Croatisation - Revision history

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 * http://www.gimnazija.hr/?200_godina_gimnazije:OD_1897._DO_1921.
 * http://www.hdpz.htnet.hr/broj186/jonjic2.htm
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 *Vlaho Bukovac, born ''Biagio Faggioni'' to a family of mixed Italian and Croatian ancestry.
 == Editor's Note ==
-A process of Croatisation (cultural assimilation) of the Republic of Ragusa's history began in the 19th century and this process is still continuing today. This process happened firstly in relation to the Ragusan-Slavic history and later with the Ragusan-Italianic history. In relation to this Croatisation of history, '''Gianfrancesco Gondola''' (1589 -1638) a Ragusan Baroque poet from Republic of Ragusa has ''become'' a Croatian Baroque poet called Ivan Gundulić from Dubrovnik, Croatia.
+A process of Croatisation (cultural assimilation) of the Republic of Ragusa's history (and in part the Kingdom of Dalmatia) began in the 19th century and this process is still continuing today. This process happened firstly in relation to the Ragusan-Slavic history and later with the Ragusan-Italianic history. In relation to this Croatisation of history, '''Gianfrancesco Gondola''' (1589 -1638) a Ragusan Baroque poet from Republic of Ragusa has ''become'' a Croatian Baroque poet called Ivan Gundulić from Dubrovnik, Croatia.
 Ivan Gundulic wrote many works in [[Italian language|Italian]] and Slavic (today referred to as Croatian<ref>{{citeweb|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/172803/Dubrovnik|title="Dubrovnik." Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica, 2011. Web. 08 Mar. 2011. |date=[[2011]]|accessdate=2011-03-8}}</ref>).

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 *Vlaho Bukovac, born ''Biagio Faggioni'' to a family of mixed Italian and Croatian ancestry.
 == Editor's Note ==
-A process of Croatisation of the Republic of Ragusa's history began in the 19th century and this process is still continuing today. This process happened firstly in relation to the Ragusan-Slavic history and later with the Ragusan-Italianic history. In relation to this Croatisation of history, '''Gianfrancesco Gondola''' (1589 -1638) a Ragusan Baroque poet from Republic of Ragusa has ''become'' a Croatian Baroque poet called Ivan Gundulić from Dubrovnik, Croatia.
+A process of Croatisation (cultural assimilation) of the Republic of Ragusa's history began in the 19th century and this process is still continuing today. This process happened firstly in relation to the Ragusan-Slavic history and later with the Ragusan-Italianic history. In relation to this Croatisation of history, '''Gianfrancesco Gondola''' (1589 -1638) a Ragusan Baroque poet from Republic of Ragusa has ''become'' a Croatian Baroque poet called Ivan Gundulić from Dubrovnik, Croatia.
-Ivan Gundulic wrote many works in Italian and Slavic (today referred to as Croatian<ref>{{citeweb|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/172803/Dubrovnik|title="Dubrovnik." Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica, 2011. Web. 08 Mar. 2011. |date=[[2011]]|accessdate=2011-03-8}}</ref>).
+Ivan Gundulic wrote many works in [[Italian language|Italian]] and Slavic (today referred to as Croatian<ref>{{citeweb|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/172803/Dubrovnik|title="Dubrovnik." Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica, 2011. Web. 08 Mar. 2011. |date=[[2011]]|accessdate=2011-03-8}}</ref>).
