View source for Directory:Derek Elder/Programs/MultipleInheritance

__TOC__
==Main.cpp==
<pre>
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <string>
#include "Faculty.h"
#include "GradStudent.h"
#include "Person.h"
#include "Student.h"
#include "StudentVoter.h"
#include "Voter.h"
using namespace std;

void clearScreen();
void Pause();
char displayMenuAndGetSelection();

void main()
{
	int i, numDegrees;
	char menuChoice = ' ';
	bool done = false;
	string *fs, *fs2;
	fs = new string[2];
	fs[0] = "History";
	fs[1] = "Philosophy";
	vector<string> vf;

	StudentVoter sv1("Harold",88,"000-00-0152",3.99f,"Independent"), sv2, sv4;
	StudentVoter sv3(sv1);
	Faculty f1("Lucas",50,"999-88-777",2,fs), f2, f4;
	Faculty f3(f1);

	while(!done)
	{
		menuChoice = displayMenuAndGetSelection();
		clearScreen();
		switch(menuChoice)
		{
			case '1':
				cout<<"Checking out the StudentVoter class.\n";
				cout<<"\nStudentVoter sv1(\"Harold\",88,\"000-00-0152\",3.99f,\"Independent\")\n"
					<<"Checking out the constructor\n";
				cout<<sv1;
				cout<<"\n----------------------";
				cout<<"\nStudentVoter sv2, checking out the default constructor\n";
				cout<<sv2;
				cout<<"\n----------------------";
				cout<<"\nStudentVoter sv3(sv1), checking out the copy constructor\n";
				cout<<sv3;
				cout<<"\n----------------------";
				cout<<"\n\nHit enter to continue: ";
				cin.get();
				sv4 = sv2;
				cout<<"\nStudentVoter sv4 = sv2, checking out the assignment operator\n";
				cout<<sv4;
				cout<<"\n----------------------";
				cout<<"\nChecking out the Accessors\n";
				//cout<<"\nsv1.Name() = "<<sv1.Name();
				//cout<<"\nsv1.Age() = "<<sv1.Age();
				//cout<<"\nsv1.SSN() = "<<sv1.SSN();
				//cout<<"\nsv1.GPA() = "<<sv1.GPA();
				//cout<<"\nsv1.PartyAffiliation() = "<<sv1.PartyAffiliation();
				cout<<"sv1.Type() = "<<sv1.Type();
				cout<<"\n----------------------";
				cout<<"\nBefore input for StudentVoter sv2.\n";
				cin>>sv2;
				cout<<"\n----------------------";
				cout<<"\nStudentVoter sv2 follows:\n";
				cout<<sv2;
				Pause();
				done = false;
				break;
			case '2':
				/*Mutator tests
				string fs3[3];
				fs3[0] = string("Matchematics");
				fs3[1] = string("English");
				fs3[2] = string("Computer Sciene");
				f1.Degrees(fs3,3);
				cout <<"\nAfter:"
					 <<"\n      string fs3[3];"
					 <<"\n      fs3[0] = string("Matchematics");
					 <<"\n      fs3[1] = string("English");
					 <<"\n      fs3[2] = string("Computer Sciene");
					 <<"\n      f1.Degrees(fs3,3);"
					 <<"\nf1 follows:\n"<<f1
				//---------------------------------------------
				fs[0] = string("Writing");
				fs[1] = string("Business");
				const Faculty f5("George Shaw",65,"294-32-2952",1.1,fs,2);
