MyWikiBiz - User contributions [en]

Logical implication

2009-12-05T03:08:49Z

Komicwords: /* Document history */

The concept of '''logical implication''' encompasses a specific logical [[function (mathematics)|function]], a specific logical [[relation (mathematics)|relation]], and the various symbols that are used to denote this function and this relation. In order to define the specific function, relation, and symbols in question it is first necessary to establish a few ideas about the connections among them.

Close approximations to the concept of logical implication are expressed in ordinary language by means of linguistic forms like the following:

:* <math>p</math> implies <math>q</math>.

:* If <math>p</math> then <math>q</math>.

Here <math>p</math> and <math>q</math> are propositional variables that stand for any propositions in a given language. In a statement of the form "if <math>p</math> then <math>q</math>", the first term, <math>p</math>, is called the ''[[antecedent (logic)|antecedent]]'' and the second term, <math>q</math>, is called the ''[[consequent]]'', while the statement as a whole is called either the ''[[conditional]]'' or the ''[[consequence]]''. Assuming that the conditional statement is true, then the truth of the antecedent is a ''[[sufficient condition]]'' for the truth of the consequent, while the truth of the consequent is a ''[[necessary condition]]'' for the truth of the antecedent.

'''Note.''' Many writers draw a technical distinction between the form "<math>p</math> implies <math>q</math>" and the form "if <math>p</math> then <math>q</math>". In this usage, writing "<math>p</math> implies <math>q</math>" asserts the existence of a certain relation between the logical value of <math>p</math> and the logical value of <math>q</math> while writing "if <math>p</math> then <math>q</math>" merely forms a compound statement whose logical value is a function of the logical values of <math>p</math> and <math>q</math>. This will be discussed in detail below.

==Definition==

The concept of logical implication is associated with an operation on two logical values, typically the values of two propositions, that produces a value of <math>\mathrm{false}</math> just in case the first operand is true and the second operand is false.

In the interpretation where <math>0 = \mathrm{false}</math> and <math>1 = \mathrm{true}</math>, the truth table associated with the statement "<math>p</math> implies <math>q</math>", symbolized as <math>p \Rightarrow q</math>, is as follows:

<br>

{| align="center" border="1" cellpadding="8" cellspacing="0" style="background:#f8f8ff; font-weight:bold; text-align:center; width:45%"
|+ '''Logical Implication'''
|- style="background:#e6e6ff"
! style="width:15%" | p
! style="width:15%" | q
! style="width:15%" | p ⇒ q
|-
| 0 || 0 || 1
|-
| 0 || 1 || 1
|-
| 1 || 0 || 0
|-
| 1 || 1 || 1
|}

<br>

==Discussion==

The usage of the terms '''''logical implication''''' and '''''material conditional''''' varies from field to field and even across different contexts of discussion. One way to minimize the potential confusion is to begin with a focus on the various types of formal objects that are being discussed, of which there are only a few, taking up the variations in language as a secondary matter.

The main formal object under discussion is a [[logical operation]] on two [[logical value]]s, typically the values of two [[proposition]]s, that produces a value of ''false'' just in case the first operand is true and the second operand is false. By way of a temporary name, the logical operation in question may be written as Cond (''p'', ''q''), where ''p'' and ''q'' are logical values. The [[truth table]] associated with this operation is as follows:

<br>

{| align="center" border="1" cellpadding="8" cellspacing="0" style="background:#f8f8ff; font-weight:bold; text-align:center; width:60%"
|+ '''Conditional Operation : B × B → B'''
|- style="background:#e6e6ff"
! style="width:15%" | p
! style="width:15%" | q
! style="width:15%" | Cond (p, q)
|-
| F || F || T
|-
| F || T || T
|-
| T || F || F
|-
| T || T || T
|}

<br>

Some logicians draw a firm distinction between the conditional connective (the syntactic sign "<math>\rightarrow</math>"), and the implication relation (the formal object denoted by the sign "<math>\Rightarrow</math>"). These logicians use the phrase ''if–then'' for the conditional connective and the term ''implies'' for the implication relation. Some explain the difference by saying that the conditional is the ''contemplated'' relation while the implication is the ''asserted'' relation. In most fields of mathematics, it is treated as a variation in the usage of the single sign "<math>\Rightarrow</math>", not requiring two separate signs. Not all of those who use the sign "<math>\rightarrow</math>" for the conditional connective regard it as a sign that denotes any kind of object, but treat it as a so-called ''[[syncategorematic sign]]'', that is, a sign with a purely syntactic function. For the sake of clarity and simplicity in the present introduction, it is convenient to use the two-sign notation, but allow the sign "<math>\rightarrow</math>" to denote the [[boolean function]] that is associated with the [[truth table]] of the material conditional. These considerations result in the following scheme of notation.

: <math>\begin{matrix}
p \rightarrow q & \quad & \quad & p \Rightarrow q \\
\mbox{if}\ p\ \mbox{then}\ q & \quad & \quad & p\ \mbox{implies}\ q \\
\end{matrix}</math>

Let <math>\mathbb{B} = \{\mathbf{F},\ \mathbf{T}\}</math> be the ''[[boolean domain]]'' of two logical values. The truth table shows the ordered triples of a [[triadic relation]] <math>L \subseteq \mathbb{B} \times \mathbb{B} \times \mathbb{B}</math> that is defined as follows:

: <math>L = \{(p,\ q,\ r) \in \mathbb{B} \times \mathbb{B} \times \mathbb{B}\ :\ Cond (p,\ q)\ = r \}\,.</math>

Regarded as a set, this triadic relation is the same thing as the binary operation:

: <math>Cond : \mathbb{B} \times \mathbb{B} \to \mathbb{B}\,.</math>

The relationship between <math>Cond\!</math> and <math>L\!</math> exemplifies the standard association that exists between any binary operation and its corresponding triadic relation.