 One of these was the Slavic poem [http://books.google.com/books?id=J8coAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false Osman]. Interestingly, in 1967 his work was referred to as ''"The works of the greatest poet of early Yugoslav literature, Ivan Gundulić"'' taken from the book Dubrovnik by Bariša Krekić<ref>[http://www.google.com.au/search?hl=en&client=safari&rls=en&tbm=bks&q=Ivan+Gundulić+Osman+Dubrovnik+by+Bariša+Krekić&btnG=Search&oq=Ivan+Gundulić+Osman+Dubrovnik+by+Bariša+Krekić&aq=f&aqi=&aql=1&gs_sm=s&gs_upl=112466l114859l0l116566l2l2l0l0l0l0l820l820l6-1l1l0 Dubrovnik] by Bariša Krekić ''"The works of the greatest poet of early Yugoslav literature, Ivan Gundulic, 1589 — 1638, are the best testimony to this. His epic "Osman" ranks among the greatest masterpieces of early Slavic literature, and also among the most ..."''</ref>

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 One of these was the Slavic poem [http://books.google.com/books?id=J8coAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false Osman]. Interestingly, in 1967 his work was referred to as ''"The works of the greatest poet of early Yugoslav literature, Ivan Gundulić"'' taken from the book Dubrovnik by Bariša Krekić<ref>[http://www.google.com.au/search?hl=en&client=safari&rls=en&tbm=bks&q=Ivan+Gundulić+Osman+Dubrovnik+by+Bariša+Krekić&btnG=Search&oq=Ivan+Gundulić+Osman+Dubrovnik+by+Bariša+Krekić&aq=f&aqi=&aql=1&gs_sm=s&gs_upl=112466l114859l0l116566l2l2l0l0l0l0l820l820l6-1l1l0 Dubrovnik] by Bariša Krekić ''"The works of the greatest poet of early Yugoslav literature, Ivan Gundulic, 1589 — 1638, are the best testimony to this. His epic "Osman" ranks among the greatest masterpieces of early Slavic literature, and also among the most ..."''</ref>
-The research I have done in the last two years has led me to this conclusion concerning the old history of  Dubrovnik area (for now anyway.... I'm always open to new information). The ancient peoples of Dubrovnik identified themselves as '''Ragusans'''. Latin-Illyrian families created the Republic of Ragusa. Modern theories say that a small town was already there during the times of the Roman Empire (some say even earlier).<ref>Note: Recent findings of artefacts in Dubrovnik suggest to be [[Greece|Greek]] in origin.</ref>
+The ancient peoples of Dubrovnik identified themselves as '''Ragusans'''. Latin-Illyrian families created the Republic of Ragusa. Modern theories say that a small town was already there during the times of the Roman Empire (some say even earlier).<ref>Note: Recent findings of artefacts in Dubrovnik suggest to be [[Greece|Greek]] in origin.</ref>
 Refugees from Roman Epidaurus in the 7th century turned it into a fortified city. Over the centuries, it became a City State importantly called Ragusa. Later it became a Republic (1358), also importantly called Republic of Ragusa. The early medieval City State had a population of Romans and Latinized Illyrians, who spoke [[Latin]]. With time it evolved into the Dalmatian language, a now extinct Romance language. The Ragusan Dalmatian language disappeared in the 17th century. For centuries Ragusa, was an Italian-City State.

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 {{Cquote|''Robert Greenberg, the foremost English-language scholar on South Slav languages, believes the root of the language polemic lies in the Vienna agreement of 1850, which “reversed several centuries of natural Abstand developments for the languages of Orthodox Southern Slavs and Catholic Southern Slavs.” (Greenberg 2004, 23) Croatians and Serbians came to the negotiating table with differing experiences. Serbian linguists were standardizing a single dialect of rural speech and breaking with the archaic Slaveno-Serbian heritage of the eighteenth century “Serbian enlightenment.” Early [[Croatia|Croat]] nationalists proposed a standard language based on a widely spoken dialect linked with the literature of the Croatian Renaissance. With an eye towards South Slav unity they also encouraged liberal borrowing from various dialects (Greenberg 2004, 24-26). This basic difference in approach created conflicts throughout the history of the South Slav movement and the Yugoslav state (Greenberg 2004, 48).'' }}</ref>