				cout << "\nAfter:"
					 << "\n      string fs[2];"
					 << "\n      fs[0] = string("Writing");
					 << "\n      fs[1] = string("Business");
					 << "\n      const Faculty f5("George Shaw",65,"294-32-2952",1.1,fs,2);
					 << "\nf5 follows:\n"<<f5;*/
				cout<<"Checking out the Faculty class.\n";
				cout<<"\nFaculty f1(\"Lucas\",50,\"999-88-777\",2,fs), checking out the constructor\n";
				cout<<f1;
				cout<<"\nContents of String *fs follows:\n";
				cout<<"fs[0] = "<<fs[0];
				cout<<"\n";
				cout<<"fs[1] = "<<fs[1];
				cout<<"\n----------------------";
				cout<<"\nFaculty f2, checking out the default constructor\n";
				cout<<f2;
				cout<<"\n----------------------";
				cout<<"\nFaculty f3(f1), checking out the copy constructor\n";
				cout<<f3;
				cout<<"\n----------------------";
				cout<<"\n\nHit enter to continue: ";
				cin.get();
				f4 = f2;
				cout<<"\nFaculty f4 = f2, checking out the assignment operator\n";
				cout<<f4;
				cout<<"\n----------------------";
				cout<<"\nChecking out the Accessors\n";
				//cout<<"\nf1.Name() = "<<f1.Name();
				//cout<<"\nf1.Age() = "<<f1.Age();
				//cout<<"\nf1.SSN() = "<<f1.SSN();
				//cout<<"\nf1.GPA() = "<<f1.GPA();
				cout<<"\nf1.NumberOfDegrees() = "<<f1.NumberOfDegrees();
				fs2 = f1.Degrees(numDegrees);
				cout<<"\nAfter string *fs2 = f1.Degrees(numDegrees)";
				for(i = 0;i < numDegrees;i++)
					cout<<"\nDegree Number "<<(i+1)<<": "<<fs2[i];
				cout<<"\nf1.Type() = "<<f1.Type();
				vf = f1.Degrees(); //Vector testing
				cout<<"\nAfter vf = f1.Degrees();";
				cout<<"\nvf.size() = "<<vf.size();
				for(i = 0;i < static_cast<int>(vf.size());i++)
					cout<<"\nDegree Number "<<(i+1)<<": "<<vf[i];
				cout<<"\n----------------------";
				cout<<"\nBefore input for Faculty f2.\n";
				cin>>f2;
				cout<<"\n----------------------";
				cout<<"\nFaculty f2 follows:\n";
				cout<<f2;
				Pause();
				done = false;
				break;
			case '3':
				cout<<"Program terminated, goodbye.";
				cin.get();
				done = true;
				break;
			default:
				cout<<"Incorrect choice selected"<<endl;
				Pause();
				done = false;
				break;
		}
	}
	delete[] fs;
	delete[] fs2;
}
void clearScreen()
{
	system("cls");
}
void Pause()
{
	cout<<"\n\nPress 'ENTER' to return to the main menu...\n";
	cin.get();
}
char displayMenuAndGetSelection()
{
	char choice;
	clearScreen();
	cout<<"\n\n\n";
	cout<<"'1' -- Checking out the StudentVoter class.\n\n";
	cout<<"'2' -- Checking the Faculty class.\n\n";
	cout<<"'3' -- Quit the program.\n\n";
	cin>>choice;
	cin.ignore(50,'\n');
	return choice;
}
</pre>
==Person.h==
<pre>
#pragma once
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

