Directory:Korcula History - Revision history

Peter Z.: /* See also */ fix

2024-12-06T08:10:47Z

Peter Z.: /* See also */ update

2024-12-06T08:10:16Z

Peter Z.: /* See also */

2024-12-06T08:08:22Z

Peter Z.: /* Editor's Notes */

2019-04-17T23:50:48Z

Editor's Notes

Peter Z.: there are no existing primary historical sources that actually described the event

2018-09-01T03:27:00Z

there are no existing primary historical sources that actually described the event

Peter Z.: /* Editor's Notes */

2018-08-28T06:12:13Z

Editor's Notes

Peter Z.: /* Miroslav, Nemanja and Costantino */

2018-08-18T09:30:14Z

Miroslav, Nemanja and Costantino

Peter Z.: /* Miroslav, Nemanja and Costantino */

2018-08-18T09:29:34Z

Miroslav, Nemanja and Costantino

Peter Z.: /* Chapter Two - Battles Sustained on the Island of Korcula */

2018-08-18T09:28:21Z

Chapter Two - Battles Sustained on the Island of Korcula

Peter Z.: /* External Links */ rv

2018-01-25T09:14:07Z

External Links: rv

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 * [[Defence of Korcula]]
 * [[Korcula Dialect]]
-* * [[Vallegrande Speak|Old Vela Luka Dialect]]
+* [[Vallegrande Speak|Old Vela Luka Dialect]]
 == Editor's Notes ==

@@ Line 83: / Line 83: @@
 * [[Defence of Korcula]]
 * [[Korcula Dialect]]
-* [[Vallegrande Speak]]
+* * [[Vallegrande Speak|Old Vela Luka Dialect]]
 == Editor's Notes ==

@@ Line 84: / Line 84: @@
 * [[Korcula Dialect]]
 * [[Vallegrande Speak]]
 == Editor's Notes ==

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 The date stated by Ostojic of Korčula's being confederated by the Narantani ''or'' Narentines has to be questioned. To this editor's knowledge there are no existing primary historical sources that actually described the event of Croatian Slavs invading and settling the island of Korcula in the middle ages. Also there are no contemporary written records about the invasion/migration about the events as a whole and from the area itself.
-The Narentines Slavs, which are referred today mainly as ''Neretvani'', were a nation of pirates. Firstly known as ''Arentanoi.''<ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=OJPfAAAAMAAJ&q=arentanoi&dq=arentanoi&hl=en&ei=bMt2TYb7J4ugvQODuaGFBQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CDoQ6AEwBA The Age of the Dromon:] The Byzantine Navy ca. 500-1204 by John H. Pryor & Elizabeth Jeffreys (p67)</ref> Modern scholarly research now puts the time of the invasion and settlement of the Slavic tribes in the Roman Dalmatia region to be much later.<ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=6UbOtJcF8rQC&pg=PA212&dq=immigration+Slav+groups+in+Dalmatia+Danijel+Dzino&hl=en&ei=ONB2Tf7SA4vevQOYybjLBQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CD0Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false Becoming Slav, Becoming Croat:] Identity Transformations in Post-Roman and Early Medieval Dalmatia by Danijel Dzino (p212).
+The Narentines Slavs, which are referred today mainly as ''Neretvani'', were a nation of pirates. Also known as ''Arentanoi.''<ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=OJPfAAAAMAAJ&q=arentanoi&dq=arentanoi&hl=en&ei=bMt2TYb7J4ugvQODuaGFBQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CDoQ6AEwBA The Age of the Dromon:] The Byzantine Navy ca. 500-1204 by John H. Pryor & Elizabeth Jeffreys (p67)</ref> Modern scholarly research now puts the time of the invasion and settlement of the Slavic tribes in the Roman Dalmatia region to be much later.<ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=6UbOtJcF8rQC&pg=PA212&dq=immigration+Slav+groups+in+Dalmatia+Danijel+Dzino&hl=en&ei=ONB2Tf7SA4vevQOYybjLBQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CD0Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false Becoming Slav, Becoming Croat:] Identity Transformations in Post-Roman and Early Medieval Dalmatia by Danijel Dzino (p212).
 * Danijel Dzino states that the 19 century theories of mass movements of people into the old Roman Province of Dalmatia are questionable. Modern Archaeological and Scholarly research seems to be saying that we are looking at much smaller groups of Slavs and Avars invading the region. The term Slav was first used by the Byzantines and was written in the 6th century in Greek (Σκλαβῖνοι-Sklabenoi). Later in [[Latin]] it was written ''Sclaveni''. According to Danijel Dzino the term Slavs was first used by outside observers of the day to describe the newcomers. The Slavs used the term to describe themselves at a later stage. Thus began the ''construct identity'' of the new arrivals. Later the Slavic peoples started to identify themselves and separated (or were separated by others) into different groups.
 </ref> Archaeological evidence found in the old Roman city of ''Salon'' and in particularly the artefacts found at the'' Old Croatian'' grave sites in Dalmatia (during recent excavations) seems to confirm this. The arrival and the '''main''' ''settlement'' of the Slavs by some has now been thought to be more in the region of the  8th century (not seventh century).<ref>Historians of this school of thought are D. Dzino, L.Margetic, Ancic, Rapanic and Sokol.</ref><ref>Note: The early sources must have reflected the '''raid''' activity of the Slavic tribes within Roman Dalmatia.</ref>