The conditional sign "<math>\rightarrow</math>" denotes the same formal object as the function name "<math>Cond\mbox{ }</math>", the only difference being that the first is written infix while the second is written prefix. Thus we have the following equation:

: <math>(p \rightarrow q) = Cond (p,\ q)\,.</math>

Consider once again the triadic relation <math>L \subseteq \mathbb{B} \times \mathbb{B} \times \mathbb{B}</math> that is defined in the following equivalent fashion:

: <math>L = \{(p,\ q,\ Cond (p,\ q))\ :\ (p,\ q) \in \mathbb{B} \times \mathbb{B} \}\,.</math>

Associated with the triadic relation <math>L\!</math> is a binary relation <math>L_{..T} \subseteq \mathbb{B} \times \mathbb{B}</math> that is called the ''[[image (mathematics)|fiber]]'' of <math>L\!</math> with <math>T\!</math> in the third place. This object is defined as follows:

: <math>L_{..T} = \{ (p,\ q) \in \mathbb{B} \times \mathbb{B}\ :\ (p,\ q,\ T) \in L \}\,.</math>

The same object is achieved in the following way. Begin with the binary operation:

: <math>Cond : \mathbb{B} \times \mathbb{B} \to \mathbb{B}\,.</math>

Form the binary relation that is called the ''fiber'' of <math>Cond\!</math> at <math>T\!</math>, notated as follows:

: <math>Cond^{-1}(T) \subseteq \mathbb{B} \times \mathbb{B}\,.</math>

This object is defined as follows:

: <math>Cond^{-1}(T) = \{ (p,\ q) \in \mathbb{B} \times \mathbb{B}\ :\ Cond (p,\ q) = T \}\,.</math>

The implication sign "<math>\Rightarrow</math>" denotes the same formal object as the relation names "<math>L_{..T}\mbox{ }</math>" and "<math>Cond^{-1}(T)\mbox{ }</math>", the only differences being purely syntactic. Thus we have the following logical equivalence:

: <math>(p \Rightarrow q) \iff (p,\ q) \in L_{..T} \iff (p,\ q) \in Cond^{-1}(T)\,.</math>

This completes the derivation of the mathematical objects that are denoted by the signs "<math>\rightarrow</math>" and "<math>\Rightarrow</math>" in this discussion. It needs to be remembered, though, that not all writers observe this distinction in every context. Especially in mathematics, where the single arrow sign "<math>\rightarrow</math>" is reserved for function notation, it is common to see the double arrow sign "<math>\Rightarrow</math>" being used for both concepts.

==References==

* [[Frank Markham Brown|Brown, Frank Markham]] (2003), ''Boolean Reasoning: The Logic of Boolean Equations'', 1st edition, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Norwell, MA. 2nd edition, Dover Publications, Mineola, NY, 2003.

* Edgington, Dorothy (2001), "Conditionals", in Lou Goble (ed.), ''The Blackwell Guide to Philosophical Logic'', Blackwell.

* Edgington, Dorothy (2006), "Conditionals", in Edward N. Zalta (ed.), ''The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy'', [http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/conditionals/ Eprint].

* [[W.V. Quine|Quine, W.V.]] (1982), ''Methods of Logic'', (1st ed. 1950), (2nd ed. 1959), (3rd ed. 1972), 4th edition, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.

==See also==

===Logical operators===

{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
* [[Exclusive disjunction]]
* [[Logical conjunction]]
* [[Logical disjunction]]
* [[Logical equality]]
{{col-break}}
* [[Logical implication]]
* [[Logical NAND]]
* [[Logical NNOR]]
* [[Logical negation|Negation]]
{{col-end}}

===Related topics===

{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
* [[Ampheck]]
* [[Boolean algebra]]
* [[Boolean domain]]
* [[Boolean function]]
{{col-break}}
* [[Boolean logic]]
* [[Laws of Form]]
* [[Logic gate]]
* [[Logical graph]]
{{col-break}}
* [[Peirce's law]]
* [[Propositional calculus]]
* [[Sole sufficient operator]]
* [[Zeroth order logic]]
{{col-end}}

==Document history==

Portions of the above article are adapted from the following sources under the [[GNU Free Documentation License]], under other applicable licenses, or by permission of the copyright holders.

* [http://planetmath.org/encyclopedia/LogicalImplication.html Logical implication] @ [http://planetmath.org/ PlanetMath]

* [http://www.getwiki.net/-Logical_Implication Logical implication] @ [http://www.getwiki.net/ GetWiki]

* [http://www.wikinfo.org/index.php/Logical_implication Logical implication] @ [http://www.wikinfo.org/ Wikinfo]

* [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Logical_implication&oldid=77109738 Logical implication] @ [http://en.wikipedia.org/ Wikipedia]

* [http://komicwords.com blog of relevant info]

[[Category:Computer Science]]
[[Category:Formal Languages]]
[[Category:Formal Sciences]]
[[Category:Formal Systems]]
[[Category:Linguistics]]
[[Category:Logic]]
[[Category:Mathematics]]
[[Category:Philosophy]]
[[Category:Semiotics]]

<sharethis />

Semeiotic

2009-12-05T02:57:56Z

Komicwords: /* External links */

'''''Semeiotic''''' is one of the terms that [[Charles Sanders Peirce]] used to describe his theory of [[triadic relation|triadic]] [[sign relation]]s, along with ''semiotic'' and the plural variants of both terms. As a practical matter, the form ''semeiotic'' is useful in distinguishing Peirce's theory, since it is less often used by other writers to describe their particular approaches to the subject matter.