class Person
{
private:
	char* m_name;
	int m_age;
    string m_ssn;
public:
    Person();
	Person(char* name, int age, string ssn);
    Person(const Person &p);
    virtual ~Person();
	Person& operator=(const Person& p);
	void Name(const char* const name);
	string Name() const;
	void Age(int age);
	int Age() const;
	void SSN(string ssn);
	string SSN() const;
	string virtual Type() const;
    virtual void Read(istream& is);
	virtual void Write(ostream& os) const;
};
ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const Person& p);
istream& operator>>(istream& is, Person& p);
</pre>
==Person.cpp==
<pre>
#include <iostream>
#include "Person.h"
using namespace std;

Person::Person()
{
	int i;
	m_name = new char[3];
	for(i = 0;i < 2; i++)
		m_name[i] = '*';
	m_name[2] = '\0';
	m_age = 0;
	m_ssn = "***-**-****";
}
Person::Person(char* name, int age, string ssn)
{
	int i;
	m_name = new char[(int)strlen(name)+1];
	for(i = 0;i <= (int)strlen(name);i++)
		m_name[i] = name[i];
	m_age = age;
	m_ssn = ssn;
}
Person::Person(const Person &p)
{
	int i;
	m_name = new char[((int)strlen(p.m_name)+1)];
	for(i = 0;i <= (int)strlen(p.m_name);i++)
		m_name[i] = p.m_name[i];
	m_age = p.m_age;
	m_ssn = p.m_ssn;
}
Person::~Person()
{
	if(m_name != NULL)
	{
		delete[] m_name;
	}
}
Person& Person::operator=(const Person& p)
{
	if(this != &p)
	{
		int i;
		delete[] m_name;
		m_name = new char[((int)strlen(p.m_name)+1)];
		for(i = 0; i <= (int)strlen(p.m_name);i++)
			m_name[i] = p.m_name[i];
		m_age = p.m_age;
		m_ssn = p.m_ssn;
	}
	return *this;
}
void Person::Name(const char* const name)
{
	int i;
	delete[] m_name;
	m_name = new char[((int)strlen(name)+1)];
	for(i = 0;i <= (int)strlen(name);i++)
		m_name[i] = name[i];
}
string Person::Name() const
{
	/*int i
	for(i = 0;i <= (int)strlen(m_name);i++)
		cout<<m_name[i];*/
	return string(m_name);
}
void Person::Age(int age)
{
	m_age = age;
}
int Person::Age() const
{
	return m_age;
}
void Person::SSN(string ssn)
{
	m_ssn = ssn;
}
string Person::SSN() const
{
	return m_ssn;
}
string Person::Type() const
{
	return string("This is a Person Object");
}
void Person::Read(istream& is)
{
	string name;

	if(is == cin)
	{
		cout<<"Enter the name: "<<flush;
		getline(is,name);
		cout<<"Enter the age: "<<flush;
		is>>m_age;
		cout<<"Enter the social security number: "<<flush;
		is>>m_ssn;
		is.get();
	}
	else
	{
		getline(is,name);
		if(!is)
			return;
		if(name.length() == 0)
			getline(is,name);
		is>>m_age;
		is>>m_ssn;
		is.get();
	}
	int i;
	delete[] m_name;
	m_name = new char[(name.length()+1)];
	for(i = 0;i < (int)name.length();i++)
		m_name[i] = name[i];
	m_name[name.length()] = '\0';
}
void Person::Write(ostream& os) const
{
	if(os == cout)
		os<<"Name: "<<m_name<<"\nAge: "<<m_age<<"\nSSN: "<<m_ssn;
	else
		os<<m_name<<'\n'<<m_age<<'\n'<<m_ssn;
}
ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const Person& p)
{
	p.Write(os);
	return os;
}
istream& operator>>(istream& is, Person& p)
{
	p.Read(is);
	return is;
}
</pre>
==Student.h==
<pre>
#pragma once
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include "Person.h"
using namespace std;

class Student : public virtual Person
{
private:
	float m_gpa;
public:
    Student();
	Student(char* name, int age, string ssn, float gpa);
    Student(const Student &s);
    const Student& operator=(const Student& s);
	float GPA() const;
	void GPA(float gpa);
	string Type() const;
    void Read(istream& is);
	void Write(ostream& os) const;
};
ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const Student& s);
istream& operator>>(istream& is, Student& s);
</pre>
==Student.cpp==
<pre>
#include <iostream>
#include "Student.h"
using namespace std;

Student::Student() : Person(), m_gpa(0.0)
{}
Student::Student(char* name, int age, string ssn, float gpa) : Person(name, age, ssn), m_gpa(gpa)
{}
Student::Student(const Student &s) : Person(s), m_gpa(s.m_gpa)
{}
const Student& Student::operator=(const Student& s)
{
	if(this != &s)
	{
		Person::operator=(s);
		m_gpa = s.m_gpa;
	}
	return *this;
}
float Student::GPA() const
{
	return m_gpa;
}
void Student::GPA(float gpa)
{
	m_gpa = gpa;
}
string Student::Type() const
{
	return string("This is a Student Object");
}
void Student::Read(istream& is)
{
	Person::Read(is);
	if(is == cin)
	{
		cout<<"Enter the GPA: "<<flush;
		is>>m_gpa;
		is.get();
	}
	else
	{
		is>>m_gpa;
		is.get();
	}
}
void Student::Write(ostream& os) const
{
	Person::Write(os);
	if(os == cout)
		os<<"\nGPA: "<<m_gpa;
	else
		os<<'\n'<<m_gpa;
}
ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const Student& s)
{
	s.Write(os);
	return os;
}
istream& operator>>(istream& is, Student& s)
{
	s.Read(is);
	return is;
}
</pre>
==Voter.h==
<pre>
#pragma once
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include "Person.h"
using namespace std;