@@ Line 98: / Line 98: @@
 '''Note B'''. Nikola Ostojic wrote:''"Defeated and confederated by the Narantani from 642 to 999."''
-The date stated by Ostojic of Korčula's being confederated by the Narantani ''or'' Narentines has to be questioned. To this editor's knowledge there are no existing primary historical sources that actually described the event of Croatian Slavs invading and settling the island of Korcula in the middle ages. The Narentines Slavs, which are referred today mainly as ''Neretvani'', were a nation of pirates. Firstly known as ''Arentanoi.''<ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=OJPfAAAAMAAJ&q=arentanoi&dq=arentanoi&hl=en&ei=bMt2TYb7J4ugvQODuaGFBQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CDoQ6AEwBA The Age of the Dromon:] The Byzantine Navy ca. 500-1204 by John H. Pryor & Elizabeth Jeffreys (p67)</ref> Modern scholarly research now puts the time of the invasion and settlement of the Slavic tribes in the Roman Dalmatia region to be much later.<ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=6UbOtJcF8rQC&pg=PA212&dq=immigration+Slav+groups+in+Dalmatia+Danijel+Dzino&hl=en&ei=ONB2Tf7SA4vevQOYybjLBQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CD0Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false Becoming Slav, Becoming Croat:] Identity Transformations in Post-Roman and Early Medieval Dalmatia by Danijel Dzino (p212).
+The date stated by Ostojic of Korčula's being confederated by the Narantani ''or'' Narentines has to be questioned. To this editor's knowledge there are no existing primary historical sources that actually described the event of Croatian Slavs invading and settling the island of Korcula in the middle ages. Also there are no contemporary written records about the invasion/migration about the events as a whole and from the area itself.
 * Danijel Dzino states that the 19 century theories of mass movements of people into the old Roman Province of Dalmatia are questionable. Modern Archaeological and Scholarly research seems to be saying that we are looking at much smaller groups of Slavs and Avars invading the region. The term Slav was first used by the Byzantines and was written in the 6th century in Greek (Σκλαβῖνοι-Sklabenoi). Later in [[Latin]] it was written ''Sclaveni''. According to Danijel Dzino the term Slavs was first used by outside observers of the day to describe the newcomers. The Slavs used the term to describe themselves at a later stage. Thus began the ''construct identity'' of the new arrivals. Later the Slavic peoples started to identify themselves and separated (or were separated by others) into different groups.
 </ref> Archaeological evidence found in the old Roman city of ''Salon'' and in particularly the artefacts found at the'' Old Croatian'' grave sites in Dalmatia (during recent excavations) seems to confirm this. The arrival and the '''main''' ''settlement'' of the Slavs by some has now been thought to be more in the region of the  8th century (not seventh century).<ref>Historians of this school of thought are D. Dzino, L.Margetic, Ancic, Rapanic and Sokol.</ref><ref>Note: The early sources must have reflected the '''raid''' activity of the Slavic tribes within Roman Dalmatia.</ref>