==Types of signs==

There are three principal ways that a sign can denote its objects. These are usually described as ''kinds'', ''species'', or ''types'' of signs, but it is important to recognize that these are not [[ontology|ontological]] species, that is, they are not mutually exclusive features of description, since the same thing can be a sign in several different ways.

Beginning very roughly, the three main ways of being a sign can be described as follows:

:* An ''icon'' is a sign that denotes its objects by virtue of a quality that it shares with its objects.

:* An ''index'' is a sign that denotes its objects by virtue of an existential connection that it has with its objects.

:* A ''symbol'' is a sign that denotes its objects solely by virtue of the fact that it is interpreted to do so.

One of Peirce's early delineations of the three types of signs is still quite useful as a first approach to understanding their differences and their relationships to each other:

{| align="center" cellpadding="8" width="90%"
|
<p>In the first place there are likenesses or copies — such as ''statues'', ''pictures'', ''emblems'', ''hieroglyphics'', and the like. Such representations stand for their objects only so far as they have an actual resemblance to them — that is agree with them in some characters. The peculiarity of such representations is that they do not determine their objects — they stand for anything more or less; for they stand for whatever they resemble and they resemble everything more or less.</p>

<p>The second kind of representations are such as are set up by a convention of men or a decree of God. Such are ''tallies'', ''proper names'', &c. The peculiarity of these ''conventional signs'' is that they represent no character of their objects. Likenesses denote nothing in particular; ''conventional signs'' connote nothing in particular.</p>

<p>The third and last kind of representations are ''symbols'' or general representations. They connote attributes and so connote them as to determine what they denote. To this class belong all ''words'' and all ''conceptions''. Most combinations of words are also symbols. A proposition, an argument, even a whole book may be, and should be, a single symbol. (Peirce 1866, "Lowell Lecture 7", CE 1, 467–468).</p>
|}

==References==

* [[Charles Sanders Peirce|Peirce, C.S.]], [[Charles Sanders Peirce (Bibliography)|Bibliography]].

* Peirce, C.S., ''Writings of Charles S. Peirce : A Chronological Edition, Volume 1, 1857–1866'', Peirce Edition Project (eds.), Indiana University Press, Bloomington, IN, 1982. Cited as CE 1.

* Peirce, C.S. (1865), "On the Logic of Science", Harvard University Lectures, CE 1, 161–302.

* Peirce, C.S. (1866), "The Logic of Science, or, Induction and Hypothesis", Lowell Institute Lectures, CE 1, 357–504.

==Further reading==

* Awbrey, Jon, and Awbrey, Susan (1995), "Interpretation as Action : The Risk of Inquiry", ''Inquiry : Critical Thinking Across the Disciplines'' 15, 40–52. [http://www.chss.montclair.edu/inquiry/fall95/awbrey.html Eprint].

==See also==

{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
* [[Logic of information]]
* [[Logic of relatives]]
* [[Relation (mathematics)|Relation]]
{{col-break}}
* [[Semiosis]]
* [[Semiotics]]
* [[Semiotic information theory|Semiotic information]]
{{col-break}}
* [[Sign (semiotics)|Sign]]
* [[Sign relation]]
* [[Triadic relation]]
{{col-end}}

==External links==

* [http://vectors.usc.edu/thoughtmesh/publish/142.php Semeiotic → ThoughtMesh]

* Bergman & Paavola (eds.), ''Commens Dictionary of Peirce's Terms'', [http://www.helsinki.fi/science/commens/dictionary.html Webpage]
** ''[http://www.helsinki.fi/science/commens/terms/semeiotic.html Semeiotic]''
** ''[http://www.helsinki.fi/science/commens/terms/icon.html Icon]''
** ''[http://www.helsinki.fi/science/commens/terms/index2.html Index]''
** ''[http://www.helsinki.fi/science/commens/terms/symbol.html Symbol]''
** ''[http://komicwords.com Blog Of relevant info]''
<br><sharethis />

[[Category:Artificial Intelligence]]
[[Category:Critical Thinking]]
[[Category:Cybernetics]]
[[Category:Education]]
[[Category:Hermeneutics]]
[[Category:Information Systems]]
[[Category:Inquiry]]
[[Category:Intelligence Amplification]]
[[Category:Learning Organizations]]
[[Category:Knowledge Representation]]
[[Category:Linguistics]]
[[Category:Logic]]
[[Category:Philosophy]]
[[Category:Pragmatics]]
[[Category:Semantics]]
[[Category:Semiotics]]
[[Category:Systems Science]]

Directory:LibertyReserve

2009-05-01T03:16:43Z

Komicwords:

{{Infobox_Company
| company_name = [[Company_Name:=Libertyreserve]]
| company_logo = [[Image:Images.jpg|150px|LibertyReserve logo]]
| company_slogan = ''When Money has no border''
| company_type = [[Company_Type:=Private|[[Private Company|Private]]]]
| genre =
| foundation = [[Year_Started:=2006]]
| founder =
| location = {{Costarica|Central America}} [[Directory:1849-4050 Alajuela,
Costa Rica, Central America
(mail sorting facility for customer support mail) Arias&Munoz Centro Empresarial Forum,
Edificio C, Oficina 1C1.
Santa Ana, San Jose
Costa Rica, Central America]]]]
| key_people = [[Amed Mekovar, real name: Ahmed Yassin, AKA.“Ragnar”, Vladimir Kats]]
| industry = [Payment system Online]<br>
| products = 
}}
Base on [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberty_reserve Wikipedia review]In December of 2008, a hacker gained access to the Liberty Reserve system. Over a three month period the hacker removed over $1 million dollars from customer accounts and cashed those digital funds out into national currency. In March the Liberty Reserve web site went offline for several days to seal the open access which allows the hack and stolen funds. Several account holders now claim to be seeking legal action to know more

'''Libertyreserve''' Corporate History (2006 to present)

Liberty Reserve was acquired by Amed Mekovar in May of 2006. It was acquired as a result of a long research of digital currency industry, the problems and limitations this industry has faced in many jurisdictions, and with all unexplored potential in mind. Why Liberty Reserve? Because the system was designed exceptionally well, it had a great future and idea behind it – but it did not move anywhere. He has been approaching past Liberty Reserve owners since July of 2005, and in May of 2006 he has successfully negotiated an acquisition of Liberty Reserve.

As you may see, in the two and a half years of our ownership of Liberty Reserve, we have turned it into one of the leading payment systems with stellar reputation, millions of happy customers, and a delicate balance of privacy and local law compliance that this industry has not seen before. With over 4,000 new users per day, and about 32,000 transactions settled daily, over 30,000 support tickets answered monthly, 21 on site employees in Costa Rica and 11 employees abroad, with traffic rank surpassing many banks you can imagine what effort everyone has to put into creating this fast growing, smoothly running efficient system.


People behind Liberty Reserve S.A.

'''Liberty Reserve - DGC WikiAmed Mekovar — Corporate Director'''
An economist with twelve years of experience in banking industry. Served as a financial consultant to one of the leading banks in Costa Rica. Performed extensive research of financial structures worldwide. Has closely followed digital currency industry to study all possible ways to integrate real banking structure into on-line currency world.

'''Eric Paltz — Business Development'''
Has worked for Scotiabank for nine years. Worked his way from assistant manager to investigator in IFU (International Fraud Unit). Extensive experience with fraud cases around the world allows him to maintain Liberty Reserve S.A. a safe and sound place for your on-line banking experience.

'''Natalia Alfaro — General Manager'''
Was one of the managers of the largest call centers in Costa Rica. Superb management and office organizational skills keep our employees happy and our clients satisfied.

'''Paola Santroso — Compliance Officer'''
Assures that company is compliant with all applicable licenses and is responsible for verification procedure for corporate clients.

'''Sophia Yassine — Public Relations''' Is responsible for all press releases to be scheduled monthly starting January 2009. She is also responsible for public image of Liberty Reserve S.A. here in Costa Rica and abroad.

'''Sandro Castro — Abuse and Business Department''' inquiries Is responsible for handling all abuse inquiries and most tickets submitted to business department. There are currently fifteen customer support agents for live chat and support tickets.

== More Info ==
[http://dgc.wetpaint.com/page/Liberty+Reserve Libertyreserve act of history]
[http://dgc.wetpaint.com/page/Liberty+Reserve/revision/59?t=anon Libertyreserve Act of revision]
[http://journal.trainexservice.com/article/125/ Libertyreserve Trainex service journal Review]
[http://manhattanda.org/whatsnew/press/2006-07-27.shtml Libertyreserve and Newyork attorney`s office sued of illegal transmittal transactions]
[http://www.ecommerce-journal.com/news/13885_liberty_reserve_has_no_office_the_address_of_lr_is_fake LibertyReserve and Fake address issue]
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberty_reserve Libertyreserve,DDOS attack,and Libertreserve Crime act]



<center>
<adsense>
google_ad_client = 'pub-6881478232314011';
google_ad_width = 468;
google_ad_height = 60;
google_ad_format = '468x60_as';
google_ad_type = 'text_image';//2006-12-28: Centiare Directory space
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</center>

<br> 



==Photo gallery==
<gallery>
image:Images.jpg
image:Image2.jpg
</gallery>



==References==
<div class="references-small" style="-moz-column-count:1; column-count:1;">
<references />
</div>

== External links ==
*[http://komicwords.com/payment-system/liberty-reserve-buzz-of-the-week/Libertyreserve Buzz of the week]

===Share this page===
<sharethis />

Directory:LibertyReserve

2009-05-01T03:12:28Z

Komicwords: /* Photo gallery */

{{Infobox_Company
| company_name = [[Company_Name:=Libertyreserve]]
| company_logo = [[Image:Images.jpg|150px|LibertyReserve logo]]
| company_slogan = ''When Money has no border''
| company_type = [[Company_Type:=Private|[[Private Company|Private]]]]
| genre =
| foundation = [[Year_Started:=2006]]
| founder =
| location = {{Costarica|Central America}} [[Directory:1849-4050 Alajuela,
Costa Rica, Central America
(mail sorting facility for customer support mail) Arias&Munoz Centro Empresarial Forum,
Edificio C, Oficina 1C1.
Santa Ana, San Jose
Costa Rica, Central America]]]]
| key_people = [[Amed Mekovar, real name: Ahmed Yassin, AKA.“Ragnar”, Vladimir Kats]]
| industry = [Payment system Online]<br>
| products = 
}}
Base on [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberty_reserve Wikipedia review]In December of 2008, a hacker gained access to the Liberty Reserve system. Over a three month period the hacker removed over $1 million dollars from customer accounts and cashed those digital funds out into national currency. In March the Liberty Reserve web site went offline for several days to seal the open access which allows the hack and stolen funds. Several account holders now claim to be seeking legal action to know more

'''Libertyreserve''' Corporate History (2006 to present)

Liberty Reserve was acquired by Amed Mekovar in May of 2006. It was acquired as a result of a long research of digital currency industry, the problems and limitations this industry has faced in many jurisdictions, and with all unexplored potential in mind. Why Liberty Reserve? Because the system was designed exceptionally well, it had a great future and idea behind it – but it did not move anywhere. He has been approaching past Liberty Reserve owners since July of 2005, and in May of 2006 he has successfully negotiated an acquisition of Liberty Reserve.

