Oxford University (Medieval) - Revision history

Ockham: /* References */

2009-02-15T20:59:07Z

References

Ockham: /* Merton College */

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Merton College

Ockham: /* Merton College */

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Merton College

Ockham: /* Merton College */

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Merton College

Ockham: /* Merton College */

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Merton College

Ockham: /* Balliol College */

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Balliol College

Ockham: /* Greyfriars */

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Greyfriars

Ockham at 12:35, 1 February 2009

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Ockham: /* Gloucester College */

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Gloucester College

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 * Bott, A. (1993). Merton College: A Short History of the Buildings. Oxford: Merton College. ISBN 0-9522314-0-9.
 * Andrew G. Little, ''[http://www.amazon.com/gp/reader/1425491324/ref=sib_dp_pt The Grey Friars In Oxford]''
 * Martin, G.H. & Highfield, J.R.L. (1997). A History of Merton College. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-920183-8.

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 Merton College was founded in the 1260's by Walter de Merton,  chancellor to Henry III and later to Edward I, afterwards Bishop of Rochester. Walter drew up statutes for an independent academic community and established endowments to support it.  By 1274 when Walter retired from royal service and made his final revisions to the college statutes, the community was consolidated at its present site in the south east corner of the city of Oxford, and a rapid programme of building commenced. The hall and the chapel and the rest of the front quad were complete before the end of the 13th century, but apart from the chapel they have all been much altered since.
-[[Duns Scotus]] is supposed to have studied or lectured at Merton, on account of the famous entry in a Merton College manuscript<ref>A note in Codex 66 of Merton College, Oxford, records that Scotus "flourished at Cambridge, Oxford and Paris</ref>. making it appear he was a member of that college and therefore a native of Northern England. However, the statutes of the college excluded monks; and as Scotus became a Franciscan when he was quite young he could not have belonged to the college prior to joining the order. It is more likely he was a member of Greyfriars (see below).
+[[Duns Scotus]] is supposed to have studied or lectured at Merton, on account of the famous entry in a Merton College manuscript<ref>A note in Codex 66 of Merton College, Oxford, records that Scotus "flourished at Cambridge, Oxford and Paris"</ref>. making it appear he was a member of that college and therefore a native of Northern England. However, the statutes of the college excluded monks; and as Scotus became a Franciscan when he was quite young he could not have belonged to the college prior to joining the order. It is more likely he was a member of Greyfriars (see below).
 == University College ==

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 Merton College was founded in the 1260's by Walter de Merton,  chancellor to Henry III and later to Edward I, afterwards Bishop of Rochester. Walter drew up statutes for an independent academic community and established endowments to support it.  By 1274 when Walter retired from royal service and made his final revisions to the college statutes, the community was consolidated at its present site in the south east corner of the city of Oxford, and a rapid programme of building commenced. The hall and the chapel and the rest of the front quad were complete before the end of the 13th century, but apart from the chapel they have all been much altered since.
-[[Duns Scotus]] is supposed to have studied or lectured at Merton, on account of the famous entry in the Merton College manuscript (no. 39) making it appear he was a member of that college and therefore a native of Northern England. However, the statutes of the college excluded monks; and as Scotus became a Franciscan when he was quite young he could not have belonged to the college prior to joining the order. It is more likely he was a member of Greyfriars (see below).
+[[Duns Scotus]] is supposed to have studied or lectured at Merton, on account of the famous entry in a Merton College manuscript<ref>A note in Codex 66 of Merton College, Oxford, records that Scotus "flourished at Cambridge, Oxford and Paris</ref>. making it appear he was a member of that college and therefore a native of Northern England. However, the statutes of the college excluded monks; and as Scotus became a Franciscan when he was quite young he could not have belonged to the college prior to joining the order. It is more likely he was a member of Greyfriars (see below).
 == University College ==

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 Merton College was founded in the 1260's by Walter de Merton,  chancellor to Henry III and later to Edward I, afterwards Bishop of Rochester. Walter drew up statutes for an independent academic community and established endowments to support it.  By 1274 when Walter retired from royal service and made his final revisions to the college statutes, the community was consolidated at its present site in the south east corner of the city of Oxford, and a rapid programme of building commenced. The hall and the chapel and the rest of the front quad were complete before the end of the 13th century, but apart from the chapel they have all been much altered since.
-[[Duns Scotus]] is supposed to have studied or lectured at Merton, on account of the famous entry in the Merton College manuscript (no. 39) making it appear he was a member of that college and therefore a native of Northern England. However, the statutes of the college excluded monks; and as Scotus became a Franciscan when he was quite younger he could not have belonged to the college previous to joining the order. It is more likely he was a member of Greyfriars (see below).
+[[Duns Scotus]] is supposed to have studied or lectured at Merton, on account of the famous entry in the Merton College manuscript (no. 39) making it appear he was a member of that college and therefore a native of Northern England. However, the statutes of the college excluded monks; and as Scotus became a Franciscan when he was quite young he could not have belonged to the college prior to joining the order. It is more likely he was a member of Greyfriars (see below).
 == University College ==