@@ Line 63: / Line 63: @@
 [[File:85px-Coat of arms of Dalmatia crowned.svg.png|thumb|right|125px|Dalmatia's Coat of arms]]
 ===Miroslav, Nemanja and Costantino===
-Miroslav, Stefan Nemanja <ref>Stefan Nemanja  (c. 1114 – 13 February 1199) was a 12th-century Serb royalty, heir to the Vukanović dynasty and Grand Prince of medieval Raška from 1166 to 1196. Nemanja was from Ribnica in Zeta, present day Podgorica which is the capital of Montenegro.</ref> and Costantino, counts of Chelmo,<ref>Nobles of '''Raška''' who ruled Chelmo (Zahumlje). Raška was a medieval principality created by Serbian Slavs (Costantino is referred to as Stracimir).</ref> broadened with significant conquests the fatherly encroachers and possessed the territories of Narenta, Macarsca  [Editors note-modern: Makarska] and Stagno (Editors note-modern: Ston). The counts wanted to conquer Ragusa and to the detriment of Catholicism they also wanted to conquer nearby Korčula.<ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=LvVbRrH1QBgC&pg=PA8&dq=Miroslav+korcula&hl=en&ei=5lisTY7YI4yYvAO7raX_CQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CDMQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Miroslav%20korcula&f=false The Late Medieval Balkans:] A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century by John Van Antwerp Fine (p8)</ref> Therefore Constantine with a strong army, which amounted to some twenty thousand men, in 1181 landed in a faraway part of the city of Ragusa and began also to terrorise the island with fire and steel.  But the Curzolani, ''gathering together '',<ref>Latin section: ''"cum se in unum conglobassent"''</ref> as '''Farlati''' <ref>'''Daniele Farlati''' (22 February 1690 – 25 April 1773) was an ecclesiastical historian. Farlati was born in San Daniele del Friuli in present day [[Italy]].</ref> writes, took up the pursuit of their enemies, of which they killed many. Others were taken as prisoners, among which the said Constantino, who to obtain his freedom was compelled, together with his brothers, under oath to promise never again to make an attempt to take any step towards the independence of the Curzolani.  With this resounding victory they honourably regained their freedom and preserved/protected the professed Catholic religion.
+Miroslav, Stefan Nemanja <ref>Stefan Nemanja  (c. 1114 – 13 February 1199) was a 12th-century Serb royalty, heir to the Vukanović dynasty and Grand Prince of medieval Raška from 1166 to 1196. Nemanja was from Ribnica in Zeta, present day Podgorica which is the capital of Montenegro.</ref> and Costantino, counts of Chelmo,<ref>Nobles of '''Raška''' who ruled Chelmo (Zahumlje). Raška was a medieval principality created by Serbian Slavs (Costantino is referred to as Stracimir).</ref> broadened with significant conquests the fatherly encroachers and possessed the territories of Narenta, Macarsca  [Editors note-modern: Makarska] and Stagno [Editors note-modern: Ston]. The counts wanted to conquer Ragusa and to the detriment of Catholicism they also wanted to conquer nearby Korčula.<ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=LvVbRrH1QBgC&pg=PA8&dq=Miroslav+korcula&hl=en&ei=5lisTY7YI4yYvAO7raX_CQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CDMQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Miroslav%20korcula&f=false The Late Medieval Balkans:] A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century by John Van Antwerp Fine (p8)</ref> Therefore Constantine with a strong army, which amounted to some twenty thousand men, in 1181 landed in a faraway part of the city of Ragusa and began also to terrorise the island with fire and steel.  But the Curzolani, ''gathering together '',<ref>Latin section: ''"cum se in unum conglobassent"''</ref> as '''Farlati''' <ref>'''Daniele Farlati''' (22 February 1690 – 25 April 1773) was an ecclesiastical historian. Farlati was born in San Daniele del Friuli in present day [[Italy]].</ref> writes, took up the pursuit of their enemies, of which they killed many. Others were taken as prisoners, among which the said Constantino, who to obtain his freedom was compelled, together with his brothers, under oath to promise never again to make an attempt to take any step towards the independence of the Curzolani.  With this resounding victory they honourably regained their freedom and preserved/protected the professed Catholic religion.
 ===Zorzi House===