As you may see, in the two and a half years of our ownership of Liberty Reserve, we have turned it into one of the leading payment systems with stellar reputation, millions of happy customers, and a delicate balance of privacy and local law compliance that this industry has not seen before. With over 4,000 new users per day, and about 32,000 transactions settled daily, over 30,000 support tickets answered monthly, 21 on site employees in Costa Rica and 11 employees abroad, with traffic rank surpassing many banks you can imagine what effort everyone has to put into creating this fast growing, smoothly running efficient system.


People behind Liberty Reserve S.A.

'''Liberty Reserve - DGC WikiAmed Mekovar — Corporate Director'''
An economist with twelve years of experience in banking industry. Served as a financial consultant to one of the leading banks in Costa Rica. Performed extensive research of financial structures worldwide. Has closely followed digital currency industry to study all possible ways to integrate real banking structure into on-line currency world.

'''Eric Paltz — Business Development'''
Has worked for Scotiabank for nine years. Worked his way from assistant manager to investigator in IFU (International Fraud Unit). Extensive experience with fraud cases around the world allows him to maintain Liberty Reserve S.A. a safe and sound place for your on-line banking experience.

'''Natalia Alfaro — General Manager'''
Was one of the managers of the largest call centers in Costa Rica. Superb management and office organizational skills keep our employees happy and our clients satisfied.

'''Paola Santroso — Compliance Officer'''
Assures that company is compliant with all applicable licenses and is responsible for verification procedure for corporate clients.

'''Sophia Yassine — Public Relations''' Is responsible for all press releases to be scheduled monthly starting January 2009. She is also responsible for public image of Liberty Reserve S.A. here in Costa Rica and abroad.

'''Sandro Castro — Abuse and Business Department''' inquiries Is responsible for handling all abuse inquiries and most tickets submitted to business department. There are currently fifteen customer support agents for live chat and support tickets.
</ref>

== More Info ==
[http://dgc.wetpaint.com/page/Liberty+Reserve Libertyreserve act of history]
[http://dgc.wetpaint.com/page/Liberty+Reserve/revision/59?t=anon Libertyreserve Act of revision]
[http://journal.trainexservice.com/article/125/ Libertyreserve Trainex service journal Review]
[http://manhattanda.org/whatsnew/press/2006-07-27.shtml Libertyreserve and Newyork attorney`s office sued of illegal transmittal transactions]
[http://www.ecommerce-journal.com/news/13885_liberty_reserve_has_no_office_the_address_of_lr_is_fake LibertyReserve and Fake address issue]
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberty_reserve Libertyreserve,DDOS attack,and Libertreserve Crime act]



<center>
<adsense>
google_ad_client = 'pub-6881478232314011';
google_ad_width = 468;
google_ad_height = 60;
google_ad_format = '468x60_as';
google_ad_type = 'text_image';//2006-12-28: Centiare Directory space
google_ad_channel = '2388332058';
google_color_border = 'FFFFFF';
google_color_bg = 'FFFFFF';
google_color_link = 'FFFFFF';
google_color_text = '000033';
google_color_url = 'E6E6E6';
</adsense>
</center>

<br> 



==Photo gallery==
<gallery>
image:Image.jpg
image:Image2.jpg
</gallery>



==References==
<div class="references-small" style="-moz-column-count:1; column-count:1;">
<references />
</div>

== External links ==
*[http://komicwords.com/payment-system/liberty-reserve-buzz-of-the-week/Libertyreserve Buzz of the week]

===Share this page===
<sharethis />

Directory:LibertyReserve

2009-05-01T03:11:46Z

Komicwords:

{{Infobox_Company
| company_name = [[Company_Name:=Libertyreserve]]
| company_logo = [[Image:Images.jpg|150px|LibertyReserve logo]]
| company_slogan = ''When Money has no border''
| company_type = [[Company_Type:=Private|[[Private Company|Private]]]]
| genre =
| foundation = [[Year_Started:=2006]]
| founder =
| location = {{Costarica|Central America}} [[Directory:1849-4050 Alajuela,
Costa Rica, Central America
(mail sorting facility for customer support mail) Arias&Munoz Centro Empresarial Forum,
Edificio C, Oficina 1C1.
Santa Ana, San Jose
Costa Rica, Central America]]]]
| key_people = [[Amed Mekovar, real name: Ahmed Yassin, AKA.“Ragnar”, Vladimir Kats]]
| industry = [Payment system Online]<br>
| products = 
}}
Base on [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberty_reserve Wikipedia review]In December of 2008, a hacker gained access to the Liberty Reserve system. Over a three month period the hacker removed over $1 million dollars from customer accounts and cashed those digital funds out into national currency. In March the Liberty Reserve web site went offline for several days to seal the open access which allows the hack and stolen funds. Several account holders now claim to be seeking legal action to know more

'''Libertyreserve''' Corporate History (2006 to present)

Liberty Reserve was acquired by Amed Mekovar in May of 2006. It was acquired as a result of a long research of digital currency industry, the problems and limitations this industry has faced in many jurisdictions, and with all unexplored potential in mind. Why Liberty Reserve? Because the system was designed exceptionally well, it had a great future and idea behind it – but it did not move anywhere. He has been approaching past Liberty Reserve owners since July of 2005, and in May of 2006 he has successfully negotiated an acquisition of Liberty Reserve.