-*Statements made by the contemporary historian John Van Antwerp Fine (Professor Emeritus of History at the University of Michigan) ethnic ambitions and Croatia hIstory:{{Cquote|''Such substitutions of “Croat” for” Slav,” however, mislead the reader into believing something the sources do not tell...''<ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=wEF5oN5erE0C&pg=PA11&dq=John+Van+Antwerp+Fine+Such+substitutions+of+“Croat”+for”+Slav,”+however&hl=en&ei=oT-ITfy5CoPCvQOo56HZDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCkQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false When Ethnicity did not Matter in the Balkans:] by John Van Antwerp Fine (p11)</ref>
+*Statements made by the contemporary historian John Van Antwerp Fine (Professor Emeritus of History at the University of Michigan) on ethnic ambitions and Croatian historians:{{Cquote|''Such substitutions of “Croat” for” Slav,” however, mislead the reader into believing something the sources do not tell...''<ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=wEF5oN5erE0C&pg=PA11&dq=John+Van+Antwerp+Fine+Such+substitutions+of+“Croat”+for”+Slav,”+however&hl=en&ei=oT-ITfy5CoPCvQOo56HZDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCkQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false When Ethnicity did not Matter in the Balkans:] by John Van Antwerp Fine (p11)</ref>
 {{Cquote|''There is no justification to falsify history to support ethnic ambitions. The Croats and their Balkan neighbours have done this in a major way'' <ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=wEF5oN5erE0C&pg=PA15&dq=When+ethnicity+did+not+matter+in+the+Balkans++falsify+history&hl=en&ei=vmmZTeq9O4_qvQOtmfj5Cw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCkQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false When Ethnicity did not Matter in the Balkans] by John Van Antwerp Fine (p15)</ref>}}}}

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 The process of creating a standardised Croatian language was incomplete. This is reflected in its labelling of the language as Croatian, Croatian-Serbo and the very unpopular Serbo-Croatian. This was a fundamental mistake made when political extremist ideology influenced decision-making regarding language and culture. It was an attempt at imitating Western imperial empire building egotism (a super Southern Slav State), which failed. <ref>[http://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:W0qJaxFWySwJ:sdsu-dspace.calstate.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10211.10/1223/Young_Mitchell.pdf%3Fsequence%3D1+In+1850,+a+small+group+of+Croatians+(Illyrian+movement)+and+Serbian+representatives+signed+the+%22Vienna+agreement%22.+This+agreement+was+indeed+the+basis+and+the+start+of+the+regions+problems.&hl=en&gl=au&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESiUqvX7PsU9eqoabBdAydnIJGhg51U28ot5XwTzQZDbK7bH-BgJ7fyGBN9H9SdJKGMzWprhDP9eE2AKI1AGvDD_AiTJpS-r-wJ6t_SQ-Vnzab_0q8mnDaQRty_pi92eS6e8YnzW&sig=AHIEtbSXRBZ8GEgv-6ybIMgyJPm3G06yBw LANGUAGE AND NATION: AN ANALYSIS OF CROATIAN LINGUISTIC NATIONALISM - A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of San Diego State (p43)]
 {{Cquote|''Robert Greenberg, the foremost English-language scholar on South Slav languages, believes the root of the language polemic lies in the Vienna agreement of 1850, which “reversed several centuries of natural Abstand developments for the languages of Orthodox Southern Slavs and Catholic Southern Slavs.” (Greenberg 2004, 23) Croatians and Serbians came to the negotiating table with differing experiences. Serbian linguists were standardizing a single dialect of rural speech and breaking with the archaic Slaveno-Serbian heritage of the eighteenth century “Serbian enlightenment.” Early [[Croatia|Croat]] nationalists proposed a standard language based on a widely spoken dialect linked with the literature of the Croatian Renaissance. With an eye towards South Slav unity they also encouraged liberal borrowing from various dialects (Greenberg 2004, 24-26). This basic difference in approach created conflicts throughout the history of the South Slav movement and the Yugoslav state (Greenberg 2004, 48).'' }}</ref>