@@ Line 51: / Line 51: @@
 Despite the relentless defence bravely sustained by the inhabitants, most from the Mattani in the fortress of Siralievaz, every effort was useless, the king was compelled to flee from the island; in fact he was almost taken by the Narentines in the sortie made from the western promontory, if he had not been freed on the part of the islanders.  The reporter gives his name as '''Ristle''' and declares himself minister of the king, after his death which occurred elsewhere with royal brother Ottoniero, states that he returned to the island, where he had a sister desponsata Patron Spaho: {{quote|
-''(the minister says: I had) a sister married to patron Spaho [Editors notes: patron Spaho is someone who has undertaken to protect the interests of a community], lord of the beautiful land of Sitnizza, where he used to pitch his tent and hunt birds.... and I found that Narentines plundered many things. My strength abandoned me  when I saw the fleet and the fields... We cannot move any further without incurring in our strong enemies.'' <ref>Latin section: ''".... domino domorij Sitinitiani (Sitnizza) pulcherimi agri in quo habebat tentorio et capiebat aves ... et inveni, continues, Narentinos depopulasse multa.  Omnes mee vires sestebant in conspectioneagrorum atque navium ... nos non possumus prodire nullibi, nisi in fortes hostes incurramus."''</ref>}}  There was hard aggression committed to both towns of which the ruins can still be seen in ''Bradat'' and ''Potirna''.<ref>'''Potirna''' is a village on the west end of the island of Korcula in Croatia.</ref> They were inhabited also by Roman families, as the gravestones and many other ancient pieces unearthed not so long ago bear witness.
+''(the minister says: I had) a sister married to patron Spaho, lord of the beautiful land of Sitnizza, where he used to pitch his tent and hunt birds.... and I found that Narentines plundered many things. My strength abandoned me when I saw the fleet and the fields... We cannot move any further without incurring in our strong enemies. [Editors notes: patron Spaho is someone who has undertaken to protect the interests of a community]'' <ref>Latin section: ''".... domino domorij Sitinitiani (Sitnizza) pulcherimi agri in quo habebat tentorio et capiebat aves ... et inveni, continues, Narentinos depopulasse multa.  Omnes mee vires sestebant in conspectioneagrorum atque navium ... nos non possumus prodire nullibi, nisi in fortes hostes incurramus."''</ref>}}  There was hard aggression committed to both towns of which the ruins can still be seen in ''Bradat'' and ''Potirna''.<ref>'''Potirna''' is a village on the west end of the island of Korcula in Croatia.</ref> They were inhabited also by Roman families, as the gravestones and many other ancient pieces unearthed not so long ago bear witness.
-A battle took place on the island around the year 829. Banished from the throne (the Curzolani) and from the State and ''Obeleiro'' and ''Beato Antenonj'', or Antonaj, doges, one after the other of Venice. The Curzolani, already confederated of the Narentines, acknowledged friendship and partisan feelings. The doge Zuanne Partecipazio, being informed of these schemes, at the head of a strong army descended upon Korčula, which despite powerful resistance, saw many of his own killed and the prisoners hanged. The ex doge Beato Antenonio had his head cut off.  ''('''Editors''' note: Some sources state that Giovanni ''or Zuanne''  Participazio, killed Obelerio degli Antenori  in Malamocco, near Venice. His severed head then was displayed to the people ''or'' that he died in Zadar. Another source states that he was buried with pomp in the Church of San Teodoro)'' <ref>[http://www.archive.org/stream/cu31924030932812/cu31924030932812_djvu.txt "The doges of Venice"] Chapte Two: Wooers of The Adiatic A.D. 809 to 960 </ref>
+A battle took place on the island around the year 829. Banished from the throne (the Curzolani) and from the State and ''Obeleiro'' and ''Beato Antenonj'', or Antonaj, doges, one after the other of Venice. The Curzolani, already confederated of the Narentines, acknowledged friendship and partisan feelings. The doge Zuanne Partecipazio, being informed of these schemes, at the head of a strong army descended upon Korčula, which despite powerful resistance, saw many of his own killed and the prisoners hanged. The ex doge Beato Antenonio had his head cut off.  ''['''Editors''' note: Some sources state that Giovanni ''or Zuanne''  Participazio, killed Obelerio degli Antenori  in Malamocco, near Venice. His severed head then was displayed to the people ''or'' that he died in Zadar. Another source states that he was buried with pomp in the Church of San Teodoro]'' <ref>[http://www.archive.org/stream/cu31924030932812/cu31924030932812_djvu.txt "The doges of Venice"] Chapte Two: Wooers of The Adiatic A.D. 809 to 960 </ref>