As you may see, in the two and a half years of our ownership of Liberty Reserve, we have turned it into one of the leading payment systems with stellar reputation, millions of happy customers, and a delicate balance of privacy and local law compliance that this industry has not seen before. With over 4,000 new users per day, and about 32,000 transactions settled daily, over 30,000 support tickets answered monthly, 21 on site employees in Costa Rica and 11 employees abroad, with traffic rank surpassing many banks you can imagine what effort everyone has to put into creating this fast growing, smoothly running efficient system.


People behind Liberty Reserve S.A.

'''Liberty Reserve - DGC WikiAmed Mekovar — Corporate Director'''
An economist with twelve years of experience in banking industry. Served as a financial consultant to one of the leading banks in Costa Rica. Performed extensive research of financial structures worldwide. Has closely followed digital currency industry to study all possible ways to integrate real banking structure into on-line currency world.

'''Eric Paltz — Business Development'''
Has worked for Scotiabank for nine years. Worked his way from assistant manager to investigator in IFU (International Fraud Unit). Extensive experience with fraud cases around the world allows him to maintain Liberty Reserve S.A. a safe and sound place for your on-line banking experience.

'''Natalia Alfaro — General Manager'''
Was one of the managers of the largest call centers in Costa Rica. Superb management and office organizational skills keep our employees happy and our clients satisfied.

'''Paola Santroso — Compliance Officer'''
Assures that company is compliant with all applicable licenses and is responsible for verification procedure for corporate clients.

'''Sophia Yassine — Public Relations''' Is responsible for all press releases to be scheduled monthly starting January 2009. She is also responsible for public image of Liberty Reserve S.A. here in Costa Rica and abroad.

'''Sandro Castro — Abuse and Business Department''' inquiries Is responsible for handling all abuse inquiries and most tickets submitted to business department. There are currently fifteen customer support agents for live chat and support tickets.
</ref>

== More Info ==
[http://dgc.wetpaint.com/page/Liberty+Reserve Libertyreserve act of history]
[http://dgc.wetpaint.com/page/Liberty+Reserve/revision/59?t=anon Libertyreserve Act of revision]
[http://journal.trainexservice.com/article/125/ Libertyreserve Trainex service journal Review]
[http://manhattanda.org/whatsnew/press/2006-07-27.shtml Libertyreserve and Newyork attorney`s office sued of illegal transmittal transactions]
[http://www.ecommerce-journal.com/news/13885_liberty_reserve_has_no_office_the_address_of_lr_is_fake LibertyReserve and Fake address issue]
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberty_reserve Libertyreserve,DDOS attack,and Libertreserve Crime act]



<center>
<adsense>
google_ad_client = 'pub-6881478232314011';
google_ad_width = 468;
google_ad_height = 60;
google_ad_format = '468x60_as';
google_ad_type = 'text_image';//2006-12-28: Centiare Directory space
google_ad_channel = '2388332058';
google_color_border = 'FFFFFF';
google_color_bg = 'FFFFFF';
google_color_link = 'FFFFFF';
google_color_text = '000033';
google_color_url = 'E6E6E6';
</adsense>
</center>

<br> 



==Photo gallery==
<gallery>
image:Image1.jpg
image:Image2.jpg
</gallery>



==References==
<div class="references-small" style="-moz-column-count:1; column-count:1;">
<references />
</div>

== External links ==
*[http://komicwords.com/payment-system/liberty-reserve-buzz-of-the-week/Libertyreserve Buzz of the week]

===Share this page===
<sharethis />

Directory:LibertyReserve

2009-05-01T03:06:13Z

Komicwords: New page:   <!-- The following is a simple Infobox desig...

{{Infobox_Company
| company_name = [[Company_Name:=Libertyreserve]]
| company_logo = [[Image:Images.jpg|150px|LibertyReserve logo]]
| company_slogan = ''When Money has no border''
| company_type = [[Company_Type:=Private|[[Private Company|Private]]]]
| genre =
| foundation = [[Year_Started:=2006]]
| founder =
| location = {{Costarica|Central America}} [[Directory:1849-4050 Alajuela,
Costa Rica, Central America
(mail sorting facility for customer support mail) Arias&Munoz Centro Empresarial Forum,
Edificio C, Oficina 1C1.
Santa Ana, San Jose
Costa Rica, Central America]]]]
| key_people = [[Amed Mekovar, real name: Ahmed Yassin, AKA.“Ragnar”, Vladimir Kats]]
| industry = [Payment system Online]<br>
| products = 

'''Libertyreserve''' Corporate History (2006 to present)

Liberty Reserve was acquired by Amed Mekovar in May of 2006. It was acquired as a result of a long research of digital currency industry, the problems and limitations this industry has faced in many jurisdictions, and with all unexplored potential in mind. Why Liberty Reserve? Because the system was designed exceptionally well, it had a great future and idea behind it – but it did not move anywhere. He has been approaching past Liberty Reserve owners since July of 2005, and in May of 2006 he has successfully negotiated an acquisition of Liberty Reserve.