-*Statement made by the contemporary historian Dr Danijel Dzino ([[Australia|Australian]]  Research Council Australian Postdoctoral Fellow BA (Hons), MA, PhD Adelaide): {{Cquote| ''Medieval studies in Croatia and in most of the former Yugoslav space were firmly rooted in political history and suffered from isolationism and lack of interest in foreign scholarship.  In the [[Titoism and Totalitarianism|communist era]], especially after the 1960s, Marxist ideology and national and Yugoslav political-ideological frameworks  strongly impacted on the research into medieval history in Croatia '' <ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=6UbOtJcF8rQC&pg=PA43&dq=Becoming+Slav,+Becoming+Croat:+Identity+Transformations+in+Post-Roman+Medieval+studies+in+croatia&hl=en&ei=aEVLTZXLC5GevgPU26QW&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false Becoming Slav, Becoming Croat:] Identity Transformations in Post-Roman and Early Medieval Dalmatia  by Danijel Dzino (p43)</ref>}}
-*Statements made by the contemporary historian John Van Antwerp Fine (Professor Emeritus of History at the University of Michigan):{{Cquote|''Such substitutions of “Croat” for” Slav,” however, mislead the reader into believing something the sources do not tell...''<ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=wEF5oN5erE0C&pg=PA11&dq=John+Van+Antwerp+Fine+Such+substitutions+of+“Croat”+for”+Slav,”+however&hl=en&ei=oT-ITfy5CoPCvQOo56HZDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCkQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false When Ethnicity did not Matter in the Balkans:] by John Van Antwerp Fine (p11)</ref>
+*Statements made by the contemporary historian John Van Antwerp Fine (Professor Emeritus of History at the University of Michigan) ethnic ambitions and Croatia hIstory:{{Cquote|''Such substitutions of “Croat” for” Slav,” however, mislead the reader into believing something the sources do not tell...''<ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=wEF5oN5erE0C&pg=PA11&dq=John+Van+Antwerp+Fine+Such+substitutions+of+“Croat”+for”+Slav,”+however&hl=en&ei=oT-ITfy5CoPCvQOo56HZDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCkQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false When Ethnicity did not Matter in the Balkans:] by John Van Antwerp Fine (p11)</ref>
 {{Cquote|''There is no justification to falsify history to support ethnic ambitions. The Croats and their Balkan neighbours have done this in a major way'' <ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=wEF5oN5erE0C&pg=PA15&dq=When+ethnicity+did+not+matter+in+the+Balkans++falsify+history&hl=en&ei=vmmZTeq9O4_qvQOtmfj5Cw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCkQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false When Ethnicity did not Matter in the Balkans] by John Van Antwerp Fine (p15)</ref>}}}}

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 In the 16th and 17th century <ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=wEF5oN5erE0C&pg=PA299&dq=Ottoman+Diplomacy+When+Ethnicity+did+not+Matter+in+the+Balkans&hl=en&ei=YjzmTa-sF4a6vQOe5_nnCg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CDAQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false  When Ethnicity did not Matter in the Balkans:] by John Van Antwerp Fine (p229)
 * "Discussions between Ottoman officials (many of whom were of Slavic origin) and Ragusan envoys were frequently carried out in “our language” (proto- Serbo- Croatian), and both sides (these particular Ottomans and the Ragusan diplomats)" Editors Note: These event describe by John Van Antwerp Fine  are from 1608.</ref><ref>'''Note''': According to Francesco Maria Appendini (Italian scholar 1768–1837) the Slavic language started to be spoken in area in the 13th century.</ref> its ethnic population changed dramatically mainly due to various historical events in Europe. It became a hub of '''multi-ethnic''' communities. The most numerous of these were the Slavs. The peoples of the Republic started to merge (including mixed marriages). Additionally the Ragusan-Slavic population were Romanised, meaning they adopted Latin Mediterranean culture. A form of [[Italian language|Italian]] was spoken in the Republic, which was heavily influenced by '''Venetian'''. Books were written in Latin and Italian. Some Ragusans started to write in a Slavic language. Two languages Italian and Slavic (which at times overlapped) became the norm in the Republic.
 [[File:800px-Dubrovnik 042.jpg|thumb|right|350px|Dubrovnik once the capital of the Republic of Ragusa now within todays modern [[Croatia]]. The ''Republic'' in the past was a hub of multi-ethnic communities.]]
