei=Tps9Tb6wNY35cbTZmYUH&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CDUQ6AEwBDgU#v=onepage&q=Foibe%20massacres&f=false The Frontiers of Europe] ''by'' Malcolm Anderson &  Eberhard Bort (p77)</ref><ref>[http://miran.pecenik.com/ts/balkan/balkan6.htm Where the Balkans Begin (The Slovenes in Triest-The Foiba Story)] by Bernard Meares:

* "Among the Croats were real or alleged members or collaborators of the fascist regime. The Croats were members or collaborators of the fascist regime, although there were many frightened innocent people, however, these two were inextricably mixed and the pursuing Partisans appear to have unfortunately labelled them all as traitors since they were fleeing with the fascist units that were attempting to surrender to British forces in [[Austria]]. Apart from Croats, present in the fleeing military columns were remaining units of the Serbian Chetniks and the Slovenian Bela Garda, the vast majority of both were killed as well. The British forces refused to accept the Ustasa's surrender as per the Allied agreement and they were prevented from entering the British occupied areas."</ref>  and ''Foibe massacres''.<ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=hhD0R8DBr_UC&pg=PR12&dq=A+tragedy+revealed:+the+story+of+the+Italian+population+of+Istria,+Dalmatia+Foibe+massacres&hl=en&ei=PJI9TZ6vMoP5cb3LlIYH&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCYQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false  A Tragedy Revealed''] The Story of the Italian Population of Istria & Dalmatia by Arrigo Petacco. (Page xii)</ref><ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=5s-Iqn0YxnQC&pg=PA77&dq=Foibe+massacres&hl=en&ei=Tps9Tb6wNY35cbTZmYUH&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CDUQ6AEwBDgU#v=onepage&q=Foibe%20massacres&f=false The Frontiers of Europe] ''by'' Malcolm Anderson &  Eberhard Bort (p77)</ref><ref>[http://miran.pecenik.com/ts/balkan/balkan6.htm Where the Balkans Begin (The Slovenes in Triest-The Foiba Story)] by Bernard Meares:

*"During the early Communist occupation in Trieste, Gorizia and the Littoral, and the 40 days of [[Communists|Communist]] rule in Trieste city, some 6000 arrests were made and the prisoners carried off to Communist-controlled areas. When the Allies finally imposed their rule they found out about the '''Yugoslav execution''' squads. The more objective Italian historians and statisticians such as Galliano Fogar and Raoul Pupo point to between 1000 and 1800 [[Italy|Italians]] and [[Slovenia|Slovene]] victims. The '''Red Cross''' estimates that 2,250 failed to return , in rough agreement with Bogdan Novak who said in 1971 that 4200 Italians returned out of 6000 arrested." </ref>  

*"During the early Communist occupation in Trieste, Gorizia and the Littoral, and the 40 days of [[Communists|Communist]] rule in Trieste city, some 6000 arrests were made and the prisoners carried off to Communist-controlled areas. When the Allies finally imposed their rule they found out about the '''Yugoslav execution''' squads. The more objective Italian historians and statisticians such as Galliano Fogar and Raoul Pupo point to between 1000 and 1800 [[Italy|Italians]] and [[Slovenia|Slovene]] victims. The '''Red Cross''' estimates that 2,250 failed to return , in rough agreement with Bogdan Novak who said in 1971 that 4200 Italians returned out of 6000 arrested." </ref>  

{{Cquote|''After the armistice the British repatriated more than 10,000 Slovene collaborators who had attempted to retreat with the Germans, and Tito had most of them '''massacred''' at the infamous Pits of Kocevje.'' <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/549081/Slovenia|title="Slovenia." '''Encyclopædia Britannica'''. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica, 2011. Tue. 25 Jan. 2011. |date=[[2011]]|accessdate=2011-01-25}}</ref>}}

{{Cquote|''After the armistice the British repatriated more than 10,000 Slovene collaborators who had attempted to retreat with the Germans, and Tito had most of them '''massacred''' at the infamous Pits of Kocevje.'' <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/549081/Slovenia|title="Slovenia." '''Encyclopædia Britannica'''. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica, 2011. Tue. 25 Jan. 2011. |date=[[2011]]|accessdate=2011-01-25}}</ref>}}