As you may see, in the two and a half years of our ownership of Liberty Reserve, we have turned it into one of the leading payment systems with stellar reputation, millions of happy customers, and a delicate balance of privacy and local law compliance that this industry has not seen before. With over 4,000 new users per day, and about 32,000 transactions settled daily, over 30,000 support tickets answered monthly, 21 on site employees in Costa Rica and 11 employees abroad, with traffic rank surpassing many banks you can imagine what effort everyone has to put into creating this fast growing, smoothly running efficient system.


People behind Liberty Reserve S.A.

'''Liberty Reserve - DGC WikiAmed Mekovar — Corporate Director'''
An economist with twelve years of experience in banking industry. Served as a financial consultant to one of the leading banks in Costa Rica. Performed extensive research of financial structures worldwide. Has closely followed digital currency industry to study all possible ways to integrate real banking structure into on-line currency world.

'''Eric Paltz — Business Development'''
Has worked for Scotiabank for nine years. Worked his way from assistant manager to investigator in IFU (International Fraud Unit). Extensive experience with fraud cases around the world allows him to maintain Liberty Reserve S.A. a safe and sound place for your on-line banking experience.

'''Natalia Alfaro — General Manager'''
Was one of the managers of the largest call centers in Costa Rica. Superb management and office organizational skills keep our employees happy and our clients satisfied.

'''Paola Santroso — Compliance Officer'''
Assures that company is compliant with all applicable licenses and is responsible for verification procedure for corporate clients.

'''Sophia Yassine — Public Relations''' Is responsible for all press releases to be scheduled monthly starting January 2009. She is also responsible for public image of Liberty Reserve S.A. here in Costa Rica and abroad.

'''Sandro Castro — Abuse and Business Department''' inquiries Is responsible for handling all abuse inquiries and most tickets submitted to business department. There are currently fifteen customer support agents for live chat and support tickets.
</ref>

== More Info ==
[http://dgc.wetpaint.com/page/Liberty+Reserve Libertyreserve act of history]
[http://dgc.wetpaint.com/page/Liberty+Reserve/revision/59?t=anon Libertyreserve Act of revision]
[http://journal.trainexservice.com/article/125/ Libertyreserve Trainex service journal Review]
[http://manhattanda.org/whatsnew/press/2006-07-27.shtml Libertyreserve and Newyork attorney`s office sued of illegal transmittal transactions]
[http://www.ecommerce-journal.com/news/13885_liberty_reserve_has_no_office_the_address_of_lr_is_fake LibertyReserve and Fake address issue]
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberty_reserve Libertyreserve,DDOS attack,and Libertreserve Crime act]



<center>
<adsense>
google_ad_client = 'pub-6881478232314011';
google_ad_width = 468;
google_ad_height = 60;
google_ad_format = '468x60_as';
google_ad_type = 'text_image';//2006-12-28: Centiare Directory space
google_ad_channel = '2388332058';
google_color_border = 'FFFFFF';
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google_color_link = 'FFFFFF';
google_color_text = '000033';
google_color_url = 'E6E6E6';
</adsense>
</center>

<br> 



==Photo gallery==
<gallery>
image:Image1.jpg
image:Image2.jpg
</gallery>



==References==
<div class="references-small" style="-moz-column-count:1; column-count:1;">
<references />
</div>

== External links ==
*[http://komicwords.com/payment-system/liberty-reserve-buzz-of-the-week/Libertyreserve Buzz of the week]

===Share this page===
<sharethis />

Directory:Komicwords

2009-04-28T02:47:40Z

Komicwords: /* External links */

''<blockquote>This page represents a simple '''personal''' Directory listing that is used for MyWikiBiz's [[Help:Listing|auto-create]] feature. To create your own listing, you can either copy & paste (by clicking on the edit tab) the wikitext to your own personal Directory page, or use the [[Help:Listing|auto-create]] feature to set up personal, commercial and other Directory listings. Note that '''''all''''' Directory listings require proper legal names - User names/pages provide anonymity if that's what is desired.</blockquote>''

{{Infobox_Person
| name = [[Person_First_Name:=Muri]] [[Person_Last_Name:=Nur]]
| other_names = 
| residence = {{flagicon|ID}} [[City:=Taloon|[[Directory:Taloon, BWI|East Java]]]], , [[Country_Name:=Indonesia|[[Directory:United States|USA]]]]
| image = Komicwords.jpg
| imagesize = 175px
| caption = 
| birth_date = [[Birth Date:=1982-03-30|[[0000-00-00]]]]
| birth_place = Taloon Tower @ midnight shot and scream
| birth_name =
| death_date = 
| death_place =
| death_cause =
| occupation = 
| known = I'm known for my solitary and Dreams
| contact =  [[Phone:=+6281353203902]]
| reference = [[Latitude]]: [[Latitude:=40.6326|40°37′57.4″N]]<br>[[Longitude]]: [[Longitude:=-74.9234|74°55′24.2″W]]<br>
}}

'''Taloon county''' lived on the first floow of the [[Directory:Taloon, BWI|East Java]] . it is place of love and serenity,my moms give me freedom and love that I need and at the same time she give me space to be dumb person to learn something that at the first place look impossible,the place is nice and sunny,full of bright and beauty and No TV gossip can touch that place.