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 The process of creating a standardised Croatian language was incomplete. This is reflected in its labelling of the language as Croatian, Croatian-Serbo and the very unpopular Serbo-Croatian. This was a fundamental mistake made when political extremist ideology influenced decision-making regarding language and culture. It was an attempt at imitating Western imperial empire building egotism (a super Southern Slav State), which failed. <ref>[http://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:W0qJaxFWySwJ:sdsu-dspace.calstate.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10211.10/1223/Young_Mitchell.pdf%3Fsequence%3D1+In+1850,+a+small+group+of+Croatians+(Illyrian+movement)+and+Serbian+representatives+signed+the+%22Vienna+agreement%22.+This+agreement+was+indeed+the+basis+and+the+start+of+the+regions+problems.&hl=en&gl=au&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESiUqvX7PsU9eqoabBdAydnIJGhg51U28ot5XwTzQZDbK7bH-BgJ7fyGBN9H9SdJKGMzWprhDP9eE2AKI1AGvDD_AiTJpS-r-wJ6t_SQ-Vnzab_0q8mnDaQRty_pi92eS6e8YnzW&sig=AHIEtbSXRBZ8GEgv-6ybIMgyJPm3G06yBw LANGUAGE AND NATION: AN ANALYSIS OF CROATIAN LINGUISTIC NATIONALISM - A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of San Diego State (p43)]
 {{Cquote|''Robert Greenberg, the foremost English-language scholar on South Slav languages, believes the root of the language polemic lies in the Vienna agreement of 1850, which “reversed several centuries of natural Abstand developments for the languages of Orthodox Southern Slavs and Catholic Southern Slavs.” (Greenberg 2004, 23) Croatians and Serbians came to the negotiating table with differing experiences. Serbian linguists were standardizing a single dialect of rural speech and breaking with the archaic Slaveno-Serbian heritage of the eighteenth century “Serbian enlightenment.” Early [[Croatia|Croat]] nationalists proposed a standard language based on a widely spoken dialect linked with the literature of the Croatian Renaissance. With an eye towards South Slav unity they also encouraged liberal borrowing from various dialects (Greenberg 2004, 24-26). This basic difference in approach created conflicts throughout the history of the South Slav movement and the Yugoslav state (Greenberg 2004, 48).'' }}</ref>
 ==Notes and References==
 <div class="references-small" style="-moz-column-count:2; column-count:2;">

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 *Savić Marković Štedimlija, publicist and Nazi collaborator, Montenegrin by origin.
 *Vlaho Bukovac, born ''Biagio Faggioni'' to a family of mixed Italian and Croatian ancestry.
 ==Notes and References==
 <div class="references-small" style="-moz-column-count:2; column-count:2;">
 <references />
 </div>
 == See also ==
 * [[Titoism and Totalitarianism| Former Yugoslavia-Titoism and Totalitarianism]]
 * [[Dalmatian Italians]]
 == External links ==
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 * http://www.gimnazija.hr/?200_godina_gimnazije:OD_1897._DO_1921.
 * http://www.hdpz.htnet.hr/broj186/jonjic2.htm

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 ==== Uskoks ====
 A large part of the Habsburg unit of '''Uskoks''', who fought a guerilla war with the Ottoman Empire were ethnic Serbs (Serbian Orthodox Christian) who fled from Ottoman Turkish rule and settled in Bela Krajina and Zumberak.<ref name="Davies">Europe:A History by Norman Davies (1996), p. 561.</ref><ref name="Goffman">Goffman (2002), p. 190.</ref><ref name="ER">http://books.google.se/books?id=ovCVDLYN_JgC</ref><ref name="GEO">http://books.google.se/books?id=0pmkrY29qkIC</ref>
-Serbs of Croatia in the Roman Catholic-Croatian Military Frontier were out of the jurisdiction of the Serbian Patriarchate of Peć and in 1611, after demands from the community, the Pope establishes the Eparchy of Marca (''Vratanija'') with seat at the Serbian-built Marca Monastery and instates a Byzantine vicar as bishop sub-ordinate to the Roman Catholic bishop of Zagreb, working to bring Serbian Orthodox Christians into communion with Rome which caused struggle of power between the Catholics and the Serbs over the region. In 1695 Serbian Orthodox Eparchy of ''Lika-Krbava and Zrinopolje'' is established by metropolitan Atanasije Ljubojevic and certified by '''Emperor Josef I''' in 1707. In 1735 the Serbian Orthodox protested in the Marča Monastery and becomes part of the Serbian Orthodox Church until 1753 when the Pope restores the Roman Catholic clergy. On June 17, 1777 the Eparchy of Križevci is permanently established by Pope Pius VI with see at Križevci, near Zagreb, thus forming the Croatian Greek Catholic Church which would after World War I include other people; Rusyns and Ukrainians of Yugoslavia.<ref name="ER"/><ref name="GEO"/>