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:46, 1 February 2009
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	Merton College was founded in the 1260's by Walter de Merton, chancellor to Henry III and later to Edward I, afterwards Bishop of Rochester. Walter drew up statutes for an independent academic community and established endowments to support it. By 1274 when Walter retired from royal service and made his final revisions to the college statutes, the community was consolidated at its present site in the south east corner of the city of Oxford, and a rapid programme of building commenced. The hall and the chapel and the rest of the front quad were complete before the end of the 13th century, but apart from the chapel they have all been much altered since.		Merton College was founded in the 1260's by Walter de Merton, chancellor to Henry III and later to Edward I, afterwards Bishop of Rochester. Walter drew up statutes for an independent academic community and established endowments to support it. By 1274 when Walter retired from royal service and made his final revisions to the college statutes, the community was consolidated at its present site in the south east corner of the city of Oxford, and a rapid programme of building commenced. The hall and the chapel and the rest of the front quad were complete before the end of the 13th century, but apart from the chapel they have all been much altered since.
		+
		+	[[Duns Scotus]] is supposed to have studied or lectured at Merton, on account of the famous entry in the Merton College manuscript (no. 39) making it appear he was a member of that college and therefore a native of Northern England. However, the statutes of the college excluded monks; and as Scotus became a Franciscan when he was quite younger he could not have belonged to the college previous to joining the order. It is more likely he was a member of Greyfriars (see below).

	== University College ==		== University College ==

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 Balliol college was founded by John I de Balliol in about 1263, under the guidance of the Bishop of Durham. After his death in 1268, his widow, Dervorguilla of Galloway, made arrangements to ensure the permanence of the college. She provided capital, and in 1282, formulated the college statutes, documents that survive to this day.
-* Merton College was founded in the 1260's by Walter de Merton,  chancellor to Henry III and later to Edward I, afterwards Bishop of Rochester. Walter drew up statutes for an independent academic community and established endowments to support it.  By 1274 when Walter retired from royal service and made his final revisions to the college statutes, the community was consolidated at its present site in the south east corner of the city of Oxford, and a rapid programme of building commenced. The hall and the chapel and the rest of the front quad were complete before the end of the 13th century, but apart from the chapel they have all been much altered since.
 == University College ==

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 In 1225 Franciscan friars, the 'Greyfriars', found a house of studies in Oxford, in St Ebbes / Westgate.  Former students of this foundation include:
-** [[Hamo of Faversham]] (d.1244)
+* [[Hamo of Faversham]] (d.1244)
-** [[Alexander of Hales]], Doctor Irrefragabilis (c. 1170-1245)
+* [[Alexander of Hales]], Doctor Irrefragabilis (c. 1170-1245)
-** [[Adam Marsh]], MA (d. 1258)
+* [[Adam Marsh]], MA (d. 1258)
-** [[Robert Grosseteste]] (c.1175-1253)
+* [[Robert Grosseteste]] (c.1175-1253)
-** [[Roger Bacon]], DD, Doctor Mirabilis (c. 1214-1292)
+* [[Roger Bacon]], DD, Doctor Mirabilis (c. 1214-1292)
-** [[John Pecham|John of Peckham]], DD, (c.1225-1292)
+* [[John Pecham|John of Peckham]], DD, (c.1225-1292)
-** [[Thomas Docking]] (d.1270)
+* [[Thomas Docking]] (d.1270)
-** [[Duns Scotus|John Duns Scotus]], BD, DD, Doctor Subtilis (c. 1264-1308)
+* [[Duns Scotus|John Duns Scotus]], BD, DD, Doctor Subtilis (c. 1264-1308)
-** [[William of Ockham]], DD, Doctor Invincibilis (1288-1347)
+* [[William of Ockham]], DD, Doctor Invincibilis (1288-1347)
-* In 1281 Benedictine monks of Gloucester Cathedral founded a house of studies, Gloucester Hall (where Worcester College now stands). This is soon used by many Benedictine houses of the South and West.
-* 1286 Durham College (where Trinity College now stands) founded, a house of studies for the Benedictines of Durham Cathedral and the North.
+In 1281 Benedictine monks of Gloucester Cathedral founded a house of studies, Gloucester Hall (where Worcester College now stands). This is soon used by many Benedictine houses of the South and West. In 1286 Durham College (where Trinity College now stands) was founded, a house of studies for the Benedictines of Durham Cathedral and the North.
 == Gloucester College ==