But that is no more. I have been in Bali that I dont think that "beauty'



One of my friends has recently expanded his reach into entrepreneurial ventures centering on wiki editing and optimization. <ref name="DieWelt">{{cite news|last=Peer|first=Mathias|title=Wikipedia-Artikel, die man kaufen kann|publisher=[[Directory:Die Welt|Die Welt]]|date=2006-08-24|url=http://www.welt.de/data/2006/08/24/1009086.html|accessdate=2007-01-02}}</ref>



<center>
<adsense>
google_ad_client = 'pub-6881478232314011';
google_ad_width = 728;
google_ad_height = 90;
google_ad_format = '468x60_as';
google_ad_type = 'text_image';//2006-12-28: Centiare Directory space
google_ad_channel = '2388332058';
google_color_border = 'FFFFFF';
google_color_bg = 'FFFFFF';
google_color_link = 'FFFFFF';
google_color_text = '000033';
google_color_url = 'E6E6E6';
</adsense>
</center>



<br> 



==Photo gallery==
<gallery>
image:Komicwords.jpg
image:Lake_Lure_golf_view.jpg
</gallery>



==References==
<div class="references-small" style="-moz-column-count:1; column-count:1;">
<references />
</div>

==External links==
*[http://www.perfectmoney.com/?ref=146947 Swiss payment system] Paypal alternative,Secure payment service (warning: secure and reilable)
*[http://komicwords.com My personal Blog,my Vision,My dream] A pretty dumb blog with brave
*[http://searchfile.info Rapidshare search] Be careful with what you seek
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberty_reserve Libertyreserve Wikipedia] Paymentsystem that hacked
*[http://www.ecommerce-journal.co/news/13885_liberty_reserve_has_no_office_the_address_of_lr_is_fake Libertyreserve Must die]Fact you should know about them

===Share this page===
<sharethis />

===Geolocation===
{{Mapit-US-cityscale|40.6326|-74.9234}}

Directory:Komicwords

2009-04-28T02:36:24Z

''<blockquote>This page represents a simple '''personal''' Directory listing that is used for MyWikiBiz's [[Help:Listing|auto-create]] feature. To create your own listing, you can either copy & paste (by clicking on the edit tab) the wikitext to your own personal Directory page, or use the [[Help:Listing|auto-create]] feature to set up personal, commercial and other Directory listings. Note that '''''all''''' Directory listings require proper legal names - User names/pages provide anonymity if that's what is desired.</blockquote>''

{{Infobox_Person
| name = [[Person_First_Name:=Muri]] [[Person_Last_Name:=Nur]]
| other_names = 
| residence = {{flagicon|ID}} [[City:=Taloon|[[Directory:Taloon, BWI|East Java]]]], , [[Country_Name:=Indonesia|[[Directory:United States|USA]]]]
| image = Komicwords.jpg
| imagesize = 175px
| caption = 
| birth_date = [[Birth Date:=1982-03-30|[[0000-00-00]]]]
| birth_place = Taloon Tower @ midnight shot and scream
| birth_name =
| death_date = 
| death_place =
| death_cause =
| occupation = 
| known = I'm known for my solitary and Dreams
| contact =  [[Phone:=+6281353203902]]
| reference = [[Latitude]]: [[Latitude:=40.6326|40°37′57.4″N]]<br>[[Longitude]]: [[Longitude:=-74.9234|74°55′24.2″W]]<br>
}}

'''Taloon county''' lived on the first floow of the [[Directory:Taloon, BWI|East Java]] . it is place of love and serenity,my moms give me freedom and love that I need and at the same time she give me space to be dumb person to learn something that at the first place look impossible,the place is nice and sunny,full of bright and beauty and No TV gossip can touch that place.

But that is no more. I have been in Bali that I dont think that "beauty'



One of my friends has recently expanded his reach into entrepreneurial ventures centering on wiki editing and optimization. <ref name="DieWelt">{{cite news|last=Peer|first=Mathias|title=Wikipedia-Artikel, die man kaufen kann|publisher=[[Directory:Die Welt|Die Welt]]|date=2006-08-24|url=http://www.welt.de/data/2006/08/24/1009086.html|accessdate=2007-01-02}}</ref>



<center>
<adsense>
google_ad_client = 'pub-6881478232314011';
google_ad_width = 728;
google_ad_height = 90;
google_ad_format = '468x60_as';
google_ad_type = 'text_image';//2006-12-28: Centiare Directory space
google_ad_channel = '2388332058';
google_color_border = 'FFFFFF';
google_color_bg = 'FFFFFF';
google_color_link = 'FFFFFF';
google_color_text = '000033';
google_color_url = 'E6E6E6';
</adsense>
</center>



<br> 



==Photo gallery==
<gallery>
image:Komicwords.jpg
image:Lake_Lure_golf_view.jpg
</gallery>



==References==
<div class="references-small" style="-moz-column-count:1; column-count:1;">
<references />
</div>

==External links==
*[http://www.perfectmoney.com/?ref=146947 Swiss payment system] Paypal alternative,Secure payment service (warning: secure and reilable)
*[http://komicworcs/com My personal Blog,my Vision,My dream] A pretty dumb blog with brave
*[http://searchfile.info Rapidshare search] Be careful with what you seek
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberty_reserve Libertyreserve Wikipedia] Paymentsystem that hacked
*[http://www.ecommerce-journal.co/news/13885_liberty_reserve_has_no_office_the_address_of_lr_is_fake Libertyreserve Must die]Fact you should know about them

===Share this page===
<sharethis />

===Geolocation===
{{Mapit-US-cityscale|40.6326|-74.9234}}