Additionally there is the ethnic cleansing of [[Italy|Italians]], [[Directory:Germany|Germans]] and [[Hungary|Hungarians]]  of the former Yugoslavia.<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=lang_en&id=RWZLZaxPUXQC&oi=fnd&pg=PA8&ots=xdn2wNxBWP&sig=WN_VKCu5q6lVUOsSoxHdPJGiB-w#v=snippet&q=killed&f=false Communist Retaliation and Persecution on Yugoslav Territory During and After WWII] by Dr. Ph. Michael Portmann:

Additionally there is the ethnic cleansing of [[Italy|Italians]], [[Directory:Germany|Germans]] and [[Hungary|Hungarians]]  of the former Yugoslavia.<ref>[http://www.enotes.com/genocide-encyclopedia/yugoslavia  www.enotes.com "Yugoslavia." Genocide and '''Crimes Against Humanity'''. Ed. Dinah L. Shelton. Gale Cengage, 2005. eNotes.com. 2006. 26 Jun, 2010] Yugoslavia: Genocide & Crimes Against Humanity-Mark Thompson.

*The following article deals with repressive measures undertaken by communist-dominated Partisan forces during and especially after [[World War Two]] in order to take revenge on former enemies, to punish collaborators, and “people’s enemies“ and to decimate and eliminate the potential of opponents to a new, socialist Yugoslavia. The text represents a summary of a master thesis referring to the above-mentioned topic written and accepted at '''Vienna University''' in 2002</ref><ref>[http://www.enotes.com/genocide-encyclopedia/yugoslavia  www.enotes.com "Yugoslavia." Genocide and '''Crimes Against Humanity'''. Ed. Dinah L. Shelton. Gale Cengage, 2005. eNotes.com. 2006. 26 Jun, 2010] Yugoslavia: Genocide & Crimes Against Humanity-Mark Thompson.

*The killing continued after the war, as [[Directory:Josip Broz Tito|Tito's]] victorious forces took revenge on their real and perceived enemies. British forces in Austria turned back tens of thousands of fleeing Yugoslavs. Estimates range from 30,000 to 55,000 killed between spring and autumn 1945.

*The killing continued after the war, as [[Directory:Josip Broz Tito|Tito's]] victorious forces took revenge on their real and perceived enemies. British forces in Austria turned back tens of thousands of fleeing Yugoslavs. Estimates range from 30,000 to 55,000 killed between spring and autumn 1945.

*"Native [[Germany|German]] and Hungarian communities, seen as complicit with wartime occupation, were brutally treated; tantamount in some cases to ethnic cleansing. The Volksdeutsch settlements of Vojvodina and Slavonia largely disappeared. Perhaps 100,000 people—half the ethnic German population in Yugoslavia—fled in 1945, and many who remained were compelled to do forced Labour, murdered, or later ransomed by West Germany. Some 20,000 Hungarians of Vojvodina were killed in reprisals. Albanian rebellions in Kosovo were suppressed, with prisoners sent on death marches towards the coast. An estimated 170,000 ethnic [[Italy|Italians]] fled to Italy in the late 1940s and 1950s. (All of these figures are highly approximate.)"</ref> One only has to mention [[Titoism and Totalitarianism#Goli Otok|Goli Otok]], a notorious prison on the Croatian coast (former Yugoslavia’s Evil Island-Gulag). The terror campaign lasted for about twenty years until the regime introduced reforms in the 1960's.