class Voter : public virtual Person
{
private:
	 string m_partyAffiliation;
public:
    Voter();
    Voter(char * name, int age, string ssn, string partyAffiliation);
    Voter(const Voter &v);
    const Voter& operator=(const Voter& v);
    void PartyAffiliation(string partyAffiliation);
	string PartyAffiliation() const;
	string Type() const;
    void Read(istream& is);
	void Write(ostream& os) const;
};
ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const Voter& v);
istream& operator>>(istream& is, Voter& v);
</pre>
==Voter.cpp==
<pre>
#include <iostream>
#include "Voter.h"
using namespace std;

Voter::Voter() : Person(), m_partyAffiliation("")
{}
Voter::Voter(char* name, int age, string ssn, string partyAffiliation) : Person(name, age, ssn), m_partyAffiliation(partyAffiliation)
{}
Voter::Voter(const Voter &v) : Person(v), m_partyAffiliation(v.m_partyAffiliation)
{}
const Voter& Voter::operator=(const Voter& v)
{
	if(this != &v)
	{
		Person::operator=(v);
		m_partyAffiliation = v.m_partyAffiliation;
	}
	return *this;
}
void Voter::PartyAffiliation(string partyAffiliation)
{
	m_partyAffiliation = partyAffiliation;
}
string Voter::PartyAffiliation() const
{
	return m_partyAffiliation;
}
string Voter::Type() const
{
	return string("This is a Voter Object");
}
void Voter::Read(istream& is)
{
	Person::Read(is);
	if(is == cin)
	{
		cout<<"Enter the party affiliation: "<<flush;
		is>>m_partyAffiliation;
		is.get();
	}
	else
		is>>m_partyAffiliation;
}
void Voter::Write(ostream& os) const
{
	Person::Write(os);
	if(os == cout)
		os<<"\nParty affiliation: "<<m_partyAffiliation;
	else
		os<<'\n'<<m_partyAffiliation;
}
ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const Voter& v)
{
	v.Write(os);
	return os;
}
istream& operator>>(istream& is, Voter& v)
{
	v.Read(is);
	return is;
}
</pre>
==StudentVoter.h==
<pre>
#pragma once
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include "Student.h"
#include "Voter.h"
using namespace std;

class StudentVoter : public Student, public Voter
{
private:
	//No additional data.
public:
	StudentVoter();
	StudentVoter(char* name, int age, string ssn, float gpa, string partyAffiliation);
	StudentVoter(const StudentVoter& sv);
	const StudentVoter& operator=(const StudentVoter& sv);
	string Type() const;
    void Read(istream& is);
	void Write(ostream& os) const;
};
ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const StudentVoter& sv);
istream& operator>>(istream& is, StudentVoter& sv);
</pre>
==StudentVoter.cpp==
<pre>
#include <iostream>
#include "StudentVoter.h"
using namespace std;

StudentVoter::StudentVoter() : Student(), Voter(), Person()
{}
StudentVoter::StudentVoter(char* name, int age, string ssn, float gpa, string partyAffiliation)
: Student(name,age,ssn,gpa), Voter(name,age,ssn,partyAffiliation), Person(name,age,ssn)
{}
StudentVoter::StudentVoter(const StudentVoter& sv) : Student(sv), Voter(sv), Person(sv)
{}
const StudentVoter& StudentVoter::operator=(const StudentVoter& sv)
{
	if(this != &sv)
	{
		Student::operator=(sv);
		PartyAffiliation(sv.PartyAffiliation());
	}
	return *this;
}
string StudentVoter::Type() const
{
	return string("This is a StudentVoter Object");
}
void StudentVoter::Read(istream& is)
{
	string partyaffiliation;
	Student::Read(is);
	if (is == cin)
	{
		cout<<"Enter the party affiliation: "<<flush;
		is>>partyaffiliation;
		is.get();
	}
	else
	{
		is>>partyaffiliation;
		is.get();
	}
	PartyAffiliation(partyaffiliation);
}
void StudentVoter::Write(ostream& os) const
{
	Student::Write(os);
	if (os == cout)
		os<<"\nParty affiliation: "<<PartyAffiliation();
	else
		os<<'\n'<<PartyAffiliation();
}
ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const StudentVoter& sv)
{
	sv.Write(os);
	return os;
}
istream& operator>>(istream& is, StudentVoter& sv)
{
	sv.Read(is);
	return is;
}
</pre>
==Faculty.h==
<pre>
#pragma once
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include "Person.h"
using namespace std;