+Serbs of Croatia in the Roman Catholic-Croatian Military Frontier were out of the jurisdiction of the Serbian Patriarchate of Peć and in 1611, after demands from the community, the Pope establishes the Eparchy of Marca (''Vratanija'') with seat at the Serbian-built Marca Monastery and instates a Byzantine vicar as bishop sub-ordinate to the Roman Catholic bishop of Zagreb, working to bring Serbian Orthodox Christians into communion with Rome which caused struggle of power between the Catholics and the Serbs over the region. In 1695 Serbian Orthodox Eparchy of ''Lika-Krbava and Zrinopolje'' is established by metropolitan Atanasije Ljubojevic and certified by '''Emperor Josef I''' in 1707. In 1735 the Serbian Orthodox protested in the Marča Monastery and becomes part of the Serbian Orthodox Church until 1753 when the Pope restores the Roman Catholic clergy. On June 17, 1777 the Eparchy of Križevci is permanently established by Pope Pius VI with see at Križevci, near Zagreb, thus forming the Croatian Greek Catholic Church which would after [[World War I]] include other people; Rusyns and Ukrainians of Yugoslavia.<ref name="ER"/><ref name="GEO"/>
-Catholic Croats of Turopolje and Gornja Stubica celebrate the Jurjevo, a Serbian tradition maintained by Uskoks descendants (adjacent to White Carniola, where Serbs in Slovenia|Serbs formed communities in 1528).
+Catholic Croats of Turopolje and Gornja Stubica celebrate the Jurjevo, a Serbian tradition maintained by Uskoks descendants.
 == Croatia in the Austro-Hungarian Empire ==
@@ Line 42: / Line 41: @@
 ==During and prior to the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina==
-Following the establishment of the [[Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia]] in November 1991, and especially from May 1992 forward, the Herzeg-Bosnia leadership engaged in continuing and coordinated efforts to dominate and "Croatise" (or ethnically cleanse) the municipalities which they claimed were part of Herzeg-Bosnia, with increasing persecution and discrimination directed against the [[Bosniaks|Bosniak]] population.<ref name="ICTY: Blaškić verdict - A. The Lasva Valley: May 1992 – January 1993 c) The municipality of Kiseljak">{{cite web|url=
+Following the establishment of the Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia in November 1991, and especially from May 1992 forward, the Herzeg-Bosnia leadership engaged in continuing and coordinated efforts to dominate and "Croatise" (or ethnically cleanse) the municipalities which they claimed were part of Herzeg-Bosnia, with increasing persecution and discrimination directed against the Bosniak population.<ref name="ICTY: Blaškić verdict - A. The Lasva Valley: May 1992 – January 1993 c) The municipality of Kiseljak">{{cite web|url=
-http://www.un.org/icty/blaskic/trialc1/judgement/bla-tj000303e-3.htm#IIIA1c|title=ICTY: Blaškić verdict - A. The Lasva Valley: May 1992 – January 1993 c) The municipality of Kiseljak}}</ref> The [[Croatian Defence Council]] (HVO), the military formation of Croats, took control of many municipal governments and services, removing or marginalising local Bosniak leaders.<ref name="ICTY: Blaškić verdict - A. The Lasva Valley: May 1992 – January 1993 - b) The municipality of Busovača">{{cite web|url=http://www.un.org/icty/blaskic/trialc1/judgement/bla-tj000303e-3.htm#IIIA1b|title=ICTY: Blaškić verdict - A. The Lasva Valley: May 1992 – January 1993 - b) The municipality of Busovača}}</ref> Herzeg-Bosnia authorities and Croat military forces took control of the media and imposed Croatian ideas and [[propaganda]].<ref name="ICTY: Blaškić verdict&nbsp;— A. The Lasva Valley: May 1992&nbsp;– January 1993 - c) The municipality of Kiseljak">{{cite web|url=http://www.un.org/icty/blaskic/trialc1/judgement/bla-tj000303e-3.htm#IIIA1c|quote=the authorities created a radio station which broadcast nationalist propaganda|title=ICTY: Blaškić verdict&nbsp;— A. The Lasva Valley: May 1992&nbsp;– January 1993 - c) The municipality of Kiseljak}}</ref> Croatian symbols and currency were introduced, and Croatian curricula and the Croatian language were introduced in schools. Many Bosniaks were removed from positions in government and private business; humanitarian aid was managed and distributed to the Bosniaks' disadvantage; and Bosniaks in general were increasingly harassed.{{Fact|date=April 2011}} Many of them were deported to [[concentration camp]]s: [[Heliodrom camp|Heliodrom]], [[Dretelj camp|Dretelj]], [[Gabela camp|Gabela]], [[Vojno camp|Vojno]], and Šunje.