*"Native [[Germany|German]] and Hungarian communities, seen as complicit with wartime occupation, were brutally treated; tantamount in some cases to ethnic cleansing. The Volksdeutsch settlements of Vojvodina and Slavonia largely disappeared. Perhaps 100,000 people—half the ethnic German population in Yugoslavia—fled in 1945, and many who remained were compelled to do forced Labour, murdered, or later ransomed by West Germany. Some 20,000 Hungarians of Vojvodina were killed in reprisals. Albanian rebellions in Kosovo were suppressed, with prisoners sent on death marches towards the coast. An estimated 170,000 ethnic [[Italy|Italians]] fled to Italy in the late 1940s and 1950s. (All of these figures are highly approximate.)"</ref> <ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=mqFyQhi5FFAC&pg=PA181&dq=Ethnic+cleansing+of+Germans,+Hungarians+and+Italians+Yugoslavia&hl=en&ei=VqqmTNSYAoPmvQOChdnnDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=7&ved=0CEIQ6AEwBg#v=onepage&q=Ethnic%20cleansing%20of%20Germans%2C%20Hungarians%20and%20Italians%20Yugoslavia&f=false Ethnic Conflict: Causes, Consequences, and Responses] by Karl Cordell & Stefan Wolff (p181)</ref><ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=5s-Iqn0YxnQC&pg=PA77&dq=Foibe+massacres&hl=en&ei=Tps9Tb6wNY35cbTZmYUH&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CDUQ6AEwBDgU#v=onepage&q=Foibe%20massacres&f=false The Frontiers of Europe] ''by'' Malcolm Anderson &  Eberhard Bort (p77)</ref>One only has to mention [[Titoism and Totalitarianism#Goli Otok|Goli Otok]], <ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=FTw3lEqi2-oC&pg=PA179&dq=Andrija+Hebrang+purge&cd=4#v=onepage&q=goli%20otok&f=false The Three Yugoslavias: State-building and Legitimation, 1918-2005] by Sabrina P. Ramet. (p377).</ref><ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=RIIX4PCkduwC&pg=PA377&dq=Discontents:+Postmodern+and+Post-communist+(2002)+tito.&hl=en&ei=-73DS_ikK4zk7APE7vGzCQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CDYQ6AEwAA#v=snippet&q=goli%20otok&f=false Discontents: Postmodern and Postcommunist] by Paul Hollander. (p397)</ref><ref>[http://www.goliotok.com/ Goli Otok: Yugoslavia’s Evil Island Gulag]  '''Josip Zoretic'''-Political prisoner of the former Yugoslavia's most notorious prison. Goli Otok: Hell in the Adriatic (book) by Josip Zoretic</ref><ref>'''Vera Winter'''– Croatian Economist. Political prisoner of the former Yugoslavia's prison, Goli Otok. '''Interview''': [[BBC]] 4/Tito's Ghosts</ref><ref>'''Alfred Pal'''- Croatian [[Art|Artist]]. Political prisoner of the former Yugoslavia's  prison, Goli Otok. '''Interview''': BBC 4/Tito's Ghosts</ref> a notorious prison on the Croatian coast (former Yugoslavia’s Evil Island-Gulag). The terror campaign lasted for about twenty years until the regime introduced reforms in the 1960's.

According to the recent '''European Public''' Hearing on “Crimes Committed by Totalitarian Regimes"<ref>[http://www.mp.gov.si/fileadmin/mp.gov.si/pageuploads/2005/PDF/publikacije/Crimes_committed_by_Totalitarian_Regimes.pdf '''European Public Hearing''' on "Crimes Committed by Totalitarian Regimes”] [[Slovenia|Slovenian]] Presidency of the Council of the [[European Union]] (January–June 2008) and the European Commission</ref> the former Communist Yugoslavia after [[World War Two]] was a Stalinist State (in its first 20 years of rule). It has a history of executing a rule of terror and political repression on a grand scale.<ref>Crimes Committed by Totalitarian Regimes- Reports and proceedings of the 8 April European public hearing on “Crimes committed by totalitarian regimes”, organised by the Slovenian Presidency of the Council of the [[European Union]] (January–June 2008) and the European Commission.  

According to the recent '''European Public''' Hearing on “Crimes Committed by Totalitarian Regimes"<ref>[http://www.mp.gov.si/fileadmin/mp.gov.si/pageuploads/2005/PDF/publikacije/Crimes_committed_by_Totalitarian_Regimes.pdf '''European Public Hearing''' on "Crimes Committed by Totalitarian Regimes”] [[Slovenia|Slovenian]] Presidency of the Council of the [[European Union]] (January–June 2008) and the European Commission</ref> the former Communist Yugoslavia after [[World War Two]] was a Stalinist State (in its first 20 years of rule). It has a history of executing a rule of terror and political repression on a grand scale.<ref>Crimes Committed by Totalitarian Regimes- Reports and proceedings of the 8 April European public hearing on “Crimes committed by totalitarian regimes”, organised by the Slovenian Presidency of the Council of the [[European Union]] (January–June 2008) and the European Commission.