class Faculty : public Person
{
private:
	int m_numberOfDegrees;
	string* m_degrees;
public:
	Faculty();
	Faculty(char* name, int age, string ssn, int numberOfDegrees, string* degrees);
    Faculty(const Faculty &f);
	~Faculty();
    const Faculty& operator=(const Faculty& f);
	void NumberOfDegrees(int degrees);
	int NumberOfDegrees() const;
	void Degrees(const string* degrees, int numberOfDegrees);
	string* Degrees(int &numberOfDegrees) const;
	void Degrees(const vector<string> &vs);
	vector<string> Degrees() const;
	string Type() const;
    void Read(istream& is);
	void Write(ostream& os) const;
};
ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const Faculty& f);
istream& operator>>(istream& is, Faculty& f);
</pre>
==Faculty.cpp==
<pre>
#include <iostream>
#include "Faculty.h"
using namespace std;

Faculty::Faculty() : Person(), m_numberOfDegrees(0)
{
	int i;
	m_degrees = new string[3];
	for(i = 0;i < 2; i++)
		m_degrees[i] = '*';
	m_degrees[2] = '\0';
}
Faculty::Faculty(char* name, int age, string ssn, int numberOfDegrees, string* degrees)
: Person(name, age, ssn), m_numberOfDegrees(numberOfDegrees)
{
	if(m_numberOfDegrees > 0)
	{
		int i;
		m_degrees = new string[m_numberOfDegrees];
		for(i = 0;i < m_numberOfDegrees;i++)
			m_degrees[i] = degrees[i];
	}
	else
		m_degrees = NULL;
}
Faculty::Faculty(const Faculty& f) : Person(f), m_numberOfDegrees(f.m_numberOfDegrees)
{
	if(m_numberOfDegrees < 1)
		m_degrees = NULL;
	else
	{
		int i;
		m_degrees = new string[m_numberOfDegrees];
		for (i = 0;i < m_numberOfDegrees;i++)
			m_degrees[i] = f.m_degrees[i];
	}
}
Faculty::~Faculty()
{
	if(m_degrees != NULL)
	{
		delete[] m_degrees;
	}
}
const Faculty& Faculty::operator=(const Faculty& f)
{
	if(this != &f)
	{
		Person::operator=(f);
		m_numberOfDegrees =	f.m_numberOfDegrees;
	}
	return *this;
}
void Faculty::NumberOfDegrees(int numberOfDegrees)
{
	m_numberOfDegrees = numberOfDegrees;
}
int Faculty::NumberOfDegrees() const
{
	return m_numberOfDegrees;
}
void Faculty::Degrees(const string* degrees, int numberOfDegrees)
{
	delete[] m_degrees;
	m_numberOfDegrees = numberOfDegrees;
	if(m_numberOfDegrees < 1)
		m_degrees = NULL;
	else
	{
		int i;
		m_degrees = new string[m_numberOfDegrees];
		for (i = 0;i < m_numberOfDegrees;i++)
			m_degrees[i] = degrees[i];
	}
}
string* Faculty::Degrees(int &numberOfDegrees) const
{
	string* temp;
	numberOfDegrees = m_numberOfDegrees;

	if(m_numberOfDegrees < 1)
		temp = NULL;
	else
	{
		int i;
		temp = new string[numberOfDegrees];
		for(i = 0;i < m_numberOfDegrees;i++)
			temp[i] = m_degrees[i];
	}
	return temp;
}
void Faculty::Degrees(const vector<string> &vs)
{
	delete [] m_degrees;
	m_numberOfDegrees = static_cast<int>(vs.size());
	if(m_numberOfDegrees < 1)
		m_degrees = NULL;
	else
	{
		int i;
		m_degrees = new string[m_numberOfDegrees];
		