+http://www.un.org/icty/blaskic/trialc1/judgement/bla-tj000303e-3.htm#IIIA1c|title=ICTY: Blaškić verdict - A. The Lasva Valley: May 1992 – January 1993 c) The municipality of Kiseljak}}</ref> The Croatian Defence Council (HVO), the military formation of Croats, took control of many municipal governments and services, removing or marginalising local Bosniak leaders.<ref name="ICTY: Blaškić verdict - A. The Lasva Valley: May 1992 – January 1993 - b) The municipality of Busovača">{{cite web|url=http://www.un.org/icty/blaskic/trialc1/judgement/bla-tj000303e-3.htm#IIIA1b|title=ICTY: Blaškić verdict - A. The Lasva Valley: May 1992 – January 1993 - b) The municipality of Busovača}}</ref> Herzeg-Bosnia authorities and Croat military forces took control of the media and imposed Croatian ideas and propaganda.<ref name="ICTY: Blaškić verdict&nbsp;— A. The Lasva Valley: May 1992&nbsp;– January 1993 - c) The municipality of Kiseljak">{{cite web|url=http://www.un.org/icty/blaskic/trialc1/judgement/bla-tj000303e-3.htm#IIIA1c|quote=the authorities created a radio station which broadcast nationalist propaganda|title=ICTY: Blaškić verdict&nbsp;— A. The Lasva Valley: May 1992&nbsp;– January 1993 - c) The municipality of Kiseljak}}</ref> Croatian symbols and currency were introduced, and Croatian curricula and the Croatian language were introduced in schools. Many Bosniaks were removed from positions in government and private business; humanitarian aid was managed and distributed to the Bosniaks' disadvantage; and Bosniaks in general were increasingly harassed. Many of them were deported to concentration camps: Heliodrom, Dretelj, Gabela, Vojno, and Šunje.
 ==Notable individuals who voluntarily Croatised==
-*[[Dimitrija Demeter]], a playwright who was the author of the first modern Croatian drama, was from a [[Greeks|Greek]] family.
+*Dimitrija Demeter, a playwright who was the author of the first modern Croatian drama, was from a [[Greece|Greek]] family.
-*[[Vatroslav Lisinski]], a composer, was originally named ''Ignaz Fuchs''. His Croatian name is a literal translation.
+*Vatroslav Lisinski, a composer, was originally named ''Ignaz Fuchs''. His Croatian name is a literal translation.
-*[[Laval Nugent]], a Field Marshall and the most powerful noble in the Illyrian Movement, was originally from [[Ireland]].
+*Laval Nugent, a Field Marshall and the most powerful noble in the Illyrian Movement, was originally from [[Ireland]].
-*[[Petar Preradović]], one of the most influential poets of the movement, was from a [[Serb]] family.
+*Petar Preradović, one of the most influential poets of the movement, was from a Serb family.
-*[[Bogoslav Šulek]], a [[Lexicography|lexicographer]] and inventor of many Croatian scientific terms, was originally ''Bohuslav Šulek'' from [[Slovakia]].
+*Bogoslav Šulek, a lexicographer and inventor of many Croatian scientific terms, was originally ''Bohuslav Šulek'' from [[Slovakia]].
-*[[Stanko Vraz]], a poet and the first professional writer in Croatia, was originally ''Jakob Frass'' from [[Slovenia]].