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 The older monastic orders, encouraged by a decree of the Lateran Council of 1215, also began to found conventual schools at Oxford for their own members. The colleges of Worcester, Trinity, Christ Church, and St. John's are all the immediate successors of these Benedictine or Cistercian houses of study. Up to this time the secular students had lived as best they might in scattered lodgings hired from the townsmen; of discipline there was absolutely none, and riots and disorders between "town and gown" were of continual occurrence. The stimulus of the presence of so many scholars living under conventual discipline incited Walter de Merton, in 1264, to found a residential college, properly organized and supervised, for secular students. Merton College (to the model of which two institutions of somewhat earlier date, University and Balliol soon conformed themselves) was thus the prototype of the self-contained and autonomous colleges which, grouped together, make up the University of Oxford as it exists today. The succeeding half-century saw the foundation of ten additional colleges.
-* Balliol college was founded by John I de Balliol in about 1263, under the guidance of the Bishop of Durham. After his death in 1268, his widow, Dervorguilla of Galloway, made arrangements to ensure the permanence of the college. She provided capital, and in 1282, formulated the college statutes, documents that survive to this day.
+== Balliol College ==
 * Merton College was founded in the 1260's by Walter de Merton,  chancellor to Henry III and later to Edward I, afterwards Bishop of Rochester. Walter drew up statutes for an independent academic community and established endowments to support it.  By 1274 when Walter retired from royal service and made his final revisions to the college statutes, the community was consolidated at its present site in the south east corner of the city of Oxford, and a rapid programme of building commenced. The hall and the chapel and the rest of the front quad were complete before the end of the 13th century, but apart from the chapel they have all been much altered since.
-* University College was founded by William of Durham in 1249, to support ten masters. Until the 16th century was only open to Fellows studying theology.
-* Blackfriars was founded by Dominicans who arrived in Oxford on 15 August 1221, at the instruction of Saint Dominic himself, little more than a week after the friar's death. They establish themselves first in Jewish quarter, then move to area around Speedwell Street. The hall has some claim to be heir to the oldest tradition of teaching in Oxford. Like all the monastic houses in Oxford, Blackfriars came into rapid and repeated conflict with the University authorities, as the friars claimed all the rights and privileges of University membership but also claimed immunity from the University discipline or regulation.
+== University College ==
-* In 1225 Franciscan friars, the 'Greyfriars', found a house of studies in Oxford, in St Ebbes / Westgate.  Former students of this foundation include:
 ** [[Hamo of Faversham]] (d.1244)
 ** [[Alexander of Hales]], Doctor Irrefragabilis (c. 1170-1245)

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 The abbots who presided over the conference of the order requested the abbey of St. Peter, Gloucester, to take charge of this gift, and accordingly monks were sent from Gloucester under the charge of Henry de Heliun as prior; and in 1284 we find H. 'prior Oxonie,' voting as the prior of a cell of Gloucester<ref>Cartul. of Glouc. (Rolls Ser.), iii, 26.</ref>. In 1291, when John Giffard granted four more tenements, the conference of the Benedictine order decided that an independent priory should be established under Henry de Heliun as first prior, the patron saints being St. John the Evangelist and St. Benedict. The abbey of Gloucester released him from all subjection and renounced all special claim upon the premises; and in consequence the abbots of the order consented to make contributions towards the erection of buildings, on condition that they should have the privilege of sending monks to reside there for a course of study. Besides these temporary inmates there were to be other permanent members of the priory, probably monks who had taken their degrees; and when the office of prior became vacant both alike should have the privilege of voting, and whoever was chosen was to be presented to John Giffard or his heirs, as the founder and patron of the priory<ref>From Reyner, who obtained his facts from Cott. MS. Tib. E. iv, fols. 43, 44; Wood (Life and Times, iv, 105) thought the manuscript had additional facts, but in reality Reyner copied the whole.</ref>. It is clear, therefore, that Gloucester College was not, like Durham College, a cell of another house; and the title 'Gloucester' adhered to it merely because for the first eight years it was affiliated to Gloucester Abbey. On 6 July, 1291, an agreement was made between Oseney Abbey, which held the parish churches of St. Mary Magdalen, Saint George, and St. Thomas, and the prior 'of the monks of St. Benedict in Stockwell St.' that the priory, which was situated in these three parishes, should be exempt from tithe by a payment of 6s. 8d. a year<ref>MS. among muniments of Ch. Ch. Oxf.</ref>, and that the monks might build a chapel for their own use with the right of sepulture.
+At the Dissolution the property passed to the English Crown, then to the Bishop of Oxford in 1542 [2], who sold it to Sir Thomas Whyte. Whyte was the founder of St. John's College, Oxford, and Gloucester Hall, as it then became, was treated as an Annexe to St. John’s. The position changed only in the 18th century, when the college was refounded in 1714 by Richard Blechynden as Worcester College, Oxford. Oxford's Gloucester Green, which was opposite the old College, preserves the name.
 == References ==

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 * 1286 Durham College (where Trinity College now stands) founded, a house of studies for the Benedictines of Durham Cathedral and the North.
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 * Andrew G. Little, ''[http://www.amazon.com/gp/reader/1425491324/ref=sib_dp_pt The Grey Friars In Oxford]''
 * Martin, G.H. & Highfield, J.R.L. (1997). A History of Merton College. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-920183-8.
 == See also ==
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 == Links ==