-A source from the Veneto Region stated that as a result of this fact Korčula and Veglia, where even the Antenonj had partisans, remained subject to those of the Veneto Region. This occurred for a brief period with regard to Korčula, the resulting reunion being tough between her and the Narentines, however the alliance lasted a short time. There is on the island a sunny valley called Dughipod, neighbouring the inundating field known Blatta (Editors note-modern: Blato), in which one could see various large masses of rocks, and among these the largest and widest, and the only one on the island, called ''Ducelova gomilla''.  From the previous matter and from the places, which embrace vast  plains suited for manoeuvring an army in battle, it is probable that a battle occurred there and that under that impressive mass of rocks was buried the beheaded doge ''Beato Antenonio'', and therefore to that the Slavic name of ''Ducelova gomilla'', namely the doge’s partition wall.
+A source from the Veneto Region stated that as a result of this fact Korčula and Veglia, where even the Antenonj had partisans, remained subject to those of the Veneto Region. This occurred for a brief period with regard to Korčula, the resulting reunion being tough between her and the Narentines, however the alliance lasted a short time. There is on the island a sunny valley called Dughipod, neighbouring the inundating field known Blatta [Editors note-modern: Blato], in which one could see various large masses of rocks, and among these the largest and widest, and the only one on the island, called ''Ducelova gomilla''.  From the previous matter and from the places, which embrace vast  plains suited for manoeuvring an army in battle, it is probable that a battle occurred there and that under that impressive mass of rocks was buried the beheaded doge ''Beato Antenonio'', and therefore to that the Slavic name of ''Ducelova gomilla'', namely the doge’s partition wall.
-The fourth battle was with the doge of the Veneto Region '''Pietro II Orseolo''' in 999, from which, having defeated the Narentines, their ally Korčula,  was also conquered. Some historians note that the Curzolani, determined to oppose the advances of the doge, urged the Ragusani (Editors note-modern:Dubrovnik) and the Lesignani (Editors note-modern: Hvar) to form an alliance, but pre-empted by the sudden appearance of a large army in the ''Korčula Channel'', which fruitlessly awaited on the nearby reef of S. Massimo.<ref>also known as abbr. aka; (ref. plant, animal) common name./'''Ostojic's''' original historical source from '''1858'''.</ref> Vulgo Massan, opted for negotiations for surrender, due to the fact that Korčula was forced to withstand alone. Of this fact '''Andrea Dandolo''' <ref>'''Andrea Dandolo''' (1306 – September 7, 1354) was elected the 54th doge of Venice in 1343, replacing Bartolomeo Gradenigo who died in late 1342.</ref> writes:  {{quote|
+The fourth battle was with the doge of the Veneto Region '''Pietro II Orseolo''' in 999, from which, having defeated the Narentines, their ally Korčula,  was also conquered. Some historians note that the Curzolani, determined to oppose the advances of the doge, urged the Ragusani [Editors note-modern:Dubrovnik] and the Lesignani [Editors note-modern: Hvar] to form an alliance, but pre-empted by the sudden appearance of a large army in the ''Korčula Channel'', which fruitlessly awaited on the nearby reef of S. Massimo.<ref>also known as abbr. aka; (ref. plant, animal) common name./'''Ostojic's''' original historical source from '''1858'''.</ref> Vulgo Massan, opted for negotiations for surrender, due to the fact that Korčula was forced to withstand alone. Of this fact '''Andrea Dandolo''' <ref>'''Andrea Dandolo''' (1306 – September 7, 1354) was elected the 54th doge of Venice in 1343, replacing Bartolomeo Gradenigo who died in late 1342.</ref> writes:  {{quote|
 ''Since Korčula's inhabitants refused to obey Orseolo's orders, he gathered a strong armed force and subdued them.''<ref>Latin section: ''"Curzolae habitatores suis (of Orseolo) recusants parere jussionibus, valida manu acquisivit suaeque potestati subjugavit."''</ref>}}  The learned Marco Casotti with Lucio claim that the alliance of Korčula with the Narentines worked to even make Venice their inland revenue, after the death of its doge ''Pietro Candiano'' in the battle of Pontamica, and that those of the Veneto Region were now avenging themselves of this by dismantling Korčula from the foundations.
@@ Line 66: / Line 66: @@
 ===Zorzi House===
-By the end of the year 1129 Korčula was subjected to the Zorzi House (Editors note: Republic of Venice) but due to various events regained it's independence. In 1252  Marsilio Zorzi succeeded in re-conquering it for Venice. The Curzolani suffered badly  under his tyranny and after two years of his control dismissed him.  Ruggero Zorzi a few years later with the help of Venice and Ragusa, amassed a strong arm of forces and arrived below the city calling on it to surrender. Not taking any notice of these threats, the Curzolani resolutely rejected the attack and tested the enemy inflecting lots of damage.  They seized the banner from the invaders. The wounded Ruggero was obliged to give up and take cover within the island. A number of the inhabitants, allured by promises, acted as a support for him in order that he could return to the offensive against the city. After a strong crushing battle, Ruggero sacked and demolished the town. He placed Count Marsilio back in command. Merciful towards the defeated, the walls he rebuilt were more beautiful than before.