+*Stanko Vraz, a poet and the first professional writer in Croatia, was originally ''Jakob Frass'' from [[Slovenia]].
-*[[August Šenoa]], a Croatian novelist, poet and writer, is of [[Czechs|Czech]]-[[Slovaks|Slovak]] descent. His parents never learned the [[Croatian language]], even when they lived in Zagreb.
+*August Šenoa, a Croatian novelist, poet and writer, is of Czech-Slovak descent. His parents never learned the Croatian language, even when they lived in Zagreb.
-*[[Dragutin Gorjanović-Kramberger]], a geologist, palaeontologist and archaeologist who discovered [[Krapina man]] <ref>[http://www.modernhumanorigins.net/krapinac.html Krapina C<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>  (Krapinski pračovjek), was of [[Germans|German]] descent. He added his second name, Gorjanović, to be adopted as a Croatian.
+*Dragutin Gorjanović-Kramberger, a geologist, palaeontologist and archaeologist who discovered Krapina man<ref>[http://www.modernhumanorigins.net/krapinac.html Krapina C<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>  (Krapinski pračovjek), was of German descent. He added his second name, Gorjanović, to be adopted as a Croatian.
-*[[Slavoljub Eduard Penkala]] was an inventor of Dutch/Polish origins. He added the name Slavoljub in order to Croatise.
+*Slavoljub Eduard Penkala was an inventor of Dutch/Polish origins. He added the name Slavoljub in order to Croatise.
-*[[Lovro Monti]], Croatian politician, mayor of [[Knin]]. One of the leaders of the Croatian national movement in Dalmatia, he was of Italian roots.
+*Lovro Monti, Croatian politician, mayor of Knin. One of the leaders of the Croatian national movement in Dalmatia, he was of Italian roots.
-*[[Adolfo Veber Tkalčević]] -linguist of German descent
+*Adolfo Veber Tkalčević -linguist of [[Germany|German]] descent.
-*[[Ivan Zajc]] (born'' Giovanni von Seitz'') a music composer was of German descent
+*Ivan Zajc (born'' Giovanni von Seitz'') a music composer was of German descent.
-*[[Josip Frank]], nationalist Croatian 19th century politicia, born as a Jew
+*Josip Frank, nationalist Croatian 19th century politicia, born as a Jew.
-*[[Vladko Maček]], Croatian politician, leader of the Croats in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia after Stjepan Radić and one time opposition reformist, maker of the Cvetković-Maček agreement that founded the Croatian Banate, born in a Slovene-Czech family
+*Vladko Maček, Croatian politician, leader of the Croats in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia after Stjepan Radić and one time opposition reformist, maker of the Cvetković-Maček agreement that founded the Croatian Banate, born in a Slovene-Czech family.
-*[[Savić Marković Štedimlija]], publicist and Nazi collaborator, Montenegrin by origin
+*Savić Marković Štedimlija, publicist and Nazi collaborator, Montenegrin by origin.
-*[[Vlaho Bukovac]], born ''Biagio Faggioni'' to a family of mixed Italian and Croatian ancestry
+*Vlaho Bukovac, born ''Biagio Faggioni'' to a family of mixed Italian and Croatian ancestry.
-== Notes ==
+==Notes and References==
-{{reflist}}
+<div class="references-small" style="-moz-column-count:2; column-count:2;">
 == See also ==
 * [[Dalmatian Italians]]
 == External links ==
-* http://www.tlfq.ulaval.ca/AXL/europe/croatiepolcroa.htm
+* [http://www.tlfq.ulaval.ca/AXL/europe/croatiepolcroa.htm croatiepolcroa.htm]
-* http://www.serbianunity.net/culture/library/genocide/k3.htm
+* [http://www.serbianunity.net/culture/library/genocide/k3.htm www.serbianunity.net]
-* http://www.aimpress.ch/dyn/trae/archive/data/199809/80930-018-trae-zag.htm
+* [http://www.aimpress.ch/dyn/trae/archive/data/199809/80930-018-trae-zag.htm www.aimpress.ch]
 * http://www.southeasteurope.org/subpage.php?sub_site=2&id=16431&head=if&site=4
 * http://www.nouvelle-europe.eu/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=172&Itemid=