		for(i = 0;i < m_numberOfDegrees;i++)
			m_degrees[i] = vs[i];
	}
}
vector<string> Faculty::Degrees() const
{
	vector<string> temp;
	if(m_numberOfDegrees > 0)
	{
		int i;
		for(i = 0;i < m_numberOfDegrees;i++)
			temp.push_back(m_degrees[i]);
	}
	return temp;
}
string Faculty::Type() const
{
	return string("This is a Faculty Object");
}
void Faculty::Read(istream& is)
{
	Person::Read(is);
	delete[] m_degrees;
	if(is == cin)
	{
		cout<<"Enter the number of degrees: "<<flush;
		is>>m_numberOfDegrees;
		is.get();
	}
	else
	{
		is>>m_numberOfDegrees;
		is.get();
	}
	if(m_numberOfDegrees < 1)
		m_degrees = NULL;
	else
	{
		int i;
		m_degrees = new string[m_numberOfDegrees];
		for (i = 0;i < m_numberOfDegrees;i++)
		{
			if (is == cin)
				cout<<"Enter the name of degree "<<(i+1)<<": "<<flush;
			getline(is,m_degrees[i]);
		}
	}
}
void Faculty::Write(ostream& os) const
{
	Person::Write(os);
	if(os == cout)
		os<<"\nNumber of Degrees: "<<m_numberOfDegrees;
	else
		os<<'\n'<<m_numberOfDegrees;
	if(m_numberOfDegrees < 1)
		return;
	else
	{
		int i;
		for (i = 0;i < m_numberOfDegrees;i++)
		{
			if(os == cout)
				os<<"\nDegree "<<(i+1)<<": "<<m_degrees[i];
			else
				os<<'\n'<<m_degrees[i];
		}
	}
}
ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const Faculty& f)
{
	f.Write(os);
	return os;
}
istream& operator>>(istream& is, Faculty& f)
{
	f.Read(is);
	return is;
}
</pre>
==GradStudent.h==
<pre>
#pragma once
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include "Student.h"
using namespace std;

class GradStudent : public Student
{
private:
	string m_researchArea;
public:
	GradStudent();
    GradStudent(char * name, int age, string ssn, float gpa, string researchArea);
    GradStudent(const GradStudent &gs);
    const GradStudent& operator=(const GradStudent& gs);
	string ResearchArea() const;
	void ResearchArea(string researcharea);
	string Type() const;
    void Read(istream& is);
	void Write(ostream& os) const;
};
ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const GradStudent& gs);
istream& operator>>(istream& is, GradStudent& gs);
</pre>
==GradStudent.cpp==
<pre>
#include <iostream>
#include "GradStudent.h"
using namespace std;

GradStudent::GradStudent() : Student(), m_researchArea("")
{}
GradStudent::GradStudent(char * name, int age, string ssn, float gpa, string researchArea)
: Student(name, age, ssn, gpa), m_researchArea(researchArea)
{}
GradStudent::GradStudent(const GradStudent& gs) : Student(gs), m_researchArea(gs.m_researchArea)
{}
const GradStudent& GradStudent::operator=(const GradStudent& gs)
{
	if(this != &gs)
	{
		Student::operator=(gs);
		m_researchArea = gs.m_researchArea;
	}
	return *this;
}
string GradStudent::ResearchArea() const
{
	return m_researchArea;
}
void GradStudent::ResearchArea(string researchArea)
{
	m_researchArea = researchArea;
}
string GradStudent::Type() const
{
	return string("This is a GradStudent Object");
}
void GradStudent::Read(istream& is)
{
	Student::Read(is);
	if(is == cin)
	{
		cout<<"Enter the Research area: "<<flush;
		is>>m_researchArea;
		is.get();
	}
	else
	{
		is>>m_researchArea;
		is.get();
	}
}
void GradStudent::Write(ostream& os) const
{
	Student::Write(os);
	if(os == cout)
		os<<"\nResearch area: "<<m_researchArea;
	else
		os<<'\n'<<m_researchArea;
}
ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const GradStudent& gs)
{
	gs.Write(os);
	return os;
}
istream& operator>>(istream& is, GradStudent& gs)
{
	gs.Read(is);
	return is;
}
</pre>