+By the end of the year 1129 Korčula was subjected to the Zorzi House [Editors note: Republic of Venice] but due to various events regained it's independence. In 1252  Marsilio Zorzi succeeded in re-conquering it for Venice. The Curzolani suffered badly  under his tyranny and after two years of his control dismissed him.  Ruggero Zorzi a few years later with the help of Venice and Ragusa, amassed a strong arm of forces and arrived below the city calling on it to surrender. Not taking any notice of these threats, the Curzolani resolutely rejected the attack and tested the enemy inflecting lots of damage.  They seized the banner from the invaders. The wounded Ruggero was obliged to give up and take cover within the island. A number of the inhabitants, allured by promises, acted as a support for him in order that he could return to the offensive against the city. After a strong crushing battle, Ruggero sacked and demolished the town. He placed Count Marsilio back in command. Merciful towards the defeated, the walls he rebuilt were more beautiful than before.
 ===Giorgio Viario===
@@ Line 72: / Line 72: @@
 [[File:Ostojic's page 1.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Ostojic's page from the '''1878''' issue of his book.]]
-In the year 1483 ''Federico of Aragon'', son of Ferdinand king of Naples, was at war with the Venetians.<ref>[http://www.archive.org/stream/canonpietrocaso00casogoog/canonpietrocaso00casogoog_djvu.txt Canon Pietro Casola's Pilgrimage to Jerusalem in the Year 1494 by Pietro Casola - www.archive.org] (Note 58 on p377)</ref> With Lissa (Editors note-modern: Vis) being destroyed and conquered a large army  landed their troops with the aim of conquering Korčula.  '''Giorgio Viario''' then ruled the island with the title of count for the republic of the Veneto region. He was a fearless and courageous man who had the city well armed. He positioned the few island fighters in appropriate sites and resolutely defended the town of Korčula. With the aid of these allies he repelled repeated assaults and destroyed the catapults thus turning the tide of the battle in favour of the defenders. His followers also fended off attacks by the other military artilleries employed by the Aragonese to demolish the walls and enter the city.  Such was the courage of the Curzolani who for several days resisted this siege, and repelled the attacks. They struck down arrows and made a large number of aggressors fall under the walls.
+In the year 1483 ''Federico of Aragon'', son of Ferdinand king of Naples, was at war with the Venetians.<ref>[http://www.archive.org/stream/canonpietrocaso00casogoog/canonpietrocaso00casogoog_djvu.txt Canon Pietro Casola's Pilgrimage to Jerusalem in the Year 1494 by Pietro Casola - www.archive.org] (Note 58 on p377)</ref> With Lissa [Editors note-modern: Vis] being destroyed and conquered a large army  landed their troops with the aim of conquering Korčula.  '''Giorgio Viario''' then ruled the island with the title of count for the republic of the Veneto region. He was a fearless and courageous man who had the city well armed. He positioned the few island fighters in appropriate sites and resolutely defended the town of Korčula. With the aid of these allies he repelled repeated assaults and destroyed the catapults thus turning the tide of the battle in favour of the defenders. His followers also fended off attacks by the other military artilleries employed by the Aragonese to demolish the walls and enter the city.  Such was the courage of the Curzolani who for several days resisted this siege, and repelled the attacks. They struck down arrows and made a large number of aggressors fall under the walls.
 To confuse the enemy, Count Viario envisaged the plan to have the bells ring suddenly.  The Aragonese bewildered by the city bells ringing and of the near danger, left under the walls of the city more than 500 men and a large amount of war equipment. They retreated and fled on the high seas.  This victory occurred on the 24th of August,the feast day of'' St. Bartholomew''. A commemorative procession was devoted in thanksgiving that is customary in all parishes of the island on this all day feast. The prince and Senate of the Veneto Region later so appreciated the victory  that they erected a memorial.

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:14, 25 January 2018
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	* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumbarda_Psephisma Wikipedia: Lumbarda Psephisma]		* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumbarda_Psephisma Wikipedia: Lumbarda Psephisma]
	* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Curzola Wikipedia: Battle of Curzola]		* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Curzola Wikipedia: Battle of Curzola]
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−	[[File:St Damian.jpg\|thumb\|left\|425px\|The Chapel of Saint Cosmas (Kuzma) and Saint Damian on the island of Korcula. The foundations are from the 6th century AD, whilst the rest of the Chapel was rebuilt in the 11 century. Photo by [[Peter Zuvela]] ]]
−